GANFIT: Generative Adversarial Network Fitting for High Fidelity 3D Face Reconstruction
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Abstract (arXiv)
In the past few years, a lot of work has been done towards reconstructing the 3D facial structure from single images by capitalizing on the power of Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (DCNNs). In the most recent works, differentiable renderers were employed in order to learn the relationship between the facial identity features and the parameters of a 3D morphable model for shape and texture. The texture features either correspond to components of a linear texture space or are learned by auto-encoders directly from in-the-wild images. In all cases, the quality of the facial texture reconstruction of the state-of-the-art methods is still not capable of modeling textures in high fidelity. In this paper, we take a radically different approach and harness the power of Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) and DCNNs in order to reconstruct the facial texture and shape from single images. That is, we utilize GANs to train a very powerful generator of facial texture in UV space. Then, we revisit the original 3D Morphable Models (3DMMs) fitting approaches making use of non-linear optimization to find the optimal latent parameters that best reconstruct the test image but under a new perspective. We optimize the parameters with the supervision of pretrained deep identity features through our end-to-end differentiable framework. We demonstrate excellent results in photorealistic and identity preserving 3D face reconstructions and achieve for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, facial texture reconstruction with high-frequency details.
Key facts. Cited by 150 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 15 Feb 2019.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 35; 2022: 35; 2023: 31; 2024: 25; 2025: 17; 2026: 7.
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- 2021Towards Real-World Blind Face Restoration with Generative Facial Priorcited by 347
- 2021I M Avatar: Implicit Morphable Head Avatars from Videoscited by 230
- 2021Neural Head Avatars from Monocular RGB Videoscited by 212
- 2022Towards Metrical Reconstruction of Human Facescited by 165
- 2021Collaborative Regression of Expressive Bodies using Moderationcited by 137
- 2022Next3D: Generative Neural Texture Rasterization for 3D-Aware Head Avatarscited by 124
- 2024Arc2Face: A Foundation Model for ID-Consistent Human Facescited by 101
- 2024SMIRK: 3D Facial Expressions through Analysis-by-Neural-Synthesiscited by 81
- 2022ClipFace: Text-guided Editing of Textured 3D Morphable Modelscited by 59
- 2022Visual Speech-Aware Perceptual 3D Facial Expression Reconstruction from Videoscited by 50
- 2021AvatarMe++: Facial Shape and BRDF Inference with Photorealistic Rendering-Aware GANscited by 49
- 2023Learning Disentangled Avatars with Hybrid 3D Representationscited by 44
38 more
- 2023A Hierarchical Representation Network for Accurate and Detailed Face Reconstruction from In-The-Wild Imagescited by 43
- 2022FFHQ-UV: Normalized Facial UV-Texture Dataset for 3D Face Reconstructioncited by 39
- 2022FDNeRF: Few-shot Dynamic Neural Radiance Fields for Face Reconstruction and Expression Editingcited by 38
- 2023FitMe: Deep Photorealistic 3D Morphable Model Avatarscited by 38
- 2021Normalized Avatar Synthesis Using StyleGAN and Perceptual Refinementcited by 36
- 2022Text and Image Guided 3D Avatar Generation and Manipulationcited by 35
- 2023MonoNPHM: Dynamic Head Reconstruction from Monocular Videoscited by 35
- 2021FaceScape: 3D Facial Dataset and Benchmark for Single-View 3D Face Reconstructioncited by 34
- 2023Relightify: Relightable 3D Faces from a Single Image via Diffusion Modelscited by 34
- 2023Instant Multi-View Head Capture through Learnable Registrationcited by 34
- 2021Fast-GANFIT: Generative Adversarial Network for High Fidelity 3D Face Reconstructioncited by 33
- 2021Deep Learning-based Face Super-Resolution: A Surveycited by 32
- 2022REALY: Rethinking the Evaluation of 3D Face Reconstructioncited by 32
- 2022Towards Racially Unbiased Skin Tone Estimation via Scene Disambiguationcited by 32
- 2021SADRNet: Self-Aligned Dual Face Regression Networks for Robust 3D Dense Face Alignment and Reconstructioncited by 27
- 2022Facial Geometric Detail Recovery via Implicit Representationcited by 27
- 2021Unsupervised Human Pose Estimation through Transforming Shape Templatescited by 26
- 2021MOST-GAN: 3D Morphable StyleGAN for Disentangled Face Image Manipulationcited by 24
- 2023HiFace: High-Fidelity 3D Face Reconstruction by Learning Static and Dynamic Detailscited by 22
- 2021Robust Model-based Face Reconstruction through Weakly-Supervised Outlier Segmentationcited by 20
- 2023Towards Realistic Generative 3D Face Modelscited by 20
- 2023InvertAvatar: Incremental GAN Inversion for Generalized Head Avatarscited by 19
- 2021Sparse to Dense Dynamic 3D Facial Expression Generationcited by 18
- 2023RaBit: Parametric Modeling of 3D Biped Cartoon Characters with a Topological-consistent Datasetcited by 18
- 2025InsTaG: Learning Personalized 3D Talking Head from Few-Second Videocited by 18
- 2021Inverting Generative Adversarial Renderer for Face Reconstructioncited by 17
- 2021Self-Supervised 3D Face Reconstruction via Conditional Estimationcited by 17
- 2022Video-driven Neural Physically-based Facial Asset for Productioncited by 17
- 20223D-FM GAN: Towards 3D-Controllable Face Manipulationcited by 17
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- 2021MeInGame: Create a Game Character Face from a Single Portraitcited by 16
- 2022Neural Parameterization for Dynamic Human Head Editingcited by 16
- 2023Single-Shot Implicit Morphable Faces with Consistent Texture Parameterizationcited by 16
- 2025Arc2Avatar: Generating Expressive 3D Avatars from a Single Image via ID Guidancecited by 16
- 2022Fine Detailed Texture Learning for 3D Meshes with Generative Modelscited by 15
- 2024PersonaTalk: Bring Attention to Your Persona in Visual Dubbingcited by 15
- 2023Implicit Neural Head Synthesis via Controllable Local Deformation Fieldscited by 14
- 2025Synthetic Prior for Few-Shot Drivable Head Avatar Inversioncited by 14
50 most cited of 150 All 150 (JSON)
- 2026FaceSnap: Real-Time Personalized Lightstage Facial Performance Capture31 Aug 2026
- 2026Monocular Avatar Reconstruction via Cascaded Diffusion Priors and UV-Space Differentiable Shading26 Jun 2026
- 2026FiCA: Feed-forward instant Gaussian Codec Avatars from a Single Portrait Image23 Jun 2026
- 2026NBAvatar: Neural Billboards Avatars with Realistic Hand-Face Interaction12 Mar 2026
- 2026SARS: A Novel Face and Body Shape and Appearance Aware 3D Reconstruction System extends Morphable Models10 Feb 2026
- 2026FaceRefiner: High-Fidelity Facial Texture Refinement with Differentiable Rendering-based Style Transfer8 Jan 2026
- 2026REFA: Real-time Egocentric Facial Animations for Virtual Reality7 Jan 2026
- 2025PercHead: Perceptual Head Model for Single-Image 3D Head Reconstruction & Editing4 Nov 2025
- 2025LSF-Animation: Label-Free Speech-Driven Facial Animation via Implicit Feature Representation23 Oct 2025
- 2025MSMA: Multi-Scale Feature Fusion For Multi-Attribute 3D Face Reconstruction From Unconstrained Images15 Sep 2025
- 2025Hierarchical MLANet: Multi-level Attention for 3D Face Reconstruction From Single Images12 Sep 2025
- 2025EAvatar: Expression-Aware Head Avatar Reconstruction with Generative Geometry Priors19 Aug 2025
38 more
- 2025High-Quality Facial Albedo Generation for 3D Face Reconstruction from a Single Image using a Coarse-to-Fine Approach16 Jun 2025
- 20253D Face Reconstruction Error Decomposed: A Modular Benchmark for Fair and Fast Method Evaluation23 May 2025
- 2025TeGA: Texture Space Gaussian Avatars for High-Resolution Dynamic Head Modeling8 May 2025
- 2025Bringing Diversity from Diffusion Models to Semantic-Guided Face Asset Generation21 Apr 2025
- 2025SpinMeRound: Consistent Multi-View Identity Generation Using Diffusion Models14 Apr 2025
- 2025MD-ProjTex: Texturing 3D Shapes with Multi-Diffusion Projection3 Apr 2025
- 2025FreeUV: Ground-Truth-Free Realistic Facial UV Texture Recovery via Cross-Assembly Inference Strategy21 Mar 2025
- 2025Electromyography-Informed Facial Expression Reconstruction for Physiological-Based Synthesis and Analysis12 Mar 2025
- 2025InsTaG: Learning Personalized 3D Talking Head from Few-Second Video27 Feb 2025
- 2025TEASER: Token Enhanced Spatial Modeling for Expressions Reconstruction16 Feb 2025
- 2025Synthetic Prior for Few-Shot Drivable Head Avatar Inversion12 Jan 2025
- 2025Arc2Avatar: Generating Expressive 3D Avatars from a Single Image via ID Guidance9 Jan 2025
- 2024FlexPose: Pose Distribution Adaptation with Limited Guidance18 Dec 2024
- 2024Learning to Decouple the Lights for 3D Face Texture Modeling11 Dec 2024
- 2024Spatio-temporal Transformers for Action Unit Classification with Event Cameras29 Oct 2024
- 2024OFER: Occluded Face Expression Reconstruction29 Oct 2024
- 2024Neuromorphic Facial Analysis with Cross-Modal Supervision16 Sep 2024
- 2024VGG-Tex: A Vivid Geometry-Guided Facial Texture Estimation Model for High Fidelity Monocular 3D Face Reconstruction15 Sep 2024
- 2024PersonaTalk: Bring Attention to Your Persona in Visual Dubbing9 Sep 2024
- 2024S2TD-Face: Reconstruct a Detailed 3D Face with Controllable Texture from a Single Sketch2 Aug 2024
- 2024High-Fidelity Facial Albedo Estimation via Texture Quantization19 Jun 2024
- 2024Topo4D: Topology-Preserving Gaussian Splatting for High-Fidelity 4D Head Capture1 Jun 2024
- 2024ID-to-3D: Expressive ID-guided 3D Heads via Score Distillation Sampling26 May 2024
- 2024UVMap-ID: A Controllable and Personalized UV Map Generative Model22 Apr 2024
- 2024Text-Driven Diverse Facial Texture Generation via Progressive Latent-Space Refinement15 Apr 2024
- 2024SMIRK: 3D Facial Expressions through Analysis-by-Neural-Synthesis5 Apr 2024
- 2024Monocular Identity-Conditioned Facial Reflectance Reconstruction30 Mar 2024
- 2024SplatFace: Gaussian Splat Face Reconstruction Leveraging an Optimizable Surface27 Mar 2024
- 2024Makeup Prior Models for 3D Facial Makeup Estimation and Applications26 Mar 2024
- 2024Make-It-Vivid: Dressing Your Animatable Biped Cartoon Characters from Text25 Mar 2024
- 2024Arc2Face: A Foundation Model for ID-Consistent Human Faces18 Mar 2024
- 20243D-aware Image Generation and Editing with Multi-modal Conditions11 Mar 2024
- 2024Learning a Generalized Physical Face Model From Data29 Feb 2024
- 2024PSAvatar: A Point-based Shape Model for Real-Time Head Avatar Animation with 3D Gaussian Splatting23 Jan 2024
- 2024UltrAvatar: A Realistic Animatable 3D Avatar Diffusion Model with Authenticity Guided Textures20 Jan 2024
- 2024Locally Adaptive Neural 3D Morphable Models5 Jan 2024
- 2024Reversing the Irreversible: A Survey on Inverse Biometrics5 Jan 2024
- 2023MonoNPHM: Dynamic Head Reconstruction from Monocular Videos11 Dec 2023
50 newest of 150 All 150 (JSON)
- 2023Relightify: Relightable 3D Faces from a Single Image via Diffusion Modelscited by 34
- 2024UltrAvatar: A Realistic Animatable 3D Avatar Diffusion Model with Authenticity Guided Texturescited by 13
- 2024UVMap-ID: A Controllable and Personalized UV Map Generative Modelcited by 7
- 2023FitDiff: Robust monocular 3D facial shape and reflectance estimation using Diffusion Modelscited by 5
- 2025SpinMeRound: Consistent Multi-View Identity Generation Using Diffusion Modelscited by 3
- 2025MD-ProjTex: Texturing 3D Shapes with Multi-Diffusion Projectioncited by 2
- 2026Monocular Avatar Reconstruction via Cascaded Diffusion Priors and UV-Space Differentiable Shadingcited by 1
- 2025Bringing Diversity from Diffusion Models to Semantic-Guided Face Asset Generationcited by 0
- 2026FiCA: Feed-forward instant Gaussian Codec Avatars from a Single Portrait Imagecited by 0
- 2026Monocular Avatar Reconstruction via Cascaded Diffusion Priors and UV-Space Differentiable Shading26 Jun 2026
- 2026FiCA: Feed-forward instant Gaussian Codec Avatars from a Single Portrait Image23 Jun 2026
- 2025Bringing Diversity from Diffusion Models to Semantic-Guided Face Asset Generation21 Apr 2025
- 2025SpinMeRound: Consistent Multi-View Identity Generation Using Diffusion Models14 Apr 2025
- 2025MD-ProjTex: Texturing 3D Shapes with Multi-Diffusion Projection3 Apr 2025
- 2024UVMap-ID: A Controllable and Personalized UV Map Generative Model22 Apr 2024
- 2024UltrAvatar: A Realistic Animatable 3D Avatar Diffusion Model with Authenticity Guided Textures20 Jan 2024
- 2023FitDiff: Robust monocular 3D facial shape and reflectance estimation using Diffusion Models7 Dec 2023
- 2023Relightify: Relightable 3D Faces from a Single Image via Diffusion Models10 May 2023
- 2021Towards Real-World Blind Face Restoration with Generative Facial Priorcited by 347
- 2021I M Avatar: Implicit Morphable Head Avatars from Videoscited by 230
- 2021Neural Head Avatars from Monocular RGB Videoscited by 212
- 2022Towards Metrical Reconstruction of Human Facescited by 165
- 2021Collaborative Regression of Expressive Bodies using Moderationcited by 137
- 2022Next3D: Generative Neural Texture Rasterization for 3D-Aware Head Avatarscited by 124
- 2024Arc2Face: A Foundation Model for ID-Consistent Human Facescited by 101
- 2024SMIRK: 3D Facial Expressions through Analysis-by-Neural-Synthesiscited by 81
- 2022ClipFace: Text-guided Editing of Textured 3D Morphable Modelscited by 59
- 2022Visual Speech-Aware Perceptual 3D Facial Expression Reconstruction from Videoscited by 50
- 2021AvatarMe++: Facial Shape and BRDF Inference with Photorealistic Rendering-Aware GANscited by 49
- 2023Learning Disentangled Avatars with Hybrid 3D Representationscited by 44
12 most cited of 141 All 141 (JSON)
- 2026FaceSnap: Real-Time Personalized Lightstage Facial Performance Capture31 Aug 2026
- 2026NBAvatar: Neural Billboards Avatars with Realistic Hand-Face Interaction12 Mar 2026
- 2026SARS: A Novel Face and Body Shape and Appearance Aware 3D Reconstruction System extends Morphable Models10 Feb 2026
- 2026FaceRefiner: High-Fidelity Facial Texture Refinement with Differentiable Rendering-based Style Transfer8 Jan 2026
- 2026REFA: Real-time Egocentric Facial Animations for Virtual Reality7 Jan 2026
- 2025PercHead: Perceptual Head Model for Single-Image 3D Head Reconstruction & Editing4 Nov 2025
- 2025LSF-Animation: Label-Free Speech-Driven Facial Animation via Implicit Feature Representation23 Oct 2025
- 2025MSMA: Multi-Scale Feature Fusion For Multi-Attribute 3D Face Reconstruction From Unconstrained Images15 Sep 2025
- 2025Hierarchical MLANet: Multi-level Attention for 3D Face Reconstruction From Single Images12 Sep 2025
- 2025EAvatar: Expression-Aware Head Avatar Reconstruction with Generative Geometry Priors19 Aug 2025
- 2025High-Quality Facial Albedo Generation for 3D Face Reconstruction from a Single Image using a Coarse-to-Fine Approach16 Jun 2025
- 20253D Face Reconstruction Error Decomposed: A Modular Benchmark for Fair and Fast Method Evaluation23 May 2025
12 newest of 141 All 141 (JSON)