Optimized Minimal 4D Gaussian Splatting
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Abstract (arXiv)
4D Gaussian Splatting has emerged as a new paradigm for dynamic scene representation, enabling real-time rendering of scenes with complex motions. However, it faces a major challenge of storage overhead, as millions of Gaussians are required for high-fidelity reconstruction. While several studies have attempted to alleviate this memory burden, they still face limitations in compression ratio or visual quality. In this work, we present OMG4 (Optimized Minimal 4D Gaussian Splatting), a framework that constructs a compact set of salient Gaussians capable of faithfully representing 4D Gaussian models. Our method progressively prunes Gaussians in three stages: (1) Gaussian Sampling to identify primitives critical to reconstruction fidelity, (2) Gaussian Pruning to remove redundancies, and (3) Gaussian Merging to fuse primitives with similar characteristics. In addition, we integrate implicit appearance compression and generalize Sub-Vector Quantization (SVQ) to 4D representations, further reducing storage while preserving quality. Extensive experiments on standard benchmark datasets demonstrate that OMG4 significantly outperforms recent state-of-the-art methods, reducing model sizes by over 60% while maintaining reconstruction quality. These results position OMG4 as a significant step forward in compact 4D scene representation, opening new possibilities for a wide range of applications. Our source code is available at https://minshirley.github.io/OMG4/.
Key facts. Cited by 5 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 37 of its 43 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 4 Oct 2025.
Builds on
37 of 43 references.
References · 37
- 20233D Gaussian Splatting for Real-Time Radiance Field Renderingcited by 6,226
- 2020D-NeRF: Neural Radiance Fields for Dynamic Scenescited by 1,465
- 20234D Gaussian Splatting for Real-Time Dynamic Scene Renderingcited by 1,157
- 2023Deformable 3D Gaussians for High-Fidelity Monocular Dynamic Scene Reconstructioncited by 759
- 2023Scaffold-GS: Structured 3D Gaussians for View-Adaptive Renderingcited by 695
- 2023Mip-Splatting: Alias-free 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 667
- 2023HexPlane: A Fast Representation for Dynamic Scenescited by 587
- 2023Real-time Photorealistic Dynamic Scene Representation and Rendering with 4D Gaussian Splattingcited by 476
- 2023LightGaussian: Unbounded 3D Gaussian Compression with 15x Reduction and 200+ FPScited by 436
- 2023SplaTAM: Splat, Track & Map 3D Gaussians for Dense RGB-D SLAMcited by 388
- 2023Compact 3D Gaussian Representation for Radiance Fieldcited by 372
- 2023Spacetime Gaussian Feature Splatting for Real-Time Dynamic View Synthesiscited by 344
25 more
- 2023GS-SLAM: Dense Visual SLAM with 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 278
- 2024HAC: Hash-grid Assisted Context for 3D Gaussian Splatting Compressioncited by 209
- 2023EAGLES: Efficient Accelerated 3D Gaussians with Lightweight EncodingScited by 196
- 2024VR-GS: A Physical Dynamics-Aware Interactive Gaussian Splatting System in Virtual Realitycited by 179
- 20243DGStream: On-the-Fly Training of 3D Gaussians for Efficient Streaming of Photo-Realistic Free-Viewpoint Videoscited by 160
- 2022Mixed Neural Voxels for Fast Multi-view Video Synthesiscited by 127
- 2023DynMF: Neural Motion Factorization for Real-time Dynamic View Synthesis with 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 124
- 2024Per-Gaussian Embedding-Based Deformation for Deformable 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 104
- 2023VR-NeRF: High-Fidelity Virtualized Walkable Spacescited by 86
- 2024View-Consistent 3D Editing with Gaussian Splattingcited by 67
- 2024Deblurring 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 66
- 2025FreeTimeGS: Free Gaussian Primitives at Anytime and Anywhere for Dynamic Scene Reconstructioncited by 54
- 2024AutoSplat: Constrained Gaussian Splatting for Autonomous Driving Scene Reconstructioncited by 52
- 2024MEGA: Memory-Efficient 4D Gaussian Splatting for Dynamic Scenescited by 47
- 2024EditSplat: Multi-View Fusion and Attention-Guided Optimization for View-Consistent 3D Scene Editing with 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 41
- 2024Compact 3D Gaussian Splatting for Static and Dynamic Radiance Fieldscited by 25
- 2024QUEEN: QUantized Efficient ENcoding of Dynamic Gaussians for Streaming Free-viewpoint Videoscited by 25
- 2025Locality-aware Gaussian Compression for Fast and High-quality Renderingcited by 25
- 2025S2Gaussian: Sparse-View Super-Resolution 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 24
- 2025GIFStream: 4D Gaussian-based Immersive Video with Feature Streamcited by 24
- 20251000+ FPS 4D Gaussian Splatting for Dynamic Scene Renderingcited by 13
- 2025Hybrid 3D-4D Gaussian Splatting for Fast Dynamic Scene Representationcited by 13
- 2025Light4GS: Lightweight Compact 4D Gaussian Splatting Generation via Context Modelcited by 8
- 2025ADC-GS: Anchor-Driven Deformable and Compressed Gaussian Splatting for Dynamic Scene Reconstructioncited by 7
- 20254DGS-CC: A Contextual Coding Framework for 4D Gaussian Splatting Data Compressioncited by 5
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2026: 5.
5 papers.
- 2026HPC: Hierarchical Point-based Latent Representation for Streaming Dynamic Gaussian Splatting Compressioncited by 0
- 2026PD-4DGS:Progressive Decomposition of 4D Gaussian Splatting for Bandwidth-Adaptive Dynamic Scene Streamingcited by 0
- 2026Multi4D: High-Fidelity Dynamic Gaussian Splatting via Multi-Level Competitive Allocationcited by 0
- 2026ACA-GS: Adaptive-Capacity Anchored Gaussian Splatting for Compact Dynamic Radiance Fieldscited by 0
- 2026Mobile-4DGS: Unified Static-Dynamic Real-time Mobile Gaussian Splattingcited by 0
- 2026Mobile-4DGS: Unified Static-Dynamic Real-time Mobile Gaussian Splatting4 Oct 2026
- 2026ACA-GS: Adaptive-Capacity Anchored Gaussian Splatting for Compact Dynamic Radiance Fields5 Aug 2026
- 2026Multi4D: High-Fidelity Dynamic Gaussian Splatting via Multi-Level Competitive Allocation20 Jun 2026
- 2026PD-4DGS:Progressive Decomposition of 4D Gaussian Splatting for Bandwidth-Adaptive Dynamic Scene Streaming12 May 2026
- 2026HPC: Hierarchical Point-based Latent Representation for Streaming Dynamic Gaussian Splatting Compression31 Jan 2026
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2025Optimized Minimal 3D Gaussian Splatting
- 2025P-4DGS: Predictive 4D Gaussian Splatting with 90× Compression
- 2025Compressing 3D Gaussian Splatting by Noise-Substituted Vector Quantization
- 20244D Gaussian Splatting in the Wild with Uncertainty-Aware Regularization
- 20264DGS-Fixer: Generative Sparse-View 4D Gaussian Splatting with Iterative Refinement Guided by Video Diffusion Priors
- 2024Reducing the Memory Footprint of 3D Gaussian Splatting
- 2024Temporally Compressed 3D Gaussian Splatting for Dynamic Scenes
- 2025SymGS : Leveraging Local Symmetries for 3D Gaussian Splatting Compression