FreeMotion: MoCap-Free Human Motion Synthesis with Multimodal Large Language Models
On the map: Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models → Video understanding with MLLMs
Abstract (arXiv)
Human motion synthesis is a fundamental task in computer animation. Despite recent progress in this field utilizing deep learning and motion capture data, existing methods are always limited to specific motion categories, environments, and styles. This poor generalizability can be partially attributed to the difficulty and expense of collecting large-scale and high-quality motion data. At the same time, foundation models trained with internet-scale image and text data have demonstrated surprising world knowledge and reasoning ability for various downstream tasks. Utilizing these foundation models may help with human motion synthesis, which some recent works have superficially explored. However, these methods didn't fully unveil the foundation models' potential for this task and only support several simple actions and environments. In this paper, we for the first time, without any motion data, explore open-set human motion synthesis using natural language instructions as user control signals based on MLLMs across any motion task and environment. Our framework can be split into two stages: 1) sequential keyframe generation by utilizing MLLMs as a keyframe designer and animator; 2) motion filling between keyframes through interpolation and motion tracking. Our method can achieve general human motion synthesis for many downstream tasks. The promising results demonstrate the worth of mocap-free human motion synthesis aided by MLLMs and pave the way for future research.
Key facts. Cited by 6 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Video understanding with MLLMs, one of 16 directions in Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models. Builds on 39 of its 56 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 15 Jun 2024.
Builds on
39 of 56 references.
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27 more
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Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2024: 1; 2025: 1; 2026: 4.
6 papers.
- 2024The Language of Motion: Unifying Verbal and Non-verbal Language of 3D Human Motioncited by 46
- 2025From Generated Human Videos to Physically Plausible Robot Trajectoriescited by 5
- 2026Humanoid-GPT: Scaling Data and Structure for Zero-Shot Motion Trackingcited by 4
- 2026CLUTCH: Contextualized Language model for Unlocking Text-Conditioned Hand motion modelling in the wildcited by 1
- 2026Training-free Controllable Human Motion Generation under Heterogeneous Constraintscited by 0
- 2026HumanTracker: Towards Comprehensive and Human-Aligned Motion Tracking Benchmarkcited by 0
- 2026HumanTracker: Towards Comprehensive and Human-Aligned Motion Tracking Benchmark13 Aug 2026
- 2026Training-free Controllable Human Motion Generation under Heterogeneous Constraints2 Jul 2026
- 2026Humanoid-GPT: Scaling Data and Structure for Zero-Shot Motion Tracking2 Jun 2026
- 2026CLUTCH: Contextualized Language model for Unlocking Text-Conditioned Hand motion modelling in the wild19 Feb 2026
- 2025From Generated Human Videos to Physically Plausible Robot Trajectories4 Dec 2025
- 2024The Language of Motion: Unifying Verbal and Non-verbal Language of 3D Human Motion13 Dec 2024
Similar, not cited
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- 2022Pretrained Diffusion Models for Unified Human Motion Synthesis
- 2023Make-An-Animation: Large-Scale Text-conditional 3D Human Motion Generation
- 2023Motion Flow Matching for Human Motion Synthesis and Editing
- 2024Autonomous Character-Scene Interaction Synthesis from Text Instruction
- 2023DiverseMotion: Towards Diverse Human Motion Generation via Discrete Diffusion
- 2026MoSAT: Human Motion Generation from Spatial Audio and Textual Description
- 2025UniHM: Universal Human Motion Generation with Object Interactions in Indoor Scenes
- 2025OmniMotion-X: Versatile Multimodal Whole-Body Motion Generation