4D Association Graph for Realtime Multi-person Motion Capture Using Multiple Video Cameras
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Abstract (arXiv)
This paper contributes a novel realtime multi-person motion capture algorithm using multiview video inputs. Due to the heavy occlusions in each view, joint optimization on the multiview images and multiple temporal frames is indispensable, which brings up the essential challenge of realtime efficiency. To this end, for the first time, we unify per-view parsing, cross-view matching, and temporal tracking into a single optimization framework, i.e., a 4D association graph that each dimension (image space, viewpoint and time) can be treated equally and simultaneously. To solve the 4D association graph efficiently, we further contribute the idea of 4D limb bundle parsing based on heuristic searching, followed with limb bundle assembling by proposing a bundle Kruskal's algorithm. Our method enables a realtime online motion capture system running at 30fps using 5 cameras on a 5-person scene. Benefiting from the unified parsing, matching and tracking constraints, our method is robust to noisy detection, and achieves high-quality online pose reconstruction quality. The proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art method quantitatively without using high-level appearance information. We also contribute a multiview video dataset synchronized with a marker-based motion capture system for scientific evaluation.
Key facts. Cited by 49 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 28 Feb 2020.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 12; 2022: 7; 2023: 7; 2024: 7; 2025: 9; 2026: 7.
49 papers.
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- 2022Capturing and Inferring Dense Full-Body Human-Scene Contactcited by 180
- 2021GLAMR: Global Occlusion-Aware Human Mesh Recovery with Dynamic Camerascited by 153
- 2021EgoBody: Human Body Shape and Motion of Interacting People from Head-Mounted Devicescited by 139
- 2021SPEC: Seeing People in the Wild with an Estimated Cameracited by 135
- 2021Learning Motion Priors for 4D Human Body Capture in 3D Scenescited by 98
- 2022InterCap: Joint Markerless 3D Tracking of Humans and Objects in Interactioncited by 93
- 2021DeepMultiCap: Performance Capture of Multiple Characters Using Sparse Multiview Camerascited by 67
- 2024HOI-M3:Capture Multiple Humans and Objects Interaction within Contextual Environmentcited by 53
- 2023EgoLocate: Real-time Motion Capture, Localization, and Mapping with Sparse Body-mounted Sensorscited by 48
- 2022Faster VoxelPose: Real-time 3D Human Pose Estimation by Orthographic Projectioncited by 39
- 2021Graph-Based 3D Multi-Person Pose Estimation Using Multi-View Imagescited by 38
- 2023PACE: Human and Camera Motion Estimation from in-the-wild Videoscited by 34
37 more
- 2021Lightweight Multi-person Total Motion Capture Using Sparse Multi-view Camerascited by 33
- 2024WHAC: World-grounded Humans and Camerascited by 30
- 2024Towards Open Domain Text-Driven Synthesis of Multi-Person Motionscited by 29
- 2021Dynamic Multi-Person Mesh Recovery From Uncalibrated Multi-View Camerascited by 26
- 2021Shape-aware Multi-Person Pose Estimation from Multi-View Imagescited by 24
- 2021Tracking People with 3D Representationscited by 22
- 2023TEMPO: Efficient Multi-View Pose Estimation, Tracking, and Forecastingcited by 22
- 2023Multiple View Geometry Transformers for 3D Human Pose Estimationcited by 19
- 2021Tracking People by Predicting 3D Appearance, Location & Posecited by 15
- 2025WorldPose: A World Cup Dataset for Global 3D Human Pose Estimationcited by 14
- 2025SocialGen: Modeling Multi-Human Social Interaction with Language Modelscited by 14
- 2021Part-Aware Measurement for Robust Multi-View Multi-Human 3D Pose Estimation and Trackingcited by 12
- 2026RAM: Recover Any 3D Human Motion in-the-Wildcited by 12
- 2023Delving Deep into Pixel Alignment Feature for Accurate Multi-view Human Mesh Recoverycited by 10
- 2023ProxyCap: Real-time Monocular Full-body Capture in World Space via Human-Centric Proxy-to-Motion Learningcited by 9
- 2025MV-SSM: Multi-View State Space Modeling for 3D Human Pose Estimationcited by 9
- 2022A Dual-Masked Auto-Encoder for Robust Motion Capture with Spatial-Temporal Skeletal Token Completioncited by 7
- 2024Reconstructing Close Human Interactions from Multiple Viewscited by 7
- 2024AvatarPose: Avatar-guided 3D Pose Estimation of Close Human Interaction from Sparse Multi-view Videoscited by 7
- 2025Learning from Synchronization: Self-Supervised Uncalibrated Multi-View Person Association in Challenging Scenescited by 7
- 2023A Unified Multi-view Multi-person Tracking Frameworkcited by 5
- 2022VTP: Volumetric Transformer for Multi-view Multi-person 3D Pose Estimationcited by 3
- 2024VoxelKeypointFusion: Generalizable Multi-View Multi-Person Pose Estimationcited by 3
- 2024Simultaneously Recovering Multi-Person Meshes and Multi-View Cameras with Human Semanticscited by 3
- 2025Every Angle Is Worth A Second Glance: Mining Kinematic Skeletal Structures from Multi-view Joint Cloudcited by 2
- 2025RapidPoseTriangulation: Multi-view Multi-person Whole-body Human Pose Triangulation in a Millisecondcited by 2
- 2025End-to-End Multi-Person Pose Estimation with Pose-Aware Video Transformercited by 1
- 2026COMPOSE: Hypergraph Cover Optimization for Multi-view 3D Human Pose Estimationcited by 1
- 2026JRDB-Pose3D: A Multi-person 3D Human Pose and Shape Estimation Dataset for Roboticscited by 1
- 2026Learning Context-Adaptive Motion Priors for Masked Motion Diffusion Models with Efficient Kinematic Attention Aggregationcited by 1
- 2022Unified Simulation, Perception, and Generation of Human Behaviorcited by 0
- 2022Pathway to Future Symbiotic Creativitycited by 0
- 2025MAMMA: Markerless & Automatic Multi-Person Motion Action Capturecited by 0
- 2025Physics-based Human Pose Estimation from a Single Moving RGB Cameracited by 0
- 2026Beyond Static Frames: Temporal Aggregate-and-Restore Vision Transformer for Human Pose Estimationcited by 0
- 2026TouchMap-OR: Multi-View 3D Mapping of Hand-Surface Contactscited by 0
- 2026Mesh-Aware Epipolar Matching for Multi-View Multi-Person 3D Pose Estimation in Basketballcited by 0
- 2026Mesh-Aware Epipolar Matching for Multi-View Multi-Person 3D Pose Estimation in Basketball28 May 2026
- 2026TouchMap-OR: Multi-View 3D Mapping of Hand-Surface Contacts17 May 2026
- 2026RAM: Recover Any 3D Human Motion in-the-Wild20 Mar 2026
- 2026Learning Context-Adaptive Motion Priors for Masked Motion Diffusion Models with Efficient Kinematic Attention Aggregation8 Mar 2026
- 2026Beyond Static Frames: Temporal Aggregate-and-Restore Vision Transformer for Human Pose Estimation6 Mar 2026
- 2026JRDB-Pose3D: A Multi-person 3D Human Pose and Shape Estimation Dataset for Robotics3 Feb 2026
- 2026COMPOSE: Hypergraph Cover Optimization for Multi-view 3D Human Pose Estimation14 Jan 2026
- 2025End-to-End Multi-Person Pose Estimation with Pose-Aware Video Transformer17 Nov 2025
- 2025MV-SSM: Multi-View State Space Modeling for 3D Human Pose Estimation31 Aug 2025
- 2025Physics-based Human Pose Estimation from a Single Moving RGB Camera23 Jul 2025
- 2025MAMMA: Markerless & Automatic Multi-Person Motion Action Capture16 Jun 2025
- 2025SocialGen: Modeling Multi-Human Social Interaction with Language Models28 Mar 2025
37 more
- 2025RapidPoseTriangulation: Multi-view Multi-person Whole-body Human Pose Triangulation in a Millisecond27 Mar 2025
- 2025Learning from Synchronization: Self-Supervised Uncalibrated Multi-View Person Association in Challenging Scenes17 Mar 2025
- 2025Every Angle Is Worth A Second Glance: Mining Kinematic Skeletal Structures from Multi-view Joint Cloud5 Feb 2025
- 2025WorldPose: A World Cup Dataset for Global 3D Human Pose Estimation6 Jan 2025
- 2024Simultaneously Recovering Multi-Person Meshes and Multi-View Cameras with Human Semantics25 Dec 2024
- 2024VoxelKeypointFusion: Generalizable Multi-View Multi-Person Pose Estimation24 Oct 2024
- 2024AvatarPose: Avatar-guided 3D Pose Estimation of Close Human Interaction from Sparse Multi-view Videos4 Aug 2024
- 2024Towards Open Domain Text-Driven Synthesis of Multi-Person Motions28 May 2024
- 2024HOI-M3:Capture Multiple Humans and Objects Interaction within Contextual Environment30 Mar 2024
- 2024WHAC: World-grounded Humans and Cameras19 Mar 2024
- 2024Reconstructing Close Human Interactions from Multiple Views29 Jan 2024
- 2023Multiple View Geometry Transformers for 3D Human Pose Estimation18 Nov 2023
- 2023PACE: Human and Camera Motion Estimation from in-the-wild Videos20 Oct 2023
- 2023TEMPO: Efficient Multi-View Pose Estimation, Tracking, and Forecasting14 Sep 2023
- 2023ProxyCap: Real-time Monocular Full-body Capture in World Space via Human-Centric Proxy-to-Motion Learning3 Jul 2023
- 2023EgoLocate: Real-time Motion Capture, Localization, and Mapping with Sparse Body-mounted Sensors2 May 2023
- 2023A Unified Multi-view Multi-person Tracking Framework8 Feb 2023
- 2023Delving Deep into Pixel Alignment Feature for Accurate Multi-view Human Mesh Recovery15 Jan 2023
- 2022InterCap: Joint Markerless 3D Tracking of Humans and Objects in Interaction26 Sep 2022
- 2022Pathway to Future Symbiotic Creativity18 Aug 2022
- 2022Faster VoxelPose: Real-time 3D Human Pose Estimation by Orthographic Projection22 Jul 2022
- 2022A Dual-Masked Auto-Encoder for Robust Motion Capture with Spatial-Temporal Skeletal Token Completion15 Jul 2022
- 2022Capturing and Inferring Dense Full-Body Human-Scene Contact20 Jun 2022
- 2022VTP: Volumetric Transformer for Multi-view Multi-person 3D Pose Estimation25 May 2022
- 2022Unified Simulation, Perception, and Generation of Human Behavior28 Apr 2022
- 2021EgoBody: Human Body Shape and Motion of Interacting People from Head-Mounted Devices14 Dec 2021
- 2021Tracking People by Predicting 3D Appearance, Location & Pose8 Dec 2021
- 2021GLAMR: Global Occlusion-Aware Human Mesh Recovery with Dynamic Cameras2 Dec 2021
- 2021Tracking People with 3D Representations15 Nov 2021
- 2021Dynamic Multi-Person Mesh Recovery From Uncalibrated Multi-View Cameras20 Oct 2021
- 2021Shape-aware Multi-Person Pose Estimation from Multi-View Images5 Oct 2021
- 2021SPEC: Seeing People in the Wild with an Estimated Camera1 Oct 2021
- 2021Graph-Based 3D Multi-Person Pose Estimation Using Multi-View Images13 Sep 2021
- 2021Learning Motion Priors for 4D Human Body Capture in 3D Scenes23 Aug 2021
- 2021Lightweight Multi-person Total Motion Capture Using Sparse Multi-view Cameras23 Aug 2021
- 2021Part-Aware Measurement for Robust Multi-View Multi-Human 3D Pose Estimation and Tracking22 Jun 2021
- 2021DeepMultiCap: Performance Capture of Multiple Characters Using Sparse Multiview Cameras1 May 2021
- 2022Capturing and Inferring Dense Full-Body Human-Scene Contactcited by 180
- 2021GLAMR: Global Occlusion-Aware Human Mesh Recovery with Dynamic Camerascited by 153
- 2021EgoBody: Human Body Shape and Motion of Interacting People from Head-Mounted Devicescited by 139
- 2021SPEC: Seeing People in the Wild with an Estimated Cameracited by 135
- 2021Learning Motion Priors for 4D Human Body Capture in 3D Scenescited by 98
- 2022InterCap: Joint Markerless 3D Tracking of Humans and Objects in Interactioncited by 93
- 2021DeepMultiCap: Performance Capture of Multiple Characters Using Sparse Multiview Camerascited by 67
- 2024HOI-M3:Capture Multiple Humans and Objects Interaction within Contextual Environmentcited by 53
- 2023EgoLocate: Real-time Motion Capture, Localization, and Mapping with Sparse Body-mounted Sensorscited by 48
- 2022Faster VoxelPose: Real-time 3D Human Pose Estimation by Orthographic Projectioncited by 39
- 2021Graph-Based 3D Multi-Person Pose Estimation Using Multi-View Imagescited by 38
- 2023PACE: Human and Camera Motion Estimation from in-the-wild Videoscited by 34
12 most cited of 48 All 48 (JSON)
- 2026Mesh-Aware Epipolar Matching for Multi-View Multi-Person 3D Pose Estimation in Basketball28 May 2026
- 2026TouchMap-OR: Multi-View 3D Mapping of Hand-Surface Contacts17 May 2026
- 2026RAM: Recover Any 3D Human Motion in-the-Wild20 Mar 2026
- 2026Beyond Static Frames: Temporal Aggregate-and-Restore Vision Transformer for Human Pose Estimation6 Mar 2026
- 2026JRDB-Pose3D: A Multi-person 3D Human Pose and Shape Estimation Dataset for Robotics3 Feb 2026
- 2026COMPOSE: Hypergraph Cover Optimization for Multi-view 3D Human Pose Estimation14 Jan 2026
- 2025End-to-End Multi-Person Pose Estimation with Pose-Aware Video Transformer17 Nov 2025
- 2025MV-SSM: Multi-View State Space Modeling for 3D Human Pose Estimation31 Aug 2025
- 2025Physics-based Human Pose Estimation from a Single Moving RGB Camera23 Jul 2025
- 2025MAMMA: Markerless & Automatic Multi-Person Motion Action Capture16 Jun 2025
- 2025SocialGen: Modeling Multi-Human Social Interaction with Language Models28 Mar 2025
- 2025RapidPoseTriangulation: Multi-view Multi-person Whole-body Human Pose Triangulation in a Millisecond27 Mar 2025
12 newest of 48 All 48 (JSON)