InsActor: Instruction-driven Physics-based Characters
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Abstract (arXiv)
Generating animation of physics-based characters with intuitive control has long been a desirable task with numerous applications. However, generating physically simulated animations that reflect high-level human instructions remains a difficult problem due to the complexity of physical environments and the richness of human language. In this paper, we present InsActor, a principled generative framework that leverages recent advancements in diffusion-based human motion models to produce instruction-driven animations of physics-based characters. Our framework empowers InsActor to capture complex relationships between high-level human instructions and character motions by employing diffusion policies for flexibly conditioned motion planning. To overcome invalid states and infeasible state transitions in planned motions, InsActor discovers low-level skills and maps plans to latent skill sequences in a compact latent space. Extensive experiments demonstrate that InsActor achieves state-of-the-art results on various tasks, including instruction-driven motion generation and instruction-driven waypoint heading. Notably, the ability of InsActor to generate physically simulated animations using high-level human instructions makes it a valuable tool, particularly in executing long-horizon tasks with a rich set of instructions.
Key facts. Cited by 24 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 32 of its 45 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 28 Dec 2023.
Builds on
32 of 45 references.
References · 32
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- 2021Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervisioncited by 33,744
- 2020Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 21,076
- 2020Denoising Diffusion Implicit Modelscited by 9,781
- 2021Diffusion Models Beat GANs on Image Synthesiscited by 8,255
- 2022Hierarchical Text-Conditional Image Generation with CLIP Latentscited by 6,585
- 2023Diffusion Policy: Visuomotor Policy Learning via Action Diffusioncited by 2,838
- 2022Human Motion Diffusion Modelcited by 1,080
- 2022Planning with Diffusion for Flexible Behavior Synthesiscited by 1,061
- 2022MotionDiffuse: Text-Driven Human Motion Generation with Diffusion Modelcited by 780
- 2021CLIPort: What and Where Pathways for Robotic Manipulationcited by 622
- 2022Is Conditional Generative Modeling all you need for Decision-Making?cited by 516
20 more
- 2020Action2Motion: Conditioned Generation of 3D Human Motionscited by 441
- 2021Brax -- A Differentiable Physics Engine for Large Scale Rigid Body Simulationcited by 407
- 2022PhysDiff: Physics-Guided Human Motion Diffusion Modelcited by 368
- 2016The KIT Motion-Language Datasetcited by 338
- 2023Imitating Human Behaviour with Diffusion Modelscited by 263
- 2021Robust Motion In-betweeningcited by 229
- 2020Language Conditioned Imitation Learning over Unstructured Datacited by 209
- 2017PoseTrack: A Benchmark for Human Pose Estimation and Trackingcited by 173
- 2023Trace and Pace: Controllable Pedestrian Animation via Guided Trajectory Diffusioncited by 138
- 2020Language-Conditioned Imitation Learning for Robot Manipulation Taskscited by 136
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- 2021Composing Pick-and-Place Tasks By Grounding Languagecited by 20
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Citing papers per year: 2024: 10; 2025: 8; 2026: 6.
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- 2024CLoSD: Closing the Loop between Simulation and Diffusion for multi-task character controlcited by 109
- 2024Large Motion Model for Unified Multi-Modal Motion Generationcited by 65
- 2024InterMask: 3D Human Interaction Generation via Collaborative Masked Modelingcited by 47
- 2024SkillMimic: Learning Basketball Interaction Skills from Demonstrationscited by 30
- 2025SimMotionEdit: Text-Based Human Motion Editing with Motion Similarity Predictioncited by 27
- 2024PACER+: On-Demand Pedestrian Animation Controller in Driving Scenarioscited by 24
- 2024PhysReaction: Physically Plausible Real-Time Humanoid Reaction Synthesis via Forward Dynamics Guided 4D Imitationcited by 18
- 2024SuperPADL: Scaling Language-Directed Physics-Based Control with Progressive Supervised Distillationcited by 17
- 2025SMP: Reusable Score-Matching Motion Priors for Physics-Based Character Controlcited by 15
- 2025PRIMAL: Physically Reactive and Interactive Motor Model for Avatar Learningcited by 14
- 2025ModSkill: Physical Character Skill Modularizationcited by 7
- 2026ARDY: Autoregressive Diffusion with Hybrid Representation for Interactive Human Motion Generationcited by 7
12 more
- 2024FreeMotion: MoCap-Free Human Motion Synthesis with Multimodal Large Language Modelscited by 6
- 2025InterAgent: Physics-based Multi-agent Command Execution via Diffusion on Interaction Graphscited by 5
- 2026Omni-Supervised Motion Editing: Balancing Change and Invariance through Positive-Negative Learningcited by 5
- 2024CrowdMoGen: Zero-Shot Text-Driven Collective Motion Generationcited by 4
- 2025SimDiff: Simulator-constrained Diffusion Model for Physically Plausible Motion Generationcited by 2
- 2026HSImul3R: Physics-in-the-Loop Reconstruction of Simulation-Ready Human-Scene Interactionscited by 2
- 2026Spatial Temporal Synergy: Balancing Change and Invariance in Text Driven 3D Human Motion Editingcited by 1
- 2024Words2Contact: Identifying Support Contacts from Verbal Instructions Using Foundation Modelscited by 0
- 2025Generating Detailed Character Motion from Blocking Posescited by 0
- 2025BRIC: Bridging Kinematic Plans and Physical Control at Test Timecited by 0
- 2026Dynamic Full-body Motion Agent with Object Interaction via Blending Pre-trained Modular Controllerscited by 0
- 2026FlowHMR: Physically Plausible Motion Capture from Videocited by 0
- 2026FlowHMR: Physically Plausible Motion Capture from Video2 Oct 2026
- 2026Spatial Temporal Synergy: Balancing Change and Invariance in Text Driven 3D Human Motion Editing17 Aug 2026
- 2026ARDY: Autoregressive Diffusion with Hybrid Representation for Interactive Human Motion Generation9 Jul 2026
- 2026Omni-Supervised Motion Editing: Balancing Change and Invariance through Positive-Negative Learning29 May 2026
- 2026Dynamic Full-body Motion Agent with Object Interaction via Blending Pre-trained Modular Controllers12 May 2026
- 2026HSImul3R: Physics-in-the-Loop Reconstruction of Simulation-Ready Human-Scene Interactions16 Mar 2026
- 2025InterAgent: Physics-based Multi-agent Command Execution via Diffusion on Interaction Graphs8 Dec 2025
- 2025SMP: Reusable Score-Matching Motion Priors for Physics-Based Character Control2 Dec 2025
- 2025BRIC: Bridging Kinematic Plans and Physical Control at Test Time25 Nov 2025
- 2025SimDiff: Simulator-constrained Diffusion Model for Physically Plausible Motion Generation25 Sep 2025
- 2025Generating Detailed Character Motion from Blocking Poses19 Sep 2025
- 2025SimMotionEdit: Text-Based Human Motion Editing with Motion Similarity Prediction23 Mar 2025
12 more
- 2025PRIMAL: Physically Reactive and Interactive Motor Model for Avatar Learning21 Mar 2025
- 2025ModSkill: Physical Character Skill Modularization19 Feb 2025
- 2024InterMask: 3D Human Interaction Generation via Collaborative Masked Modeling13 Oct 2024
- 2024CLoSD: Closing the Loop between Simulation and Diffusion for multi-task character control4 Oct 2024
- 2024SkillMimic: Learning Basketball Interaction Skills from Demonstrations12 Aug 2024
- 2024Words2Contact: Identifying Support Contacts from Verbal Instructions Using Foundation Models19 Jul 2024
- 2024SuperPADL: Scaling Language-Directed Physics-Based Control with Progressive Supervised Distillation15 Jul 2024
- 2024CrowdMoGen: Zero-Shot Text-Driven Collective Motion Generation8 Jul 2024
- 2024FreeMotion: MoCap-Free Human Motion Synthesis with Multimodal Large Language Models15 Jun 2024
- 2024PACER+: On-Demand Pedestrian Animation Controller in Driving Scenarios30 Apr 2024
- 2024Large Motion Model for Unified Multi-Modal Motion Generation1 Apr 2024
- 2024PhysReaction: Physically Plausible Real-Time Humanoid Reaction Synthesis via Forward Dynamics Guided 4D Imitation1 Apr 2024
- 2024CLoSD: Closing the Loop between Simulation and Diffusion for multi-task character controlcited by 109
- 2025SimDiff: Simulator-constrained Diffusion Model for Physically Plausible Motion Generationcited by 2
- 2025Generating Detailed Character Motion from Blocking Posescited by 0
- 2025BRIC: Bridging Kinematic Plans and Physical Control at Test Timecited by 0
- 2025BRIC: Bridging Kinematic Plans and Physical Control at Test Time25 Nov 2025
- 2025SimDiff: Simulator-constrained Diffusion Model for Physically Plausible Motion Generation25 Sep 2025
- 2025Generating Detailed Character Motion from Blocking Poses19 Sep 2025
- 2024CLoSD: Closing the Loop between Simulation and Diffusion for multi-task character control4 Oct 2024
- 2024Large Motion Model for Unified Multi-Modal Motion Generationcited by 65
- 2024InterMask: 3D Human Interaction Generation via Collaborative Masked Modelingcited by 47
- 2025SimMotionEdit: Text-Based Human Motion Editing with Motion Similarity Predictioncited by 27
- 2024PACER+: On-Demand Pedestrian Animation Controller in Driving Scenarioscited by 24
- 2024PhysReaction: Physically Plausible Real-Time Humanoid Reaction Synthesis via Forward Dynamics Guided 4D Imitationcited by 18
- 2025PRIMAL: Physically Reactive and Interactive Motor Model for Avatar Learningcited by 14
- 2026ARDY: Autoregressive Diffusion with Hybrid Representation for Interactive Human Motion Generationcited by 7
- 2025InterAgent: Physics-based Multi-agent Command Execution via Diffusion on Interaction Graphscited by 5
- 2026Omni-Supervised Motion Editing: Balancing Change and Invariance through Positive-Negative Learningcited by 5
- 2024CrowdMoGen: Zero-Shot Text-Driven Collective Motion Generationcited by 4
- 2026HSImul3R: Physics-in-the-Loop Reconstruction of Simulation-Ready Human-Scene Interactionscited by 2
- 2026Spatial Temporal Synergy: Balancing Change and Invariance in Text Driven 3D Human Motion Editingcited by 1
12 most cited of 14 All 14 (JSON)
- 2026FlowHMR: Physically Plausible Motion Capture from Video2 Oct 2026
- 2026Spatial Temporal Synergy: Balancing Change and Invariance in Text Driven 3D Human Motion Editing17 Aug 2026
- 2026ARDY: Autoregressive Diffusion with Hybrid Representation for Interactive Human Motion Generation9 Jul 2026
- 2026Omni-Supervised Motion Editing: Balancing Change and Invariance through Positive-Negative Learning29 May 2026
- 2026Dynamic Full-body Motion Agent with Object Interaction via Blending Pre-trained Modular Controllers12 May 2026
- 2026HSImul3R: Physics-in-the-Loop Reconstruction of Simulation-Ready Human-Scene Interactions16 Mar 2026
- 2025InterAgent: Physics-based Multi-agent Command Execution via Diffusion on Interaction Graphs8 Dec 2025
- 2025SimMotionEdit: Text-Based Human Motion Editing with Motion Similarity Prediction23 Mar 2025
- 2025PRIMAL: Physically Reactive and Interactive Motor Model for Avatar Learning21 Mar 2025
- 2024InterMask: 3D Human Interaction Generation via Collaborative Masked Modeling13 Oct 2024
- 2024CrowdMoGen: Zero-Shot Text-Driven Collective Motion Generation8 Jul 2024
- 2024PACER+: On-Demand Pedestrian Animation Controller in Driving Scenarios30 Apr 2024
12 newest of 14 All 14 (JSON)
Similar, not cited
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- 2024PDP: Physics-Based Character Animation via Diffusion Policy
- 2025Scalable Motion In-betweening via Diffusion and Physics-Based Character Adaptation
- 2023PADL: Language-Directed Physics-Based Character Control
- 2024Human-Object Interaction from Human-Level Instructions
- 2024Autonomous Character-Scene Interaction Synthesis from Text Instruction
- 2024Physics-based Scene Layout Generation from Human Motion
- 2026Training and Benchmarking Code Generation for Physics-Inspired Animations
- 2024Generation of Complex 3D Human Motion by Temporal and Spatial Composition of Diffusion Models