Weakly-Supervised 3D Human Pose Learning via Multi-view Images in the Wild
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Abstract (arXiv)
One major challenge for monocular 3D human pose estimation in-the-wild is the acquisition of training data that contains unconstrained images annotated with accurate 3D poses. In this paper, we address this challenge by proposing a weakly-supervised approach that does not require 3D annotations and learns to estimate 3D poses from unlabeled multi-view data, which can be acquired easily in in-the-wild environments. We propose a novel end-to-end learning framework that enables weakly-supervised training using multi-view consistency. Since multi-view consistency is prone to degenerated solutions, we adopt a 2.5D pose representation and propose a novel objective function that can only be minimized when the predictions of the trained model are consistent and plausible across all camera views. We evaluate our proposed approach on two large scale datasets (Human3.6M and MPII-INF-3DHP) where it achieves state-of-the-art performance among semi-/weakly-supervised methods.
Key facts. Cited by 66 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 17 Mar 2020.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 31; 2022: 19; 2023: 10; 2024: 5; 2025: 1.
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- 2021GLAMR: Global Occlusion-Aware Human Mesh Recovery with Dynamic Camerascited by 151
- 2021SPEC: Seeing People in the Wild with an Estimated Cameracited by 134
- 2021Physics-based Human Motion Estimation and Synthesis from Videoscited by 65
- 2021Conditional Directed Graph Convolution for 3D Human Pose Estimationcited by 52
- 2021THUNDR: Transformer-based 3D HUmaN Reconstruction with Markerscited by 50
- 2021Watch It Move: Unsupervised Discovery of 3D Joints for Re-Posing of Articulated Objectscited by 50
- 2021Recent Advances in Monocular 2D and 3D Human Pose Estimation: A Deep Learning Perspectivecited by 49
- 2023Human Pose as Compositional Tokenscited by 45
- 2021Multi-View Multi-Person 3D Pose Estimation with Plane Sweep Stereocited by 38
- 2021ElePose: Unsupervised 3D Human Pose Estimation by Predicting Camera Elevation and Learning Normalizing Flows on 2D Posescited by 35
- 2022Estimating Egocentric 3D Human Pose in the Wild with External Weak Supervisioncited by 33
- 2023PACE: Human and Camera Motion Estimation from in-the-wild Videoscited by 33
38 more
- 2021AdaptPose: Cross-Dataset Adaptation for 3D Human Pose Estimation by Learnable Motion Generationcited by 32
- 2021Weakly-Supervised Physically Unconstrained Gaze Estimationcited by 28
- 2021KAMA: 3D Keypoint Aware Body Mesh Articulationcited by 27
- 2022Uncertainty-Aware Adaptation for Self-Supervised 3D Human Pose Estimationcited by 25
- 2022PoseTriplet: Co-evolving 3D Human Pose Estimation, Imitation, and Hallucination under Self-supervisioncited by 25
- 2022H3WB: Human3.6M 3D WholeBody Dataset and Benchmarkcited by 23
- 2022HUM3DIL: Semi-supervised Multi-modal 3D Human Pose Estimation for Autonomous Drivingcited by 22
- 2021Improving Robustness and Accuracy via Relative Information Encoding in 3D Human Pose Estimationcited by 18
- 2022PLIKS: A Pseudo-Linear Inverse Kinematic Solver for 3D Human Body Estimationcited by 18
- 2024COIN: Control-Inpainting Diffusion Prior for Human and Camera Motion Estimationcited by 15
- 2021Weakly-supervised 3D Human Pose Estimation with Cross-view U-shaped Graph Convolutional Networkcited by 13
- 2021MetaPose: Fast 3D Pose from Multiple Views without 3D Supervisioncited by 12
- 2021Weakly Supervised Training of Monocular 3D Object Detectors Using Wide Baseline Multi-view Traffic Camera Datacited by 11
- 20223DGazeNet: Generalizing Gaze Estimation with Weak-Supervision from Synthetic Viewscited by 11
- 2021Everybody Is Unique: Towards Unbiased Human Mesh Recoverycited by 10
- 2022On Triangulation as a Form of Self-Supervision for 3D Human Pose Estimationcited by 10
- 2022BKinD-3D: Self-Supervised 3D Keypoint Discovery from Multi-View Videoscited by 10
- 2021Conditional Temporal Variational AutoEncoder for Action Video Predictioncited by 9
- 2023Self-supervised 3D Human Pose Estimation from a Single Imagecited by 8
- 2023HaMuCo: Hand Pose Estimation via Multiview Collaborative Self-Supervised Learningcited by 7
- 2023FreeMan: Towards Benchmarking 3D Human Pose Estimation under Real-World Conditionscited by 7
- 2022NIMBLE: A Non-rigid Hand Model with Bones and Musclescited by 6
- 20223D Human Pose Estimation Using M"obius Graph Convolutional Networkscited by 6
- 2022Non-Local Latent Relation Distillation for Self-Adaptive 3D Human Pose Estimationcited by 6
- 2023CameraPose: Weakly-Supervised Monocular 3D Human Pose Estimation by Leveraging In-the-wild 2D Annotationscited by 6
- 2023Human Pose-based Estimation, Tracking and Action Recognition with Deep Learning: A Surveycited by 6
- 2021Motion Projection Consistency Based 3D Human Pose Estimation with Virtual Bones from Monocular Videoscited by 5
- 2022Enhancing Egocentric 3D Pose Estimation with Third Person Viewscited by 5
- 2022Aligning Silhouette Topology for Self-Adaptive 3D Human Pose Recoverycited by 5
- 2021Learning Temporal 3D Human Pose Estimation with Pseudo-Labelscited by 4
- 2021Lifting 2D Human Pose to 3D with Domain Adapted 3D Body Conceptcited by 4
- 2021PoseKernelLifter: Metric Lifting of 3D Human Pose using Soundcited by 4
- 2024HaLo-NeRF: Learning Geometry-Guided Semantics for Exploring Unconstrained Photo Collectionscited by 4
- 2024Human Modelling and Pose Estimation Overviewcited by 4
- 2021SVMAC: Unsupervised 3D Human Pose Estimation from a Single Image with Single-view-multi-angle Consistencycited by 3
- 2021Learning Local Recurrent Models for Human Mesh Recoverycited by 3
- 2021Estimation of 3D Human Pose Using Prior Knowledgecited by 2
- 2021TriPose: A Weakly-Supervised 3D Human Pose Estimation via Triangulation from Videocited by 2
50 most cited of 66 All 66 (JSON)
- 2025Unsupervised Monocular 3D Keypoint Discovery from Multi-View Diffusion Priors16 Jul 2025
- 2024COIN: Control-Inpainting Diffusion Prior for Human and Camera Motion Estimation29 Aug 2024
- 2024Human Modelling and Pose Estimation Overview27 Jun 2024
- 2024Cross-Domain Knowledge Distillation for Low-Resolution Human Pose Estimation19 May 2024
- 2024Occlusion Resilient 3D Human Pose Estimation16 Feb 2024
- 2024HaLo-NeRF: Learning Geometry-Guided Semantics for Exploring Unconstrained Photo Collections14 Feb 2024
- 2023Two Views Are Better than One: Monocular 3D Pose Estimation with Multiview Consistency21 Nov 2023
- 2023PACE: Human and Camera Motion Estimation from in-the-wild Videos20 Oct 2023
- 2023Human Pose-based Estimation, Tracking and Action Recognition with Deep Learning: A Survey19 Oct 2023
- 20233DHR-Co: A Collaborative Test-time Refinement Framework for In-the-Wild 3D Human-Body Reconstruction Task2 Oct 2023
- 2023FreeMan: Towards Benchmarking 3D Human Pose Estimation under Real-World Conditions10 Sep 2023
- 2023Mirror-Aware Neural Humans9 Sep 2023
38 more
- 2023Self-supervised 3D Human Pose Estimation from a Single Image5 Apr 2023
- 2023Human Pose as Compositional Tokens21 Mar 2023
- 2023HaMuCo: Hand Pose Estimation via Multiview Collaborative Self-Supervised Learning2 Feb 2023
- 2023CameraPose: Weakly-Supervised Monocular 3D Human Pose Estimation by Leveraging In-the-wild 2D Annotations8 Jan 2023
- 2022NeMo: 3D Neural Motion Fields from Multiple Video Instances of the Same Action28 Dec 2022
- 2022HUM3DIL: Semi-supervised Multi-modal 3D Human Pose Estimation for Autonomous Driving15 Dec 2022
- 2022BKinD-3D: Self-Supervised 3D Keypoint Discovery from Multi-View Videos14 Dec 2022
- 20223DGazeNet: Generalizing Gaze Estimation with Weak-Supervision from Synthetic Views6 Dec 2022
- 2022H3WB: Human3.6M 3D WholeBody Dataset and Benchmark28 Nov 2022
- 2022Unsupervised 3D Keypoint Discovery with Multi-View Geometry23 Nov 2022
- 2022PLIKS: A Pseudo-Linear Inverse Kinematic Solver for 3D Human Body Estimation21 Nov 2022
- 2022Decanus to Legatus: Synthetic training for 2D-3D human pose lifting5 Oct 2022
- 2022Mutual Adaptive Reasoning for Monocular 3D Multi-Person Pose Estimation16 Jul 2022
- 2022Unified Simulation, Perception, and Generation of Human Behavior28 Apr 2022
- 2022Non-Local Latent Relation Distillation for Self-Adaptive 3D Human Pose Estimation5 Apr 2022
- 2022Aligning Silhouette Topology for Self-Adaptive 3D Human Pose Recovery4 Apr 2022
- 2022On Triangulation as a Form of Self-Supervision for 3D Human Pose Estimation29 Mar 2022
- 2022PoseTriplet: Co-evolving 3D Human Pose Estimation, Imitation, and Hallucination under Self-supervision29 Mar 2022
- 2022Uncertainty-Aware Adaptation for Self-Supervised 3D Human Pose Estimation29 Mar 2022
- 20223D Human Pose Estimation Using M"obius Graph Convolutional Networks20 Mar 2022
- 2022NIMBLE: A Non-rigid Hand Model with Bones and Muscles9 Feb 2022
- 2022Estimating Egocentric 3D Human Pose in the Wild with External Weak Supervision20 Jan 2022
- 2022Enhancing Egocentric 3D Pose Estimation with Third Person Views6 Jan 2022
- 2021AdaptPose: Cross-Dataset Adaptation for 3D Human Pose Estimation by Learnable Motion Generation22 Dec 2021
- 2021Watch It Move: Unsupervised Discovery of 3D Joints for Re-Posing of Articulated Objects21 Dec 2021
- 2021ElePose: Unsupervised 3D Human Pose Estimation by Predicting Camera Elevation and Learning Normalizing Flows on 2D Poses14 Dec 2021
- 2021GLAMR: Global Occlusion-Aware Human Mesh Recovery with Dynamic Cameras2 Dec 2021
- 2021PoseKernelLifter: Metric Lifting of 3D Human Pose using Sound1 Dec 2021
- 2021Lifting 2D Human Pose to 3D with Domain Adapted 3D Body Concept23 Nov 2021
- 2021High Fidelity 3D Reconstructions with Limited Physical Views22 Oct 2021
- 2021Weakly Supervised Training of Monocular 3D Object Detectors Using Wide Baseline Multi-view Traffic Camera Data21 Oct 2021
- 2021Learning Temporal 3D Human Pose Estimation with Pseudo-Labels14 Oct 2021
- 2021SPEC: Seeing People in the Wild with an Estimated Camera1 Oct 2021
- 2021Physics-based Human Motion Estimation and Synthesis from Videos21 Sep 2021
- 2021Semi-supervised Dense Keypoints Using Unlabeled Multiview Images20 Sep 2021
- 2021Occlusion-Invariant Rotation-Equivariant Semi-Supervised Depth Based Cross-View Gait Pose Estimation3 Sep 2021
- 2021Conditional Temporal Variational AutoEncoder for Action Video Prediction12 Aug 2021
- 2021MetaPose: Fast 3D Pose from Multiple Views without 3D Supervision10 Aug 2021
50 newest of 66 All 66 (JSON)
- 2021GLAMR: Global Occlusion-Aware Human Mesh Recovery with Dynamic Camerascited by 151
- 2021SPEC: Seeing People in the Wild with an Estimated Cameracited by 134
- 2021Physics-based Human Motion Estimation and Synthesis from Videoscited by 65
- 2021Conditional Directed Graph Convolution for 3D Human Pose Estimationcited by 52
- 2021THUNDR: Transformer-based 3D HUmaN Reconstruction with Markerscited by 50
- 2021Watch It Move: Unsupervised Discovery of 3D Joints for Re-Posing of Articulated Objectscited by 50
- 2021Recent Advances in Monocular 2D and 3D Human Pose Estimation: A Deep Learning Perspectivecited by 49
- 2023Human Pose as Compositional Tokenscited by 45
- 2021Multi-View Multi-Person 3D Pose Estimation with Plane Sweep Stereocited by 38
- 2021ElePose: Unsupervised 3D Human Pose Estimation by Predicting Camera Elevation and Learning Normalizing Flows on 2D Posescited by 35
- 2022Estimating Egocentric 3D Human Pose in the Wild with External Weak Supervisioncited by 33
- 2023PACE: Human and Camera Motion Estimation from in-the-wild Videoscited by 33
12 most cited of 64 All 64 (JSON)
- 2024Human Modelling and Pose Estimation Overview27 Jun 2024
- 2024Cross-Domain Knowledge Distillation for Low-Resolution Human Pose Estimation19 May 2024
- 2024Occlusion Resilient 3D Human Pose Estimation16 Feb 2024
- 2024HaLo-NeRF: Learning Geometry-Guided Semantics for Exploring Unconstrained Photo Collections14 Feb 2024
- 2023Two Views Are Better than One: Monocular 3D Pose Estimation with Multiview Consistency21 Nov 2023
- 2023PACE: Human and Camera Motion Estimation from in-the-wild Videos20 Oct 2023
- 2023Human Pose-based Estimation, Tracking and Action Recognition with Deep Learning: A Survey19 Oct 2023
- 20233DHR-Co: A Collaborative Test-time Refinement Framework for In-the-Wild 3D Human-Body Reconstruction Task2 Oct 2023
- 2023FreeMan: Towards Benchmarking 3D Human Pose Estimation under Real-World Conditions10 Sep 2023
- 2023Mirror-Aware Neural Humans9 Sep 2023
- 2023Self-supervised 3D Human Pose Estimation from a Single Image5 Apr 2023
- 2023Human Pose as Compositional Tokens21 Mar 2023
12 newest of 64 All 64 (JSON)