mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Neural Face Rigging for Animating and Retargeting Facial Meshes in the Wild

arXiv 2305.08296 ↗First posted 15 May 2023cs.GR cs.AIcited by 25

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Abstract (arXiv)

We propose an end-to-end deep-learning approach for automatic rigging and retargeting of 3D models of human faces in the wild. Our approach, called Neural Face Rigging (NFR), holds three key properties: (i) NFR's expression space maintains human-interpretable editing parameters for artistic controls; (ii) NFR is readily applicable to arbitrary facial meshes with different connectivity and expressions; (iii) NFR can encode and produce fine-grained details of complex expressions performed by arbitrary subjects. To the best of our knowledge, NFR is the first approach to provide realistic and controllable deformations of in-the-wild facial meshes, without the manual creation of blendshapes or correspondence. We design a deformation autoencoder and train it through a multi-dataset training scheme, which benefits from the unique advantages of two data sources: a linear 3DMM with interpretable control parameters as in FACS, and 4D captures of real faces with fine-grained details. Through various experiments, we show NFR's ability to automatically produce realistic and accurate facial deformations across a wide range of existing datasets as well as noisy facial scans in-the-wild, while providing artist-controlled, editable parameters.

Key facts. Cited by 25 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 18 of its 50 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 15 May 2023.

Builds on

18 of 50 references.

References · 18

  1. 2016PointNet: Deep Learning on Point Sets for 3D Classification and Segmentationcited by 5,223
  2. 2020Accelerating 3D Deep Learning with PyTorch3Dcited by 781
  3. 2016Geometric deep learning on graphs and manifolds using mixture model CNNscited by 468
  4. 20193D Morphable Face Models -- Past, Present and Futurecited by 269
  5. 2018Generating 3D faces using Convolutional Mesh Autoencoderscited by 267
  6. 2017MoFA: Model-based Deep Convolutional Face Autoencoder for Unsupervised Monocular Reconstructioncited by 163
  7. 2020DiffusionNet: Discretization Agnostic Learning on Surfacescited by 163
  8. 2020Learning Formation of Physically-Based Face Attributescited by 94
  9. 2019Neural 3D Morphable Models: Spiral Convolutional Networks for 3D Shape Representation Learning and Generationcited by 89
  10. 2019SpiralNet++: A Fast and Highly Efficient Mesh Convolution Operatorcited by 89
  11. 2022Multiface: A Dataset for Neural Face Renderingcited by 87
  12. 2017Variational Autoencoders for Deforming 3D Mesh Modelscited by 69
6 more
  1. 2020Fully Convolutional Mesh Autoencoder using Efficient Spatially Varying Kernelscited by 53
  2. 2019Disentangled Representation Learning for 3D Face Shapecited by 48
  3. 2014Multilinear Wavelets: A Statistical Shape Space for Human Facescited by 32
  4. 2022Neural Jacobian Fields: Learning Intrinsic Mappings of Arbitrary Meshescited by 28
  5. 2020Accurate Face Rig Approximation with Deep Differential Subspace Reconstructioncited by 8
  6. 2020JNR: Joint-based Neural Rig Representation for Compact 3D Face Modelingcited by 7

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2023: 1; 2024: 10; 2025: 9; 2026: 5.

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  1. 2024Media2Face: Co-speech Facial Animation Generation With Multi-Modality Guidancecited by 39
  2. 2025Anymate: A Dataset and Baselines for Learning 3D Object Riggingcited by 27
  3. 2024ScanTalk: 3D Talking Heads from Unregistered Scanscited by 22
  4. 2024HeadEvolver: Text to Head Avatars via Expressive and Attribute-Preserving Mesh Deformationcited by 11
  5. 2024DICE: End-to-end Deformation Capture of Hand-Face Interactions from a Single Imagecited by 9
  6. 2025Category-Agnostic Neural Object Riggingcited by 8
  7. 2024ShapeFusion: A 3D diffusion model for localized shape editingcited by 6
  8. 2025PoissonNet: A Local-Global Approach for Learning on Surfacescited by 6
  9. 2023Basis restricted elastic shape analysis on the space of unregistered surfacescited by 5
  10. 2024Locally Adaptive Neural 3D Morphable Modelscited by 5
  11. 2025SMF: Template-free and Rig-free Animation Transfer using Kinetic Codescited by 5
  12. 2025Neural Face Skinning for Mesh-agnostic Facial Expression Cloningcited by 5
13 more
  1. 2024LeGO: Leveraging a Surface Deformation Network for Animatable Stylized Face Generation with One Examplecited by 4
  2. 2024Beyond Fixed Topologies: Unregistered Training and Comprehensive Evaluation Metrics for 3D Talking Headscited by 4
  3. 2025RigAnyFace: Scaling Neural Facial Mesh Auto-Rigging with Unlabeled Datacited by 2
  4. 2024Democratizing the Creation of Animatable Facial Avatarscited by 1
  5. 2024PaNDaS: Learnable Deformation Modeling with Localized Controlcited by 1
  6. 2026OmniFaceRig: Fully Automatic Inner-Mouth-Aware Face Rigging Across Diverse 3D Character Topologiescited by 1
  7. 2025Improving Facial Rig Semantics for Tracking and Retargetingcited by 0
  8. 2025ScanMove: Motion Prediction and Transfer for Unregistered Body Meshescited by 0
  9. 2025Pain in 3D: Generating Controllable Synthetic Faces for Automated Pain Assessmentcited by 0
  10. 2026Learning Domain Agnostic Latent Embeddings of 3D Faces for Zero-shot Animal Expression Transfercited by 0
  11. 2026FreeTalk: Emotional Topology-Free 3D Talking Headscited by 0
  12. 2026AnyTalk: Speech Animation for Arbitrary Characters Leveraging a Video Generation Modelcited by 0
  13. 2026TopoRig: Topology-Agnostic Facial Rigging via Multi-Source Supervisioncited by 0