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KAMA: 3D Keypoint Aware Body Mesh Articulation

arXiv 2104.13502 ↗First posted 27 Apr 2021cs.CVcited by 27

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Abstract (arXiv)

We present KAMA, a 3D Keypoint Aware Mesh Articulation approach that allows us to estimate a human body mesh from the positions of 3D body keypoints. To this end, we learn to estimate 3D positions of 26 body keypoints and propose an analytical solution to articulate a parametric body model, SMPL, via a set of straightforward geometric transformations. Since keypoint estimation directly relies on image clues, our approach offers significantly better alignment to image content when compared to state-of-the-art approaches. Our proposed approach does not require any paired mesh annotations and is able to achieve state-of-the-art mesh fittings through 3D keypoint regression only. Results on the challenging 3DPW and Human3.6M demonstrate that our approach yields state-of-the-art body mesh fittings.

Key facts. Cited by 27 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 59 of its 81 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 27 Apr 2021.

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59 of 81 references.

References · 59

  1. 2014Microsoft COCO: Common Objects in Contextcited by 17,498
  2. 2019Expressive Body Capture: 3D Hands, Face, and Body from a Single Imagecited by 1,600
  3. 2019Deep High-Resolution Representation Learning for Human Pose Estimationcited by 1,339
  4. 2019AMASS: Archive of Motion Capture as Surface Shapescited by 1,208
  5. 2018OpenPose: Realtime Multi-Person 2D Pose Estimation using Part Affinity Fieldscited by 1,161
  6. 2017End-to-end Recovery of Human Shape and Posecited by 883
  7. 2016Keep it SMPL: Automatic Estimation of 3D Human Pose and Shape from a Single Imagecited by 692
  8. 2019Learning to Reconstruct 3D Human Pose and Shape via Model-fitting in the Loopcited by 625
  9. 2019VIBE: Video Inference for Human Body Pose and Shape Estimationcited by 615
  10. 2018DensePose: Dense Human Pose Estimation In The Wildcited by 573
  11. 2016Monocular 3D Human Pose Estimation In The Wild Using Improved CNN Supervisioncited by 493
  12. 2017A simple yet effective baseline for 3d human pose estimationcited by 401
38 more
  1. 20183D human pose estimation in video with temporal convolutions and semi-supervised trainingcited by 401
  2. 2017Learning from Synthetic Humanscited by 358
  3. 2020I2L-MeshNet: Image-to-Lixel Prediction Network for Accurate 3D Human Pose and Mesh Estimation from a Single RGB Imagecited by 274
  4. 2019Convolutional Mesh Regression for Single-Image Human Shape Reconstructioncited by 270
  5. 2017Integral Human Pose Regressioncited by 255
  6. 2020Pose2Mesh: Graph Convolutional Network for 3D Human Pose and Mesh Recovery from a 2D Human Posecited by 248
  7. 2018Total Capture: A 3D Deformation Model for Tracking Faces, Hands, and Bodiescited by 239
  8. 2018Learning to Estimate 3D Human Pose and Shape from a Single Color Imagecited by 226
  9. 2016Coarse-to-Fine Volumetric Prediction for Single-Image 3D Human Posecited by 220
  10. 2017Unite the People: Closing the Loop Between 3D and 2D Human Representationscited by 205
  11. 2018Monocular Total Capture: Posing Face, Body, and Hands in the Wildcited by 162
  12. 2020Monocular Expressive Body Regression through Body-Driven Attentioncited by 155
  13. 2017VNect: Real-time 3D Human Pose Estimation with a Single RGB Cameracited by 129
  14. 2017Compositional Human Pose Regressioncited by 124
  15. 2017Towards 3D Human Pose Estimation in the Wild: a Weakly-supervised Approachcited by 114
  16. 20163D Human Pose Estimation = 2D Pose Estimation + Matchingcited by 112
  17. 2018Ordinal Depth Supervision for 3D Human Pose Estimationcited by 107
  18. 20182D/3D Pose Estimation and Action Recognition using Multitask Deep Learningcited by 103
  19. 2019Self-Supervised Learning of 3D Human Pose using Multi-view Geometrycited by 98
  20. 2019Unsupervised 3D Pose Estimation with Geometric Self-Supervisioncited by 95
  21. 2020Weakly Supervised 3D Human Pose and Shape Reconstruction with Normalizing Flowscited by 94
  22. 2019Human Mesh Recovery from Monocular Images via a Skeleton-disentangled Representationcited by 87
  23. 2019RepNet: Weakly Supervised Training of an Adversarial Reprojection Network for 3D Human Pose Estimationcited by 85
  24. 2020Synthetic Training for Accurate 3D Human Pose and Shape Estimation in the Wildcited by 82
  25. 2020Human Body Model Fitting by Learned Gradient Descentcited by 81
  26. 20163D Human Pose Estimation from a Single Image via Distance Matrix Regressioncited by 73
  27. 2017Lifting from the Deep: Convolutional 3D Pose Estimation from a Single Imagecited by 73
  28. 2018Learning Monocular 3D Human Pose Estimation from Multi-view Imagescited by 70
  29. 2020Weakly-Supervised 3D Human Pose Learning via Multi-view Images in the Wildcited by 66
  30. 2019C3DPO: Canonical 3D Pose Networks for Non-Rigid Structure From Motioncited by 60
  31. 2019TexturePose: Supervising Human Mesh Estimation with Texture Consistencycited by 53
  32. 2019HEMlets Pose: Learning Part-Centric Heatmap Triplets for Accurate 3D Human Pose Estimationcited by 50
  33. 2017Harvesting Multiple Views for Marker-less 3D Human Pose Annotationscited by 48
  34. 2018Can 3D Pose be Learned from 2D Projections Alone?cited by 44
  35. 2020Self-Supervised 3D Human Pose Estimation via Part Guided Novel Image Synthesiscited by 44
  36. 2016Structured Prediction of 3D Human Pose with Deep Neural Networkscited by 43
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  38. 2019Delving Deep Into Hybrid Annotations for 3D Human Recovery in the Wildcited by 38

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2021: 3; 2022: 5; 2023: 8; 2024: 7; 2025: 3; 2026: 1.

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  1. 2023Motion-X: A Large-scale 3D Expressive Whole-body Human Motion Datasetcited by 220
  2. 2021GLAMR: Global Occlusion-Aware Human Mesh Recovery with Dynamic Camerascited by 151
  3. 2022Recovering 3D Human Mesh from Monocular Images: A Surveycited by 103
  4. 2021Physics-based Human Motion Estimation and Synthesis from Videoscited by 65
  5. 2023HybrIK-X: Hybrid Analytical-Neural Inverse Kinematics for Whole-body Mesh Recoverycited by 48
  6. 2023NIKI: Neural Inverse Kinematics with Invertible Neural Networks for 3D Human Pose and Shape Estimationcited by 45
  7. 2023PACE: Human and Camera Motion Estimation from in-the-wild Videoscited by 33
  8. 2024PACER+: On-Demand Pedestrian Animation Controller in Driving Scenarioscited by 24
  9. 2022PLIKS: A Pseudo-Linear Inverse Kinematic Solver for 3D Human Body Estimationcited by 18
  10. 2024COIN: Control-Inpainting Diffusion Prior for Human and Camera Motion Estimationcited by 15
  11. 2025WorldPose: A World Cup Dataset for Global 3D Human Pose Estimationcited by 13
  12. 2022RANA: Relightable Articulated Neural Avatarscited by 12
15 more
  1. 2023SC3K: Self-supervised and Coherent 3D Keypoints Estimation from Rotated, Noisy, and Decimated Point Cloud Datacited by 9
  2. 2022Articulated 3D Human-Object Interactions from RGB Videos: An Empirical Analysis of Approaches and Challengescited by 8
  3. 2024MeshPose: Unifying DensePose and 3D Body Mesh reconstructioncited by 8
  4. 2023KBody: Towards general, robust, and aligned monocular whole-body estimationcited by 6
  5. 2026SOMA: Unifying Parametric Human Body Modelscited by 6
  6. 2023GloPro: Globally-Consistent Uncertainty-Aware 3D Human Pose Estimation & Tracking in the Wildcited by 5
  7. 2022NeMo: 3D Neural Motion Fields from Multiple Video Instances of the Same Actioncited by 2
  8. 2025Learnable SMPLify: A Neural Solution for Optimization-Free Human Pose Inverse Kinematicscited by 2
  9. 2021HPRNet: Hierarchical Point Regression for Whole-Body Human Pose Estimationcited by 1
  10. 2024PAFUSE: Part-based Diffusion for 3D Whole-Body Pose Estimationcited by 1
  11. 2024Motion Diffusion-Guided 3D Global HMR from a Dynamic Cameracited by 1
  12. 2023Enhanced Spatio-Temporal Context for Temporally Consistent Robust 3D Human Motion Recovery from Monocular Videoscited by 0
  13. 2024Multi-RoI Human Mesh Recovery with Camera Consistency and Contrastive Lossescited by 0
  14. 2024RemoCap: Disentangled Representation Learning for Motion Capturecited by 0
  15. 2025LieHMR: Autoregressive Human Mesh Recovery with SO(3) Diffusioncited by 0