X2Face: A network for controlling face generation by using images, audio, and pose codes
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Abstract (arXiv)
The objective of this paper is a neural network model that controls the pose and expression of a given face, using another face or modality (e.g. audio). This model can then be used for lightweight, sophisticated video and image editing. We make the following three contributions. First, we introduce a network, X2Face, that can control a source face (specified by one or more frames) using another face in a driving frame to produce a generated frame with the identity of the source frame but the pose and expression of the face in the driving frame. Second, we propose a method for training the network fully self-supervised using a large collection of video data. Third, we show that the generation process can be driven by other modalities, such as audio or pose codes, without any further training of the network. The generation results for driving a face with another face are compared to state-of-the-art self-supervised/supervised methods. We show that our approach is more robust than other methods, as it makes fewer assumptions about the input data. We also show examples of using our framework for video face editing.
Key facts. Cited by 189 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 27 Jul 2018.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 52; 2022: 43; 2023: 42; 2024: 31; 2025: 15; 2026: 6.
189 papers.
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- 2021Pose-Controllable Talking Face Generation by Implicitly Modularized Audio-Visual Representationcited by 288
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- 2022StyleHEAT: One-Shot High-Resolution Editable Talking Face Generation via Pre-trained StyleGANcited by 169
38 more
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50 most cited of 189 All 189 (JSON)
- 2026Generative Learning as a Tool to Improve Perception of Emotional Body Motion Expressions27 Jun 2026
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- 2026Motion Manipulation via Unsupervised Keypoint Positioning in Face Animation4 Mar 2026
- 2025LiveNeRF: Efficient Face Replacement Through Neural Radiance Fields Integration10 Nov 2025
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- 2025Advancing Talking Head Generation: A Comprehensive Survey of Multi-Modal Methodologies, Datasets, Evaluation Metrics, and Loss Functions23 Jun 2025
38 more
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- 2025Refined Geometry-guided Head Avatar Reconstruction from Monocular RGB Video27 Mar 2025
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- 2024S^3D-NeRF: Single-Shot Speech-Driven Neural Radiance Field for High Fidelity Talking Head Synthesis18 Aug 2024
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- 2024GaussianTalker: Real-Time High-Fidelity Talking Head Synthesis with Audio-Driven 3D Gaussian Splatting24 Apr 2024
- 2024TalkingGaussian: Structure-Persistent 3D Talking Head Synthesis via Gaussian Splatting23 Apr 2024
- 20243DFlowRenderer: One-shot Face Re-enactment via Dense 3D Facial Flow Estimation23 Apr 2024
- 2024GaussianTalker: Speaker-specific Talking Head Synthesis via 3D Gaussian Splatting22 Apr 2024
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- 2024AVI-Talking: Learning Audio-Visual Instructions for Expressive 3D Talking Face Generation25 Feb 2024
50 newest of 189 All 189 (JSON)
- 2023Conditional Image-to-Video Generation with Latent Flow Diffusion Modelscited by 180
- 2022Talking Head Generation with Probabilistic Audio-to-Visual Diffusion Priorscited by 55
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- 2024VLOGGER: Multimodal Diffusion for Embodied Avatar Synthesiscited by 48
- 2024Neural Assets: 3D-Aware Multi-Object Scene Synthesis with Image Diffusion Modelscited by 30
- 2024IDOL: Unified Dual-Modal Latent Diffusion for Human-Centric Joint Video-Depth Generationcited by 11
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- 2024FacEnhance: Facial Expression Enhancing with Recurrent DDPMscited by 1
- 2024AniFaceDiff: Animating Stylized Avatars via Parametric Conditioned Diffusion Modelscited by 1
- 2024IDOL: Unified Dual-Modal Latent Diffusion for Human-Centric Joint Video-Depth Generation15 Jul 2024
- 2024AniFaceDiff: Animating Stylized Avatars via Parametric Conditioned Diffusion Models19 Jun 2024
- 2024Neural Assets: 3D-Aware Multi-Object Scene Synthesis with Image Diffusion Models13 Jun 2024
- 2024FacEnhance: Facial Expression Enhancing with Recurrent DDPMs13 Jun 2024
- 2024VLOGGER: Multimodal Diffusion for Embodied Avatar Synthesis13 Mar 2024
- 2023From Pixels to Portraits: A Comprehensive Survey of Talking Head Generation Techniques and Applications30 Aug 2023
- 2023Multimodal-driven Talking Face Generation via a Unified Diffusion-based Generator4 May 2023
- 2023Face Animation with an Attribute-Guided Diffusion Model6 Apr 2023
- 2023Conditional Image-to-Video Generation with Latent Flow Diffusion Models24 Mar 2023
- 2022Talking Head Generation with Probabilistic Audio-to-Visual Diffusion Priors7 Dec 2022
- 2021AD-NeRF: Audio Driven Neural Radiance Fields for Talking Head Synthesiscited by 339
- 2021Pose-Controllable Talking Face Generation by Implicitly Modularized Audio-Visual Representationcited by 288
- 2021Motion Representations for Articulated Animationcited by 253
- 2022Thin-Plate Spline Motion Model for Image Animationcited by 209
- 2021FaceFormer: Speech-Driven 3D Facial Animation with Transformerscited by 208
- 2021PIRenderer: Controllable Portrait Image Generation via Semantic Neural Renderingcited by 202
- 2021MeshTalk: 3D Face Animation from Speech using Cross-Modality Disentanglementcited by 189
- 2022Depth-Aware Generative Adversarial Network for Talking Head Video Generationcited by 177
- 2022Latent Image Animator: Learning to Animate Images via Latent Space Navigationcited by 172
- 2024Follow-Your-Emoji: Fine-Controllable and Expressive Freestyle Portrait Animationcited by 172
- 2022StyleHEAT: One-Shot High-Resolution Editable Talking Face Generation via Pre-trained StyleGANcited by 169
- 2023GeneFace: Generalized and High-Fidelity Audio-Driven 3D Talking Face Synthesiscited by 131
12 most cited of 179 All 179 (JSON)
- 2026Generative Learning as a Tool to Improve Perception of Emotional Body Motion Expressions27 Jun 2026
- 2026MagPlus: Bridging Micro-to-Regular Facial Expressions through Learnable Magnification11 Jun 2026
- 2026Self-Learning Expression Deformations for Data-Efficient Gaussian Avatars4 Jun 2026
- 2026PartNerFace: Part-based Neural Radiance Fields for Animatable Facial Avatar Reconstruction15 Apr 2026
- 2026PerformRecast: Expression and Head Pose Disentanglement for Portrait Video Editing20 Mar 2026
- 2026Motion Manipulation via Unsupervised Keypoint Positioning in Face Animation4 Mar 2026
- 2025LiveNeRF: Efficient Face Replacement Through Neural Radiance Fields Integration10 Nov 2025
- 2025Follow-Your-Emoji-Faster: Towards Efficient, Fine-Controllable, and Expressive Freestyle Portrait Animation20 Sep 2025
- 2025Tell-Tale Watermarks for Explanatory Reasoning in Synthetic Media Forensics6 Sep 2025
- 2025VGGSounder: Audio-Visual Evaluations for Foundation Models11 Aug 2025
- 2025Bind-Your-Avatar: Multi-Talking-Character Video Generation with Dynamic 3D-mask-based Embedding Router24 Jun 2025
- 2025Advancing Talking Head Generation: A Comprehensive Survey of Multi-Modal Methodologies, Datasets, Evaluation Metrics, and Loss Functions23 Jun 2025
12 newest of 179 All 179 (JSON)