Self-Supervised 3D Face Reconstruction via Conditional Estimation
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Abstract (arXiv)
We present a conditional estimation (CEST) framework to learn 3D facial parameters from 2D single-view images by self-supervised training from videos. CEST is based on the process of analysis by synthesis, where the 3D facial parameters (shape, reflectance, viewpoint, and illumination) are estimated from the face image, and then recombined to reconstruct the 2D face image. In order to learn semantically meaningful 3D facial parameters without explicit access to their labels, CEST couples the estimation of different 3D facial parameters by taking their statistical dependency into account. Specifically, the estimation of any 3D facial parameter is not only conditioned on the given image, but also on the facial parameters that have already been derived. Moreover, the reflectance symmetry and consistency among the video frames are adopted to improve the disentanglement of facial parameters. Together with a novel strategy for incorporating the reflectance symmetry and consistency, CEST can be efficiently trained with in-the-wild video clips. Both qualitative and quantitative experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of CEST.
Key facts. Cited by 17 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 30 of its 51 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 10 Oct 2021.
Builds on
30 of 51 references.
References · 30
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18 more
- 2018Nonlinear 3D Face Morphable Modelcited by 157
- 2019GANFIT: Generative Adversarial Network Fitting for High Fidelity 3D Face Reconstructioncited by 150
- 2017SfSNet: Learning Shape, Reflectance and Illuminance of Faces in the Wildcited by 110
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 1; 2022: 5; 2023: 4; 2024: 4; 2025: 2; 2026: 1.
17 papers.
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- 2023Learning Disentangled Avatars with Hybrid 3D Representationscited by 44
- 2022REALY: Rethinking the Evaluation of 3D Face Reconstructioncited by 32
- 2022Towards Racially Unbiased Skin Tone Estimation via Scene Disambiguationcited by 32
- 2021Synergy between 3DMM and 3D Landmarks for Accurate 3D Facial Geometrycited by 27
- 2022H3WB: Human3.6M 3D WholeBody Dataset and Benchmarkcited by 23
- 2023HiFace: High-Fidelity 3D Face Reconstruction by Learning Static and Dynamic Detailscited by 22
- 2022Structural Causal 3D Reconstructioncited by 12
- 2023Inverse Rendering of Translucent Objects using Physical and Neural Rendererscited by 9
- 2024Makeup Prior Models for 3D Facial Makeup Estimation and Applicationscited by 7
- 2024Universal Facial Encoding of Codec Avatars from VR Headsetscited by 7
- 2025FreeUV: Ground-Truth-Free Realistic Facial UV Texture Recovery via Cross-Assembly Inference Strategycited by 7
- 2023DSFNet: Dual Space Fusion Network for Occlusion-Robust 3D Dense Face Alignmentcited by 6
5 more
- 2024Monocular Identity-Conditioned Facial Reflectance Reconstructioncited by 5
- 2022PIFu for the Real World: A Self-supervised Framework to Reconstruct Dressed Human from Single-view Imagescited by 2
- 2024High-Fidelity Facial Albedo Estimation via Texture Quantizationcited by 2
- 2025High-Quality Facial Albedo Generation for 3D Face Reconstruction from a Single Image using a Coarse-to-Fine Approachcited by 2
- 2026XYZFlow:Scaling Multi dimensional Shortcut Flows for Efficient Generative Modelingcited by 0
- 2026XYZFlow:Scaling Multi dimensional Shortcut Flows for Efficient Generative Modeling12 Aug 2026
- 2025High-Quality Facial Albedo Generation for 3D Face Reconstruction from a Single Image using a Coarse-to-Fine Approach16 Jun 2025
- 2025FreeUV: Ground-Truth-Free Realistic Facial UV Texture Recovery via Cross-Assembly Inference Strategy21 Mar 2025
- 2024Universal Facial Encoding of Codec Avatars from VR Headsets17 Jul 2024
- 2024High-Fidelity Facial Albedo Estimation via Texture Quantization19 Jun 2024
- 2024Monocular Identity-Conditioned Facial Reflectance Reconstruction30 Mar 2024
- 2024Makeup Prior Models for 3D Facial Makeup Estimation and Applications26 Mar 2024
- 2023Learning Disentangled Avatars with Hybrid 3D Representations12 Sep 2023
- 2023DSFNet: Dual Space Fusion Network for Occlusion-Robust 3D Dense Face Alignment19 May 2023
- 2023Inverse Rendering of Translucent Objects using Physical and Neural Renderers15 May 2023
- 2023HiFace: High-Fidelity 3D Face Reconstruction by Learning Static and Dynamic Details20 Mar 2023
- 2022H3WB: Human3.6M 3D WholeBody Dataset and Benchmark28 Nov 2022
5 more
- 2022PIFu for the Real World: A Self-supervised Framework to Reconstruct Dressed Human from Single-view Images23 Aug 2022
- 2022Structural Causal 3D Reconstruction20 Jul 2022
- 2022Towards Racially Unbiased Skin Tone Estimation via Scene Disambiguation8 May 2022
- 2022REALY: Rethinking the Evaluation of 3D Face Reconstruction18 Mar 2022
- 2021Synergy between 3DMM and 3D Landmarks for Accurate 3D Facial Geometry19 Oct 2021
- 2023Learning Disentangled Avatars with Hybrid 3D Representationscited by 44
- 2022REALY: Rethinking the Evaluation of 3D Face Reconstructioncited by 32
- 2022Towards Racially Unbiased Skin Tone Estimation via Scene Disambiguationcited by 32
- 2021Synergy between 3DMM and 3D Landmarks for Accurate 3D Facial Geometrycited by 27
- 2022H3WB: Human3.6M 3D WholeBody Dataset and Benchmarkcited by 23
- 2023HiFace: High-Fidelity 3D Face Reconstruction by Learning Static and Dynamic Detailscited by 22
- 2022Structural Causal 3D Reconstructioncited by 12
- 2023Inverse Rendering of Translucent Objects using Physical and Neural Rendererscited by 9
- 2024Makeup Prior Models for 3D Facial Makeup Estimation and Applicationscited by 7
- 2024Universal Facial Encoding of Codec Avatars from VR Headsetscited by 7
- 2025FreeUV: Ground-Truth-Free Realistic Facial UV Texture Recovery via Cross-Assembly Inference Strategycited by 7
- 2023DSFNet: Dual Space Fusion Network for Occlusion-Robust 3D Dense Face Alignmentcited by 6
12 most cited of 16 All 16 (JSON)
- 2025High-Quality Facial Albedo Generation for 3D Face Reconstruction from a Single Image using a Coarse-to-Fine Approach16 Jun 2025
- 2025FreeUV: Ground-Truth-Free Realistic Facial UV Texture Recovery via Cross-Assembly Inference Strategy21 Mar 2025
- 2024Universal Facial Encoding of Codec Avatars from VR Headsets17 Jul 2024
- 2024High-Fidelity Facial Albedo Estimation via Texture Quantization19 Jun 2024
- 2024Monocular Identity-Conditioned Facial Reflectance Reconstruction30 Mar 2024
- 2024Makeup Prior Models for 3D Facial Makeup Estimation and Applications26 Mar 2024
- 2023Learning Disentangled Avatars with Hybrid 3D Representations12 Sep 2023
- 2023DSFNet: Dual Space Fusion Network for Occlusion-Robust 3D Dense Face Alignment19 May 2023
- 2023Inverse Rendering of Translucent Objects using Physical and Neural Renderers15 May 2023
- 2023HiFace: High-Fidelity 3D Face Reconstruction by Learning Static and Dynamic Details20 Mar 2023
- 2022H3WB: Human3.6M 3D WholeBody Dataset and Benchmark28 Nov 2022
- 2022PIFu for the Real World: A Self-supervised Framework to Reconstruct Dressed Human from Single-view Images23 Aug 2022
12 newest of 16 All 16 (JSON)