mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Distilling Audio-Visual Knowledge by Compositional Contrastive Learning

arXiv 2104.10955 ↗First posted 22 Apr 2021cs.CV cs.AI cs.LGcited by 53

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Abstract (arXiv)

Having access to multi-modal cues (e.g. vision and audio) empowers some cognitive tasks to be done faster compared to learning from a single modality. In this work, we propose to transfer knowledge across heterogeneous modalities, even though these data modalities may not be semantically correlated. Rather than directly aligning the representations of different modalities, we compose audio, image, and video representations across modalities to uncover richer multi-modal knowledge. Our main idea is to learn a compositional embedding that closes the cross-modal semantic gap and captures the task-relevant semantics, which facilitates pulling together representations across modalities by compositional contrastive learning. We establish a new, comprehensive multi-modal distillation benchmark on three video datasets: UCF101, ActivityNet, and VGGSound. Moreover, we demonstrate that our model significantly outperforms a variety of existing knowledge distillation methods in transferring audio-visual knowledge to improve video representation learning. Code is released here: https://github.com/yanbeic/CCL.

Key facts. Cited by 53 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 48 of its 71 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 22 Apr 2021.

Builds on

48 of 71 references.

References · 48

  1. 2015Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognitioncited by 51,809
  2. 2020A Simple Framework for Contrastive Learning of Visual Representationscited by 11,979
  3. 2015Distilling the Knowledge in a Neural Networkcited by 10,076
  4. 2018Representation Learning with Contrastive Predictive Codingcited by 7,662
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  6. 2020Improved Baselines with Momentum Contrastive Learningcited by 2,282
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36 more
  1. 2016Paying More Attention to Attention: Improving the Performance of Convolutional Neural Networks via Attention Transfercited by 1,059
  2. 2016Temporal Segment Networks: Towards Good Practices for Deep Action Recognitioncited by 899
  3. 2019Relational Knowledge Distillationcited by 873
  4. 2019Contrastive Representation Distillationcited by 734
  5. 2020VGGSound: A Large-scale Audio-Visual Datasetcited by 641
  6. 2020Contrastive Learning for Unpaired Image-to-Image Translationcited by 637
  7. 2019PANNs: Large-Scale Pretrained Audio Neural Networks for Audio Pattern Recognitioncited by 563
  8. 2017Can Spatiotemporal 3D CNNs Retrace the History of 2D CNNs and ImageNet?cited by 551
  9. 2013Do Deep Nets Really Need to be Deep?cited by 466
  10. 2020Multi-modal Transformer for Video Retrievalcited by 395
  11. 2017Learning Spatio-Temporal Representation with Pseudo-3D Residual Networkscited by 386
  12. 2019What Makes Training Multi-Modal Classification Networks Hard?cited by 340
  13. 2018Audio-Visual Scene Analysis with Self-Supervised Multisensory Featurescited by 335
  14. 2018Deep Audio-Visual Speech Recognitioncited by 318
  15. 2019Correlation Congruence for Knowledge Distillationcited by 280
  16. 2019Learning Correspondence from the Cycle-Consistency of Timecited by 269
  17. 2019Self-Supervised Learning by Cross-Modal Audio-Video Clusteringcited by 264
  18. 2017Objects that Soundcited by 254
  19. 2016SoundNet: Learning Sound Representations from Unlabeled Videocited by 244
  20. 2018Composing Text and Image for Image Retrieval - An Empirical Odysseycited by 234
  21. 2019Use What You Have: Video Retrieval Using Representations From Collaborative Expertscited by 214
  22. 2018Learning Deep Representations with Probabilistic Knowledge Transfercited by 209
  23. 2018X2Face: A network for controlling face generation by using images, audio, and pose codescited by 189
  24. 2020Learning Robust Representations via Multi-View Information Bottleneckcited by 189
  25. 2015Cross Modal Distillation for Supervision Transfercited by 173
  26. 2019Temporal Cycle-Consistency Learningcited by 151
  27. 2018Self-Supervised Video Representation Learning with Space-Time Cubic Puzzlescited by 149
  28. 2019Co-Separating Sounds of Visual Objectscited by 110
  29. 2017You said that?cited by 99
  30. 2019ASR is all you need: cross-modal distillation for lip readingcited by 85
  31. 2020Heterogeneous Knowledge Distillation using Information Flow Modelingcited by 73
  32. 2017Learning Sight from Sound: Ambient Sound Provides Supervision for Visual Learningcited by 67
  33. 2018Emotion Recognition in Speech using Cross-Modal Transfer in the Wildcited by 48
  34. 2019Vision-Infused Deep Audio Inpaintingcited by 40
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  36. 2019DistInit: Learning Video Representations Without a Single Labeled Videocited by 21

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2021: 3; 2022: 18; 2023: 8; 2024: 10; 2025: 12; 2026: 2.

53 papers.

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  1. 2022Semi-Supervised and Unsupervised Deep Visual Learning: A Surveycited by 52
  2. 2022Learning in Audio-visual Context: A Review, Analysis, and New Perspectivecited by 44
  3. 2023Sound to Visual Scene Generation by Audio-to-Visual Latent Alignmentcited by 41
  4. 2021Sound-Guided Semantic Image Manipulationcited by 35
  5. 2022Self-Supervised Predictive Learning: A Negative-Free Method for Sound Source Localization in Visual Scenescited by 31
  6. 2022XKD: Cross-modal Knowledge Distillation with Domain Alignment for Video Representation Learningcited by 30
  7. 2022Probabilistic Compositional Embeddings for Multimodal Image Retrievalcited by 29
  8. 2022Audio-visual Generalised Zero-shot Learning with Cross-modal Attention and Languagecited by 27
  9. 2022CONE: An Efficient COarse-to-fiNE Alignment Framework for Long Video Temporal Groundingcited by 27
  10. 2022Modality-Aware Contrastive Instance Learning with Self-Distillation for Weakly-Supervised Audio-Visual Violence Detectioncited by 26
  11. 2022Non-Contrastive Learning Meets Language-Image Pre-Trainingcited by 25
  12. 2022Causal Reasoning Meets Visual Representation Learning: A Prospective Studycited by 24
38 more
  1. 2022Integrating Language Guidance into Vision-based Deep Metric Learningcited by 19
  2. 2022Temporal and cross-modal attention for audio-visual zero-shot learningcited by 19
  3. 2025CAV-MAE Sync: Improving Contrastive Audio-Visual Mask Autoencoders via Fine-Grained Alignmentcited by 14
  4. 2022Uncertainty-aware Multi-modal Learning via Cross-modal Random Network Predictioncited by 13
  5. 2024Siamese Vision Transformers are Scalable Audio-visual Learnerscited by 12
  6. 2023Enhanced Multimodal Representation Learning with Cross-modal KDcited by 11
  7. 2023Improving Adversarial Transferability via Model Alignmentcited by 10
  8. 2024MultiEYE: Dataset and Benchmark for OCT-Enhanced Retinal Disease Recognition from Fundus Imagescited by 9
  9. 2025VGGSounder: Audio-Visual Evaluations for Foundation Modelscited by 8
  10. 2022Robust Sound-Guided Image Manipulationcited by 7
  11. 2022Distilling Knowledge from Self-Supervised Teacher by Embedding Graph Alignmentcited by 7
  12. 2024Unsupervised Audio-Visual Segmentation with Modality Alignmentcited by 7
  13. 2025CAD: A General Multimodal Framework for Video Deepfake Detection via Cross-Modal Alignment and Distillationcited by 6
  14. 2024Sound2Vision: Generating Diverse Visuals from Audio through Cross-Modal Latent Alignmentcited by 5
  15. 2021Binaural SoundNet: Predicting Semantics, Depth and Motion with Binaural Soundscited by 4
  16. 2022Visually-aware Acoustic Event Detection using Heterogeneous Graphscited by 4
  17. 2023Robust Cross-Modal Knowledge Distillation for Unconstrained Videoscited by 4
  18. 2024Efficient Multiscale Multimodal Bottleneck Transformer for Audio-Video Classificationcited by 4
  19. 2024Learning Trimodal Relation for Audio-Visual Question Answering with Missing Modalitycited by 4
  20. 2024Hierarchical Augmentation and Distillation for Class Incremental Audio-Visual Video Recognitioncited by 3
  21. 2024Enhancing Sound Source Localization via False Negative Eliminationcited by 3
  22. 2025WhiSPA: Semantically and Psychologically Aligned Whisper with Self-Supervised Contrastive and Student-Teacher Learningcited by 3
  23. 2025Robult: Leveraging Redundancy and Modality Specific Features for Robust Multimodal Learningcited by 3
  24. 2023Heterogeneous Graph Learning for Acoustic Event Classificationcited by 2
  25. 2023Visually-Guided Sound Source Separation with Audio-Visual Predictive Codingcited by 2
  26. 2025Bridging Ears and Eyes: Analyzing Audio and Visual Large Language Models to Humans in Visible Sound Recognition and Reducing Their Sensory Gap via Cross-Modal Distillationcited by 2
  27. 2025Cross-Modal Distillation For Widely Differing Modalitiescited by 2
  28. 2021Where and When: Space-Time Attention for Audio-Visual Explanationscited by 1
  29. 2022Seeing your sleep stage: cross-modal distillation from EEG to infrared videocited by 1
  30. 2022On effects of Knowledge Distillation on Transfer Learningcited by 1
  31. 2023Bridging the Emotional Semantic Gap via Multimodal Relevance Estimationcited by 1
  32. 2023Text-to-feature diffusion for audio-visual few-shot learningcited by 1
  33. 2024Sequential Compositional Generalization in Multimodal Modelscited by 1
  34. 2025Boosting Adversarial Transferability with Spatial Adversarial Alignmentcited by 1
  35. 2025View-aware Cross-modal Distillation for Multi-view Action Recognitioncited by 1
  36. 2024Learning to Project for Cross-Task Knowledge Distillationcited by 0
  37. 2025RMMSS: Towards Advanced Robust Multi-Modal Semantic Segmentation with Hybrid Prototype Distillation and Feature Selectioncited by 0
  38. 2025Enriched text-guided variational multimodal knowledge distillation network (VMD) for automated diagnosis of plaque vulnerability in 3D carotid artery MRIcited by 0

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