3D Hand Shape and Pose from Images in the Wild
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Abstract (arXiv)
We present in this work the first end-to-end deep learning based method that predicts both 3D hand shape and pose from RGB images in the wild. Our network consists of the concatenation of a deep convolutional encoder, and a fixed model-based decoder. Given an input image, and optionally 2D joint detections obtained from an independent CNN, the encoder predicts a set of hand and view parameters. The decoder has two components: A pre-computed articulated mesh deformation hand model that generates a 3D mesh from the hand parameters, and a re-projection module controlled by the view parameters that projects the generated hand into the image domain. We show that using the shape and pose prior knowledge encoded in the hand model within a deep learning framework yields state-of-the-art performance in 3D pose prediction from images on standard benchmarks, and produces geometrically valid and plausible 3D reconstructions. Additionally, we show that training with weak supervision in the form of 2D joint annotations on datasets of images in the wild, in conjunction with full supervision in the form of 3D joint annotations on limited available datasets allows for good generalization to 3D shape and pose predictions on images in the wild.
Key facts. Cited by 190 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 9 Feb 2019.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 41; 2022: 37; 2023: 46; 2024: 28; 2025: 17; 2026: 21.
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- 2021DexYCB: A Benchmark for Capturing Hand Grasping of Objectscited by 320
- 2022ARCTIC: A Dataset for Dexterous Bimanual Hand-Object Manipulationcited by 306
- 2023Reconstructing Hands in 3D with Transformerscited by 298
- 2021DexMV: Imitation Learning for Dexterous Manipulation from Human Videoscited by 194
- 2021FrankMocap: A Monocular 3D Whole-Body Pose Estimation System via Regression and Integrationcited by 168
- 2022PyMAF-X: Towards Well-aligned Full-body Model Regression from Monocular Imagescited by 152
- 2021Semi-Supervised 3D Hand-Object Poses Estimation with Interactions in Timecited by 140
- 2021Collaborative Regression of Expressive Bodies using Moderationcited by 137
- 2023One-Stage 3D Whole-Body Mesh Recovery with Component Aware Transformercited by 128
- 2024WiLoR: End-to-end 3D Hand Localization and Reconstruction in-the-wildcited by 117
- 2024Track2Act: Predicting Point Tracks from Internet Videos enables Generalizable Robot Manipulationcited by 116
- 2022Recovering 3D Human Mesh from Monocular Images: A Surveycited by 103
38 more
- 2022What's in your hands? 3D Reconstruction of Generic Objects in Handscited by 90
- 2022Interacting Attention Graph for Single Image Two-Hand Reconstructioncited by 87
- 2021ArtiBoost: Boosting Articulated 3D Hand-Object Pose Estimation via Online Exploration and Synthesiscited by 76
- 2023HOLD: Category-agnostic 3D Reconstruction of Interacting Hands and Objects from Videocited by 76
- 2021MobRecon: Mobile-Friendly Hand Mesh Reconstruction from Monocular Imagecited by 74
- 2022TOCH: Spatio-Temporal Object-to-Hand Correspondence for Motion Refinementcited by 69
- 2023X-Avatar: Expressive Human Avatarscited by 66
- 2021Model-based 3D Hand Reconstruction via Self-Supervised Learningcited by 65
- 2025HaWoR: World-Space Hand Motion Reconstruction from Egocentric Videoscited by 62
- 2021Camera-Space Hand Mesh Recovery via Semantic Aggregation and Adaptive 2D-1D Registrationcited by 59
- 2021SignBERT: Pre-Training of Hand-Model-Aware Representation for Sign Language Recognitioncited by 59
- 2023SignBERT+: Hand-model-aware Self-supervised Pre-training for Sign Language Understandingcited by 59
- 2022AlignSDF: Pose-Aligned Signed Distance Fields for Hand-Object Reconstructioncited by 58
- 2021Towards unconstrained joint hand-object reconstruction from RGB videoscited by 57
- 2022Collaborative Learning for Hand and Object Reconstruction with Attention-guided Graph Convolutioncited by 54
- 2021I2UV-HandNet: Image-to-UV Prediction Network for Accurate and High-fidelity 3D Hand Mesh Modelingcited by 52
- 2023Towards Generalizable Zero-Shot Manipulation via Translating Human Interaction Planscited by 51
- 2021A Skeleton-Driven Neural Occupancy Representation for Articulated Handscited by 50
- 2024Dyn-HaMR: Recovering 4D Interacting Hand Motion from a Dynamic Cameracited by 50
- 2023Zero-Shot Robot Manipulation from Passive Human Videoscited by 49
- 2023gSDF: Geometry-Driven Signed Distance Functions for 3D Hand-Object Reconstructioncited by 49
- 2022UmeTrack: Unified multi-view end-to-end hand tracking for VRcited by 48
- 2023HybrIK-X: Hybrid Analytical-Neural Inverse Kinematics for Whole-body Mesh Recoverycited by 48
- 2024Hamba: Single-view 3D Hand Reconstruction with Graph-guided Bi-Scanning Mambacited by 45
- 2021Towards Accurate Alignment in Real-time 3D Hand-Mesh Reconstructioncited by 44
- 2021Learning to Disambiguate Strongly Interacting Hands via Probabilistic Per-pixel Part Segmentationcited by 40
- 2023ACR: Attention Collaboration-based Regressor for Arbitrary Two-Hand Reconstructioncited by 37
- 20223D Interacting Hand Pose Estimation by Hand De-occlusion and Removalcited by 36
- 2023Bringing Inputs to Shared Domains for 3D Interacting Hands Recovery in the Wildcited by 36
- 2022Hierarchical Temporal Transformer for 3D Hand Pose Estimation and Action Recognition from Egocentric RGB Videoscited by 35
- 2022Reconstructing Hand-Held Objects from Monocular Videocited by 35
- 2024Benchmarks and Challenges in Pose Estimation for Egocentric Hand Interactions with Objectscited by 35
- 2021Contrastive Representation Learning for Hand Shape Estimationcited by 34
- 2022Self-Emphasizing Network for Continuous Sign Language Recognitioncited by 33
- 2024EasyHOI: Unleashing the Power of Large Models for Reconstructing Hand-Object Interactions in the Wildcited by 33
- 2021Lightweight Multi-person Total Motion Capture Using Sparse Multi-view Camerascited by 32
- 2023A Probabilistic Attention Model with Occlusion-aware Texture Regression for 3D Hand Reconstruction from a Single RGB Imagecited by 32
- 2021Hand Image Understanding via Deep Multi-Task Learningcited by 31
50 most cited of 190 All 190 (JSON)
- 2026EventEgoHands++: Event-based Egocentric 3D Hand Mesh Reconstruction with Real Dataset15 Sep 2026
- 2026HandMvNet: Real-Time 3D Hand Pose Estimation Using Multi-View Cross-Attention Fusion20 Aug 2026
- 2026Hand Visibility Detector: Per-Keypoint Visibility Estimation for Hands12 Aug 2026
- 2026Towards in-the-wild Egocentric 3D Hand-Object Pose Estimation29 Jun 2026
- 2026ScaleHP: Scale-Mediated Optimization of Coupled Errors for Metric-Space Hand Pose Estimation24 Jun 2026
- 2026VEPHand: View-Efficient Photometric Hand Performance Capture at Scale14 Jun 2026
- 2026AVI-HT: Adaptive Vision-IMU Fusion for 3D Hand Tracking20 May 2026
- 2026Open-CHOIR: Open-World Contact-Aware 4D Hand-Object Interaction Reconstruction20 May 2026
- 2026StableHand: Quality-Aware Flow Matching for World-Space Dual-Hand Motion Estimation from Egocentric Video18 May 2026
- 2026TouchMap-OR: Multi-View 3D Mapping of Hand-Surface Contacts17 May 2026
- 2026GeoHand: Unlocking Prior Geometry Knowledge for Monocular 3D Hand Reconstruction17 May 2026
- 2026Chatting about Upper-Body Expressive Human Pose and Shape Estimation20 Apr 2026
38 more
- 2026LOME: Learning Human-Object Manipulation with Action-Conditioned Egocentric World Model28 Mar 2026
- 2026PAD-Hand: Physics-Aware Diffusion for Hand Motion Recovery27 Mar 2026
- 2026AnyHand: A Large-Scale Synthetic Dataset for RGB(-D) Hand Pose Estimation26 Mar 2026
- 2026Gesture-Aware Pretraining and Token Fusion for 3D Hand Pose Estimation18 Mar 2026
- 2026UniHand: A Unified Model for Diverse Controlled 4D Hand Motion Modeling25 Feb 2026
- 2026AGILE: Hand-Object Interaction Reconstruction from Video via Agentic Generation4 Feb 2026
- 2026Hand3R: Online 4D Hand-Scene Reconstruction in the Wild3 Feb 2026
- 2026EgoHandICL: Egocentric 3D Hand Reconstruction with In-Context Learning27 Jan 2026
- 2026EgoGrasp: World-Space Hand-Object Interaction Estimation from Egocentric Videos3 Jan 2026
- 2025SPLite Hand: Sparsity-Aware Lightweight 3D Hand Pose Estimation18 Oct 2025
- 2025Cascaded Diffusion Framework for Probabilistic Coarse-to-Fine Hand Pose Estimation1 Oct 2025
- 2025Follow My Hold: Hand-Object Interaction Reconstruction through Geometric Guidance25 Aug 2025
- 2025Enhancing Monocular 3D Hand Reconstruction with Learned Texture Priors13 Aug 2025
- 2025MagicHOI: Leveraging 3D Priors for Accurate Hand-object Reconstruction from Short Monocular Video Clips7 Aug 2025
- 2025Diffusion-based 3D Hand Motion Recovery with Intuitive Physics3 Aug 2025
- 2025emg2tendon: From sEMG Signals to Tendon Control in Musculoskeletal Hands29 Jul 2025
- 2025Monocular 3D Hand Pose Estimation with Implicit Camera Alignment10 Jun 2025
- 2025EgoZero: Robot Learning from Smart Glasses26 May 2025
- 2025M3DHMR: Monocular 3D Hand Mesh Recovery26 May 2025
- 2025Co3Gesture: Towards Coherent Concurrent Co-speech 3D Gesture Generation with Interactive Diffusion3 May 2025
- 2025EasyGenNet: An Efficient Framework for Audio-Driven Gesture Video Generation Based on Diffusion Model11 Apr 2025
- 2025Direction-Aware Hybrid Representation Learning for 3D Hand Pose and Shape Estimation2 Apr 2025
- 2025HORT: Monocular Hand-held Objects Reconstruction with Transformers27 Mar 2025
- 2025UniHOPE: A Unified Approach for Hand-Only and Hand-Object Pose Estimation17 Mar 2025
- 2025Collaborative Learning for 3D Hand-Object Reconstruction and Compositional Action Recognition from Egocentric RGB Videos Using Superquadrics13 Jan 2025
- 2025HaWoR: World-Space Hand Motion Reconstruction from Egocentric Videos6 Jan 2025
- 2024MaskHand: Generative Masked Modeling for Robust Hand Mesh Reconstruction in the Wild18 Dec 2024
- 2024Dyn-HaMR: Recovering 4D Interacting Hand Motion from a Dynamic Camera17 Dec 2024
- 2024emg2pose: A Large and Diverse Benchmark for Surface Electromyographic Hand Pose Estimation2 Dec 2024
- 2024HandOS: 3D Hand Reconstruction in One Stage2 Dec 2024
- 2024EasyHOI: Unleashing the Power of Large Models for Reconstructing Hand-Object Interactions in the Wild21 Nov 2024
- 2024V-Hands: Touchscreen-based Hand Tracking for Remote Whiteboard Interaction20 Sep 2024
- 2024WiLoR: End-to-end 3D Hand Localization and Reconstruction in-the-wild18 Sep 2024
- 2024XHand: Real-time Expressive Hand Avatar30 Jul 2024
- 2024HandDGP: Camera-Space Hand Mesh Prediction with Differentiable Global Positioning22 Jul 2024
- 2024Decomposed Vector-Quantized Variational Autoencoder for Human Grasp Generation19 Jul 2024
- 2024Weakly-Supervised 3D Hand Reconstruction with Knowledge Prior and Uncertainty Guidance17 Jul 2024
- 2024Hamba: Single-view 3D Hand Reconstruction with Graph-guided Bi-Scanning Mamba12 Jul 2024
50 newest of 190 All 190 (JSON)
- 2025MagicHOI: Leveraging 3D Priors for Accurate Hand-object Reconstruction from Short Monocular Video Clipscited by 15
- 2024HHMR: Holistic Hand Mesh Recovery by Enhancing the Multimodal Controllability of Graph Diffusion Modelscited by 14
- 2025Follow My Hold: Hand-Object Interaction Reconstruction through Geometric Guidancecited by 8
- 2023DiffHand: End-to-End Hand Mesh Reconstruction via Diffusion Modelscited by 7
- 2026EgoGrasp: World-Space Hand-Object Interaction Estimation from Egocentric Videoscited by 7
- 2023Denoising Diffusion for 3D Hand Pose Estimation from Imagescited by 2
- 2024CoCoGesture: Toward Coherent Co-speech 3D Gesture Generation in the Wildcited by 2
- 2026StableHand: Quality-Aware Flow Matching for World-Space Dual-Hand Motion Estimation from Egocentric Videocited by 2
- 2025EasyGenNet: An Efficient Framework for Audio-Driven Gesture Video Generation Based on Diffusion Modelcited by 0
- 2025Cascaded Diffusion Framework for Probabilistic Coarse-to-Fine Hand Pose Estimationcited by 0
- 2026StableHand: Quality-Aware Flow Matching for World-Space Dual-Hand Motion Estimation from Egocentric Video18 May 2026
- 2026EgoGrasp: World-Space Hand-Object Interaction Estimation from Egocentric Videos3 Jan 2026
- 2025Cascaded Diffusion Framework for Probabilistic Coarse-to-Fine Hand Pose Estimation1 Oct 2025
- 2025Follow My Hold: Hand-Object Interaction Reconstruction through Geometric Guidance25 Aug 2025
- 2025MagicHOI: Leveraging 3D Priors for Accurate Hand-object Reconstruction from Short Monocular Video Clips7 Aug 2025
- 2025EasyGenNet: An Efficient Framework for Audio-Driven Gesture Video Generation Based on Diffusion Model11 Apr 2025
- 2024HHMR: Holistic Hand Mesh Recovery by Enhancing the Multimodal Controllability of Graph Diffusion Models3 Jun 2024
- 2024CoCoGesture: Toward Coherent Co-speech 3D Gesture Generation in the Wild27 May 2024
- 2023Denoising Diffusion for 3D Hand Pose Estimation from Images18 Aug 2023
- 2023DiffHand: End-to-End Hand Mesh Reconstruction via Diffusion Models23 May 2023
- 2021DexYCB: A Benchmark for Capturing Hand Grasping of Objectscited by 320
- 2022ARCTIC: A Dataset for Dexterous Bimanual Hand-Object Manipulationcited by 306
- 2023Reconstructing Hands in 3D with Transformerscited by 298
- 2021FrankMocap: A Monocular 3D Whole-Body Pose Estimation System via Regression and Integrationcited by 168
- 2022PyMAF-X: Towards Well-aligned Full-body Model Regression from Monocular Imagescited by 152
- 2021Semi-Supervised 3D Hand-Object Poses Estimation with Interactions in Timecited by 140
- 2021Collaborative Regression of Expressive Bodies using Moderationcited by 137
- 2023One-Stage 3D Whole-Body Mesh Recovery with Component Aware Transformercited by 128
- 2024WiLoR: End-to-end 3D Hand Localization and Reconstruction in-the-wildcited by 117
- 2024Track2Act: Predicting Point Tracks from Internet Videos enables Generalizable Robot Manipulationcited by 116
- 2022Recovering 3D Human Mesh from Monocular Images: A Surveycited by 103
- 2022What's in your hands? 3D Reconstruction of Generic Objects in Handscited by 90
12 most cited of 176 All 176 (JSON)
- 2026EventEgoHands++: Event-based Egocentric 3D Hand Mesh Reconstruction with Real Dataset15 Sep 2026
- 2026HandMvNet: Real-Time 3D Hand Pose Estimation Using Multi-View Cross-Attention Fusion20 Aug 2026
- 2026Hand Visibility Detector: Per-Keypoint Visibility Estimation for Hands12 Aug 2026
- 2026Towards in-the-wild Egocentric 3D Hand-Object Pose Estimation29 Jun 2026
- 2026ScaleHP: Scale-Mediated Optimization of Coupled Errors for Metric-Space Hand Pose Estimation24 Jun 2026
- 2026VEPHand: View-Efficient Photometric Hand Performance Capture at Scale14 Jun 2026
- 2026AVI-HT: Adaptive Vision-IMU Fusion for 3D Hand Tracking20 May 2026
- 2026Open-CHOIR: Open-World Contact-Aware 4D Hand-Object Interaction Reconstruction20 May 2026
- 2026TouchMap-OR: Multi-View 3D Mapping of Hand-Surface Contacts17 May 2026
- 2026GeoHand: Unlocking Prior Geometry Knowledge for Monocular 3D Hand Reconstruction17 May 2026
- 2026Chatting about Upper-Body Expressive Human Pose and Shape Estimation20 Apr 2026
- 2026PAD-Hand: Physics-Aware Diffusion for Hand Motion Recovery27 Mar 2026
12 newest of 176 All 176 (JSON)