mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

PatchCraft: Exploring Texture Patch for Efficient AI-generated Image Detection

arXiv 2311.12397 ↗First posted 21 Nov 2023cs.CVcited by 119

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Abstract (arXiv)

Recent generative models show impressive performance in generating photographic images. Humans can hardly distinguish such incredibly realistic-looking AI-generated images from real ones. AI-generated images may lead to ubiquitous disinformation dissemination. Therefore, it is of utmost urgency to develop a detector to identify AI generated images. Most existing detectors suffer from sharp performance drops over unseen generative models. In this paper, we propose a novel AI-generated image detector capable of identifying fake images created by a wide range of generative models. We observe that the texture patches of images tend to reveal more traces left by generative models compared to the global semantic information of the images. A novel Smash&Reconstruction preprocessing is proposed to erase the global semantic information and enhance texture patches. Furthermore, pixels in rich texture regions exhibit more significant fluctuations than those in poor texture regions. Synthesizing realistic rich texture regions proves to be more challenging for existing generative models. Based on this principle, we leverage the inter-pixel correlation contrast between rich and poor texture regions within an image to further boost the detection performance. In addition, we build a comprehensive AI-generated image detection benchmark, which includes 17 kinds of prevalent generative models, to evaluate the effectiveness of existing baselines and our approach. Our benchmark provides a leaderboard for follow-up studies. Extensive experimental results show that our approach outperforms state-of-the-art baselines by a significant margin. Our project: https://fdmas.github.io/AIGCDetect

Key facts. Cited by 119 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 35 of its 49 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 21 Nov 2023.

Builds on

35 of 49 references.

References · 35

  1. 2021Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervisioncited by 33,456
  2. 2020Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 20,851
  3. 2021High-Resolution Image Synthesis with Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 18,694
  4. 2021Diffusion Models Beat GANs on Image Synthesiscited by 8,185
  5. 2015Deep Unsupervised Learning using Nonequilibrium Thermodynamicscited by 7,005
  6. 2022Hierarchical Text-Conditional Image Generation with CLIP Latentscited by 6,539
  7. 2018A Style-Based Generator Architecture for Generative Adversarial Networkscited by 5,986
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  10. 2021GLIDE: Towards Photorealistic Image Generation and Editing with Text-Guided Diffusion Modelscited by 3,595
  11. 2019Analyzing and Improving the Image Quality of StyleGANcited by 3,580
  12. 2017Progressive Growing of GANs for Improved Quality, Stability, and Variationcited by 2,967
23 more
  1. 2018Large Scale GAN Training for High Fidelity Natural Image Synthesiscited by 2,609
  2. 2018Glow: Generative Flow with Invertible 1x1 Convolutionscited by 1,539
  3. 2015LSUN: Construction of a Large-scale Image Dataset using Deep Learning with Humans in the Loopcited by 1,350
  4. 2019Semantic Image Synthesis with Spatially-Adaptive Normalizationcited by 1,295
  5. 2019FaceForensics++: Learning to Detect Manipulated Facial Imagescited by 1,095
  6. 2017StarGAN: Unified Generative Adversarial Networks for Multi-Domain Image-to-Image Translationcited by 1,036
  7. 2019CNN-generated images are surprisingly easy to spot... for nowcited by 842
  8. 2021Vector Quantized Diffusion Model for Text-to-Image Synthesiscited by 773
  9. 2016Generative Adversarial Text to Image Synthesiscited by 735
  10. 2020Leveraging Frequency Analysis for Deep Fake Image Recognitioncited by 501
  11. 2023Towards Universal Fake Image Detectors that Generalize Across Generative Modelscited by 483
  12. 2023DIRE for Diffusion-Generated Image Detectioncited by 386
  13. 2023GenImage: A Million-Scale Benchmark for Detecting AI-Generated Imagecited by 318
  14. 2020Watch your Up-Convolution: CNN Based Generative Deep Neural Networks are Failing to Reproduce Spectral Distributionscited by 278
  15. 2018Deep Video Portraitscited by 265
  16. 2021Spatial-Phase Shallow Learning: Rethinking Face Forgery Detection in Frequency Domaincited by 241
  17. 2020Global Texture Enhancement for Fake Face Detection in the Wildcited by 220
  18. 2019MirrorGAN: Learning Text-to-image Generation by Redescriptioncited by 176
  19. 2021Are GAN generated images easy to detect? A critical analysis of the state-of-the-artcited by 139
  20. 2018Neural Voice Cloning with a Few Samplescited by 100
  21. 2022Fusing Global and Local Features for Generalized AI-Synthesized Image Detectioncited by 88
  22. 2020CNN Detection of GAN-Generated Face Images based on Cross-Band Co-occurrences Analysiscited by 42
  23. 2020Detecting CNN-Generated Facial Images in Real-World Scenarioscited by 32

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2024: 14; 2025: 51; 2026: 54.

119 papers.

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  1. 2024Detecting Multimedia Generated by Large AI Models: A Surveycited by 73
  2. 2025Dual Data Alignment Makes AI-Generated Image Detector Easier Generalizablecited by 58
  3. 2024Any-Resolution AI-Generated Image Detection by Spectral Learningcited by 56
  4. 2025Is Artificial Intelligence Generated Image Detection a Solved Problem?cited by 49
  5. 2024FIRE: Robust Detection of Diffusion-Generated Images via Frequency-Guided Reconstruction Errorcited by 46
  6. 2024A Single Simple Patch is All You Need for AI-generated Image Detectioncited by 43
  7. 2025CO-SPY: Combining Semantic and Pixel Features to Detect Synthetic Images by AIcited by 42
  8. 2024FakeBench: Probing Explainable Fake Image Detection via Large Multimodal Modelscited by 36
  9. 2025Ivy-Fake: A Unified Explainable Framework and Benchmark for Image and Video AIGC Detectioncited by 34
  10. 2025AIGI-Holmes: Towards Explainable and Generalizable AI-Generated Image Detection via Multimodal Large Language Modelscited by 33
  11. 2025Bridging the Gap Between Ideal and Real-world Evaluation: Benchmarking AI-Generated Image Detection in Challenging Scenarioscited by 24
  12. 2025All Patches Matter, More Patches Better: Enhance AI-Generated Image Detection via Panoptic Patch Learningcited by 23
38 more
  1. 2024TGIF: Text-Guided Inpainting Forgery Datasetcited by 20
  2. 2025Toward Generalizable Forgery Detection and Reasoningcited by 20
  3. 2026How well are open sourced AI-generated image detection models out-of-the-box: A comprehensive benchmark studycited by 15
  4. 2024SIDBench: A Python Framework for Reliably Assessing Synthetic Image Detection Methodscited by 14
  5. 2025Few-Shot Learner Generalizes Across AI-Generated Image Detectioncited by 13
  6. 2026Your One-Stop Solution for AI-Generated Video Detectioncited by 13
  7. 2025Survey on AI-Generated Media Detection: From Non-MLLM to MLLMcited by 12
  8. 2025Methods and Trends in Detecting AI-Generated Images: A Comprehensive Reviewcited by 12
  9. 2025FakeScope: Large Multimodal Expert Model for Transparent AI-Generated Image Forensicscited by 11
  10. 2025LOTA: Bit-Planes Guided AI-Generated Image Detectioncited by 10
  11. 2024TextureCrop: Enhancing Synthetic Image Detection through Texture-based Croppingcited by 9
  12. 2025UniShield: An Adaptive Multi-Agent Framework for Unified Forgery Image Detection and Localizationcited by 9
  13. 2024Evolution of Detection Performance throughout the Online Lifespan of Synthetic Imagescited by 8
  14. 2024Detecting Origin Attribution for Text-to-Image Diffusion Modelscited by 7
  15. 2025NS-Net: Decoupling CLIP Semantic Information through NULL-Space for Generalizable AI-Generated Image Detectioncited by 7
  16. 2025ThinkFake: Reasoning in Multimodal Large Language Models for AI-Generated Image Detectioncited by 7
  17. 2025AvatarShield: Visual Reinforcement Learning for Human-Centric Synthetic Video Detectioncited by 6
  18. 2025Few-Shot Synthetic Image Attribution: Identifying Unseen Generators with Limited Samplescited by 6
  19. 2026EvoGuard: An Extensible Agentic RL-based Framework for Practical and Evolving AI-Generated Image Detectioncited by 6
  20. 2025Multimodal Conditional Information Bottleneck for Generalizable AI-Generated Image Detectioncited by 5
  21. 2025LATTE: Latent Trajectory Embedding for Diffusion-Generated Image Detectioncited by 5
  22. 2025From Evidence to Verdict: An Agent-Based Forensic Framework for AI-Generated Image Detectioncited by 5
  23. 2025DINO-Detect: A Simple yet Effective Framework for Blur-Robust AI-Generated Image Detectioncited by 5
  24. 2026On the Holistic Approach for Detecting Human Image Forgerycited by 5
  25. 2026PGC: Peak-Guided Calibration for Generalizable AI-Generated Image Detectioncited by 5
  26. 2024When AI Eats Itself: On the Caveats of AI Autophagycited by 4
  27. 2024The Cat and Mouse Game: The Ongoing Arms Race Between Diffusion Models and Detection Methodscited by 4
  28. 2025Fully AI-Generated Image Detection: Definition, Recent Advances and Challengescited by 4
  29. 2025DGS-Net: Distillation-Guided Gradient Surgery for CLIP Fine-Tuning in AI-Generated Image Detectioncited by 4
  30. 2025REVEAL: Reasoning-Enhanced Forensic Evidence Analysis for Explainable AI-Generated Image Detectioncited by 4
  31. 2026Layer Consistency Matters: Elegant Latent Transition Discrepancy for Generalizable Synthetic Image Detectioncited by 4
  32. 2026Where Detectors Fail: Probing Generative Space for Generalizable AI-Generated Image Detectioncited by 4
  33. 2024Present and Future Generalization of Synthetic Image Detectorscited by 3
  34. 2024Epistemic Uncertainty for Generated Image Detectioncited by 3
  35. 2025Frequency-Calibrated Membership Inference Attacks on Medical Image Diffusion Modelscited by 3
  36. 2025FakeParts: a New Family of AI-Generated DeepFakescited by 3
  37. 2025DiffSeg30k: A Multi-Turn Diffusion Editing Benchmark for Localized AIGC Detectioncited by 3
  38. 2025When Semantics Regulate: Rethinking Patch Shuffle and Internal Bias for Generated Image Detection with CLIPcited by 3

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