Tracking People with 3D Representations
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Abstract (arXiv)
We present a novel approach for tracking multiple people in video. Unlike past approaches which employ 2D representations, we focus on using 3D representations of people, located in three-dimensional space. To this end, we develop a method, Human Mesh and Appearance Recovery (HMAR) which in addition to extracting the 3D geometry of the person as a SMPL mesh, also extracts appearance as a texture map on the triangles of the mesh. This serves as a 3D representation for appearance that is robust to viewpoint and pose changes. Given a video clip, we first detect bounding boxes corresponding to people, and for each one, we extract 3D appearance, pose, and location information using HMAR. These embedding vectors are then sent to a transformer, which performs spatio-temporal aggregation of the representations over the duration of the sequence. The similarity of the resulting representations is used to solve for associations that assigns each person to a tracklet. We evaluate our approach on the Posetrack, MuPoTs and AVA datasets. We find that 3D representations are more effective than 2D representations for tracking in these settings, and we obtain state-of-the-art performance. Code and results are available at: https://brjathu.github.io/T3DP.
Key facts. Cited by 22 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 39 of its 52 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 15 Nov 2021.
Builds on
39 of 52 references.
References · 39
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- 2020An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at Scalecited by 30,186
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- 2017End-to-end Recovery of Human Shape and Posecited by 885
- 2016Performance Measures and a Data Set for Multi-Target, Multi-Camera Trackingcited by 692
- 2019Learning to Reconstruct 3D Human Pose and Shape via Model-fitting in the Loopcited by 627
- 2019VIBE: Video Inference for Human Body Pose and Shape Estimationcited by 620
- 2021TrackFormer: Multi-Object Tracking with Transformerscited by 518
- 2018Simple Baselines for Human Pose Estimation and Trackingcited by 502
- 2020Tracking Objects as Pointscited by 483
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27 more
- 2019Tracking without bells and whistlescited by 382
- 2016RMPE: Regional Multi-person Pose Estimationcited by 340
- 2018Learning Category-Specific Mesh Reconstruction from Image Collectionscited by 317
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- 2017Single-Shot Multi-Person 3D Pose Estimation From Monocular RGBcited by 195
- 2017PoseTrack: A Benchmark for Human Pose Estimation and Trackingcited by 173
- 2016View Synthesis by Appearance Flowcited by 172
- 2020Coherent Reconstruction of Multiple Humans from a Single Imagecited by 136
- 2020MOTChallenge: A Benchmark for Single-Camera Multiple Target Trackingcited by 136
- 2020GNN3DMOT: Graph Neural Network for 3D Multi-Object Tracking with Multi-Feature Learningcited by 113
- 2019Exploiting temporal context for 3D human pose estimation in the wildcited by 110
- 2018Pose Flow: Efficient Online Pose Trackingcited by 80
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- 2019How To Train Your Deep Multi-Object Trackercited by 71
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 1; 2022: 7; 2023: 6; 2024: 6; 2025: 0; 2026: 2.
22 papers.
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- 2023Humans in 4D: Reconstructing and Tracking Humans with Transformerscited by 350
- 2023Decoupling Human and Camera Motion from Videos in the Wildcited by 142
- 2022Recovering 3D Human Mesh from Monocular Images: A Surveycited by 103
- 2023TRACE: 5D Temporal Regression of Avatars with Dynamic Cameras in 3D Environmentscited by 91
- 2023Visibility Aware Human-Object Interaction Tracking from Single RGB Cameracited by 58
- 2023On the Benefits of 3D Pose and Tracking for Human Action Recognitioncited by 32
- 2024Towards Open Domain Text-Driven Synthesis of Multi-Person Motionscited by 29
- 2022Benchmarking and Analyzing 3D Human Pose and Shape Estimation Beyond Algorithmscited by 28
- 2024PhysPT: Physics-aware Pretrained Transformer for Estimating Human Dynamics from Monocular Videoscited by 28
- 2024Spatial Cognition from Egocentric Video: Out of Sight, Not Out of Mindcited by 28
- 2023TEMPO: Efficient Multi-View Pose Estimation, Tracking, and Forecastingcited by 22
- 2021Tracking People by Predicting 3D Appearance, Location & Posecited by 15
10 more
- 2022Domain Adaptive 3D Pose Augmentation for In-the-wild Human Mesh Recoverycited by 12
- 2022PosePipe: Open-Source Human Pose Estimation Pipeline for Clinical Researchcited by 10
- 2024SMPLer: Taming Transformers for Monocular 3D Human Shape and Pose Estimationcited by 9
- 2022Multi-view Tracking, Re-ID, and Social Network Analysis of a Flock of Visually Similar Birds in an Outdoor Aviarycited by 7
- 2022Snipper: A Spatiotemporal Transformer for Simultaneous Multi-Person 3D Pose Estimation Tracking and Forecasting on a Video Snippetcited by 6
- 2022SMPL-IK: Learned Morphology-Aware Inverse Kinematics for AI Driven Artistic Workflowscited by 6
- 2024Personalized 3D Human Pose and Shape Refinementcited by 2
- 2026Multi-HMR 2: Multi-Person Camera-Centric Human Detection, Mesh Recovery and Trackingcited by 2
- 2026DETRAM: End-to-end DEtection, Tracking and Recovery of HumAn Meshescited by 1
- 2024RemoCap: Disentangled Representation Learning for Motion Capturecited by 0
- 2026DETRAM: End-to-end DEtection, Tracking and Recovery of HumAn Meshes10 Jul 2026
- 2026Multi-HMR 2: Multi-Person Camera-Centric Human Detection, Mesh Recovery and Tracking12 Jun 2026
- 2024Towards Open Domain Text-Driven Synthesis of Multi-Person Motions28 May 2024
- 2024RemoCap: Disentangled Representation Learning for Motion Capture21 May 2024
- 2024SMPLer: Taming Transformers for Monocular 3D Human Shape and Pose Estimation23 Apr 2024
- 2024Spatial Cognition from Egocentric Video: Out of Sight, Not Out of Mind7 Apr 2024
- 2024PhysPT: Physics-aware Pretrained Transformer for Estimating Human Dynamics from Monocular Videos5 Apr 2024
- 2024Personalized 3D Human Pose and Shape Refinement18 Mar 2024
- 2023TEMPO: Efficient Multi-View Pose Estimation, Tracking, and Forecasting14 Sep 2023
- 2023TRACE: 5D Temporal Regression of Avatars with Dynamic Cameras in 3D Environments5 Jun 2023
- 2023Humans in 4D: Reconstructing and Tracking Humans with Transformers31 May 2023
- 2023On the Benefits of 3D Pose and Tracking for Human Action Recognition3 Apr 2023
10 more
- 2023Visibility Aware Human-Object Interaction Tracking from Single RGB Camera29 Mar 2023
- 2023Decoupling Human and Camera Motion from Videos in the Wild24 Feb 2023
- 2022Multi-view Tracking, Re-ID, and Social Network Analysis of a Flock of Visually Similar Birds in an Outdoor Aviary1 Dec 2022
- 2022Benchmarking and Analyzing 3D Human Pose and Shape Estimation Beyond Algorithms21 Sep 2022
- 2022SMPL-IK: Learned Morphology-Aware Inverse Kinematics for AI Driven Artistic Workflows16 Aug 2022
- 2022Snipper: A Spatiotemporal Transformer for Simultaneous Multi-Person 3D Pose Estimation Tracking and Forecasting on a Video Snippet9 Jul 2022
- 2022Domain Adaptive 3D Pose Augmentation for In-the-wild Human Mesh Recovery21 Jun 2022
- 2022PosePipe: Open-Source Human Pose Estimation Pipeline for Clinical Research16 Mar 2022
- 2022Recovering 3D Human Mesh from Monocular Images: A Survey3 Mar 2022
- 2021Tracking People by Predicting 3D Appearance, Location & Pose8 Dec 2021
- 2023Humans in 4D: Reconstructing and Tracking Humans with Transformerscited by 350
- 2023Decoupling Human and Camera Motion from Videos in the Wildcited by 142
- 2022Recovering 3D Human Mesh from Monocular Images: A Surveycited by 103
- 2023TRACE: 5D Temporal Regression of Avatars with Dynamic Cameras in 3D Environmentscited by 91
- 2023Visibility Aware Human-Object Interaction Tracking from Single RGB Cameracited by 58
- 2023On the Benefits of 3D Pose and Tracking for Human Action Recognitioncited by 32
- 2024Towards Open Domain Text-Driven Synthesis of Multi-Person Motionscited by 29
- 2022Benchmarking and Analyzing 3D Human Pose and Shape Estimation Beyond Algorithmscited by 28
- 2024PhysPT: Physics-aware Pretrained Transformer for Estimating Human Dynamics from Monocular Videoscited by 28
- 2024Spatial Cognition from Egocentric Video: Out of Sight, Not Out of Mindcited by 28
- 2023TEMPO: Efficient Multi-View Pose Estimation, Tracking, and Forecastingcited by 22
- 2021Tracking People by Predicting 3D Appearance, Location & Posecited by 15
12 most cited of 22 All 22 (JSON)
- 2026DETRAM: End-to-end DEtection, Tracking and Recovery of HumAn Meshes10 Jul 2026
- 2026Multi-HMR 2: Multi-Person Camera-Centric Human Detection, Mesh Recovery and Tracking12 Jun 2026
- 2024Towards Open Domain Text-Driven Synthesis of Multi-Person Motions28 May 2024
- 2024RemoCap: Disentangled Representation Learning for Motion Capture21 May 2024
- 2024SMPLer: Taming Transformers for Monocular 3D Human Shape and Pose Estimation23 Apr 2024
- 2024Spatial Cognition from Egocentric Video: Out of Sight, Not Out of Mind7 Apr 2024
- 2024PhysPT: Physics-aware Pretrained Transformer for Estimating Human Dynamics from Monocular Videos5 Apr 2024
- 2024Personalized 3D Human Pose and Shape Refinement18 Mar 2024
- 2023TEMPO: Efficient Multi-View Pose Estimation, Tracking, and Forecasting14 Sep 2023
- 2023TRACE: 5D Temporal Regression of Avatars with Dynamic Cameras in 3D Environments5 Jun 2023
- 2023Humans in 4D: Reconstructing and Tracking Humans with Transformers31 May 2023
- 2023On the Benefits of 3D Pose and Tracking for Human Action Recognition3 Apr 2023
12 newest of 22 All 22 (JSON)