GraspXL: Generating Grasping Motions for Diverse Objects at Scale
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Abstract (arXiv)
Human hands possess the dexterity to interact with diverse objects such as grasping specific parts of the objects and/or approaching them from desired directions. More importantly, humans can grasp objects of any shape without object-specific skills. Recent works synthesize grasping motions following single objectives such as a desired approach heading direction or a grasping area. Moreover, they usually rely on expensive 3D hand-object data during training and inference, which limits their capability to synthesize grasping motions for unseen objects at scale. In this paper, we unify the generation of hand-object grasping motions across multiple motion objectives, diverse object shapes and dexterous hand morphologies in a policy learning framework GraspXL. The objectives are composed of the graspable area, heading direction during approach, wrist rotation, and hand position. Without requiring any 3D hand-object interaction data, our policy trained with 58 objects can robustly synthesize diverse grasping motions for more than 500k unseen objects with a success rate of 82.2%. At the same time, the policy adheres to objectives, which enables the generation of diverse grasps per object. Moreover, we show that our framework can be deployed to different dexterous hands and work with reconstructed or generated objects. We quantitatively and qualitatively evaluate our method to show the efficacy of our approach. Our model, code, and the large-scale generated motions are available at https://eth-ait.github.io/graspxl/.
Key facts. Cited by 59 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 46 of its 53 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 28 Mar 2024.
Builds on
46 of 53 references.
References · 46
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- 2021Hand-Object Contact Consistency Reasoning for Human Grasps Generationcited by 160
- 2020Reconstructing Hand-Object Interactions in the Wildcited by 143
34 more
- 2021GOAL: Generating 4D Whole-Body Motion for Hand-Object Graspingcited by 142
- 2021Semi-Supervised 3D Hand-Object Poses Estimation with Interactions in Timecited by 140
- 2019H+O: Unified Egocentric Recognition of 3D Hand-Object Poses and Interactionscited by 139
- 2020CPF: Learning a Contact Potential Field to Model the Hand-Object Interactioncited by 127
- 2022IMos: Intent-Driven Full-Body Motion Synthesis for Human-Object Interactionscited by 121
- 2023UniDexGrasp: Universal Robotic Dexterous Grasping via Learning Diverse Proposal Generation and Goal-Conditioned Policycited by 117
- 2020ACRONYM: A Large-Scale Grasp Dataset Based on Simulationcited by 115
- 2022Towards Human-Level Bimanual Dexterous Manipulation with Reinforcement Learningcited by 113
- 2023Affordance Diffusion: Synthesizing Hand-Object Interactionscited by 110
- 2021D-Grasp: Physically Plausible Dynamic Grasp Synthesis for Hand-Object Interactionscited by 109
- 2023UniDexGrasp++: Improving Dexterous Grasping Policy Learning via Geometry-aware Curriculum and Iterative Generalist-Specialist Learningcited by 101
- 2022DexVIP: Learning Dexterous Grasping with Human Hand Pose Priors from Videocited by 83
- 2020Learning Dexterous Grasping with Object-Centric Visual Affordancescited by 80
- 2022DexPoint: Generalizable Point Cloud Reinforcement Learning for Sim-to-Real Dexterous Manipulationcited by 78
- 2023HOLD: Category-agnostic 3D Reconstruction of Interacting Hands and Objects from Videocited by 76
- 2024DiffH2O: Diffusion-Based Synthesis of Hand-Object Interactions from Textual Descriptionscited by 60
- 2023CAMS: CAnonicalized Manipulation Spaces for Category-Level Functional Hand-Object Manipulation Synthesiscited by 54
- 2023ArtiGrasp: Physically Plausible Synthesis of Bi-Manual Dexterous Grasping and Articulationcited by 53
- 2023Physically Plausible Full-Body Hand-Object Interaction Synthesiscited by 52
- 2021Learning to Disambiguate Strongly Interacting Hands via Probabilistic Per-pixel Part Segmentationcited by 40
- 2023Dexterous Functional Graspingcited by 36
- 2023Fast-Grasp'D: Dexterous Multi-finger Grasp Generation Through Differentiable Simulationcited by 35
- 2024Benchmarks and Challenges in Pose Estimation for Egocentric Hand Interactions with Objectscited by 35
- 2022Learning Continuous Grasping Function with a Dexterous Hand from Human Demonstrationscited by 34
- 2022Learning High-DOF Reaching-and-Grasping via Dynamic Representation of Gripper-Object Interactioncited by 23
- 2023HMP: Hand Motion Priors for Pose and Shape Estimation from Videocited by 23
- 2022DexTransfer: Real World Multi-fingered Dexterous Grasping with Minimal Human Demonstrationscited by 19
- 2022TempCLR: Reconstructing Hands via Time-Coherent Contrastive Learningcited by 17
- 2020A Mobile Robot Hand-Arm Teleoperation System by Vision and IMUcited by 15
- 2023DexRepNet: Learning Dexterous Robotic Grasping Network with Geometric and Spatial Hand-Object Representationscited by 15
- 2023SynH2R: Synthesizing Hand-Object Motions for Learning Human-to-Robot Handoverscited by 13
- 2023Learning a Universal Human Prior for Dexterous Manipulation from Human Preferencecited by 10
- 2023Getting the Ball Rolling: Learning a Dexterous Policy for a Biomimetic Tendon-Driven Hand with Rolling Contact Jointscited by 9
- 2019Demonstration-Guided Deep Reinforcement Learning of Control Policies for Dexterous Human-Robot Interactioncited by 3
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Citing papers per year: 2024: 9; 2025: 24; 2026: 26.
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- 2025DexGraspVLA: A Vision-Language-Action Framework Towards General Dexterous Graspingcited by 87
- 2025ManipTrans: Efficient Dexterous Bimanual Manipulation Transfer via Residual Learningcited by 56
- 2024A Survey of Embodied Learning for Object-Centric Robotic Manipulationcited by 34
- 2024GigaHands: A Massive Annotated Dataset of Bimanual Hand Activitiescited by 32
- 2024BimArt: A Unified Approach for the Synthesis of 3D Bimanual Interaction with Articulated Objectscited by 29
- 2025DexGrasp Anything: Towards Universal Robotic Dexterous Grasping with Physics Awarenesscited by 25
- 2024Cross-Embodiment Dexterous Grasping with Reinforcement Learningcited by 24
- 2025SkillMimic-V2: Learning Robust and Generalizable Interaction Skills from Sparse and Noisy Demonstrationscited by 23
- 2024HOI-Swap: Swapping Objects in Videos with Hand-Object Interaction Awarenesscited by 21
- 2025Re-HOLD: Video Hand Object Interaction Reenactment via adaptive Layout-instructed Diffusion Modelcited by 19
- 2025Dexonomy: Synthesizing All Dexterous Grasp Types in a Grasp Taxonomycited by 19
- 2025DreamActor-H1: High-Fidelity Human-Product Demonstration Video Generation via Motion-designed Diffusion Transformerscited by 19
38 more
- 2025DexVLG: Dexterous Vision-Language-Grasp Model at Scalecited by 19
- 2025OpenHOI: Open-World Hand-Object Interaction Synthesis with Multimodal Large Language Modelcited by 17
- 2025DemoDiffusion: One-Shot Human Imitation using pre-trained Diffusion Policycited by 16
- 2025MagicHOI: Leveraging 3D Priors for Accurate Hand-object Reconstruction from Short Monocular Video Clipscited by 15
- 2024SyncDiff: Synchronized Motion Diffusion for Multi-Body Human-Object Interaction Synthesiscited by 12
- 2025MAPLE: Encoding Dexterous Robotic Manipulation Priors Learned From Egocentric Videoscited by 12
- 2026T-Rex: Tactile-Reactive Dexterous Manipulationcited by 10
- 2025CEDex: Cross-Embodiment Dexterous Grasp Generation at Scale from Human-like Contact Representationscited by 9
- 20243D Whole-body Grasp Synthesis with Directional Controllabilitycited by 6
- 2025EvolvingGrasp: Evolutionary Grasp Generation via Efficient Preference Alignmentcited by 6
- 2026ForeHOI: Feed-forward 3D Object Reconstruction from Daily Hand-Object Interaction Videoscited by 6
- 2024Joint Diffusion for Universal Hand-Object Grasp Generationcited by 4
- 2026DextER: Language-driven Dexterous Grasp Generation with Embodied Reasoningcited by 4
- 2025Grasping a Handful: Sequential Multi-Object Dexterous Grasp Generationcited by 3
- 2025SIGHT: Synthesizing Image-Text Conditioned and Geometry-Guided 3D Hand-Object Trajectoriescited by 3
- 2025iDiT-HOI: Inpainting-based Hand Object Interaction Reenactment via Video Diffusion Transformercited by 3
- 2025Contact Map Transfer with Conditional Diffusion Model for Generalizable Dexterous Grasp Generationcited by 3
- 2025PALM: A Dataset and Baseline for Learning Multi-subject Hand Priorcited by 3
- 2026Closed-Loop Action Chunks with Dynamic Corrections for Training-Free Diffusion Policycited by 3
- 2026PAM: A Pose-Appearance-Motion Engine for Sim-to-Real HOI Video Generationcited by 3
- 2026HGGT: Robust and Flexible 3D Hand Mesh Reconstruction from Uncalibrated Imagescited by 3
- 2025Grasp2Grasp: Vision-Based Dexterous Grasp Translation via Schr"odinger Bridgescited by 2
- 2025GRASPLAT: Enabling dexterous grasping through novel view synthesiscited by 2
- 2025From Power to Precision: Learning Fine-grained Dexterity for Multi-fingered Robotic Handscited by 2
- 2026HRDexDB: A 4D Dexterous Grasping Dataset Across Human and Multiple Robot Embodimentscited by 2
- 2025Task-Oriented Human Grasp Synthesis via Context- and Task-Aware Diffuserscited by 1
- 2025SynHLMA:Synthesizing Hand Language Manipulation for Articulated Object with Discrete Human Object Interaction Representationcited by 1
- 2026UniMorphGrasp: Diffusion Model with Morphology-Awareness for Cross-Embodiment Dexterous Grasp Generationcited by 1
- 2026GenHOI: Towards Object-Consistent Hand-Object Interaction with Temporally Balanced and Spatially Selective Object Injectioncited by 1
- 2026AffordGrasp: Cross-Modal Diffusion for Affordance-Aware Grasp Synthesiscited by 1
- 2026GenHOI: Generalized Hand-Object Pose Estimation with Occlusion Awarenesscited by 1
- 2026AnyHand: A Large-Scale Synthetic Dataset for RGB(-D) Hand Pose Estimationcited by 1
- 2026HO-Flow: Generalizable Hand-Object Interaction Generation with Latent Flow Matchingcited by 1
- 2026AutoDex: An Automated Real-World System for Dexterous Grasping Data Collectioncited by 1
- 2026UniCross: Unified Cross-Skill Dexterous Manipulation Synthesiscited by 1
- 2024GenHeld: Generating and Editing Handheld Objectscited by 0
- 2026MobileManiBench: Simplifying Model Verification for Mobile Manipulationcited by 0
- 2026DuetHOI: Language-Guided Bimanual Hand--Object Motion Generation with Articulation Planning and Contact Refinementcited by 0
50 most cited of 59 All 59 (JSON)
- 2026ConGraspXL: Controllable Constraint-Conditioned Dexterous Grasping Motion Synthesis14 Sep 2026
- 2026PhotoHOI: Synthesizing 3D Hand-Object Interactions from a Single RGB Photograph3 Aug 2026
- 2026UniCross: Unified Cross-Skill Dexterous Manipulation Synthesis30 Jul 2026
- 2026WristMimic: Full-Body Humanoid Control with Wrist-Guided Manipulation7 Jul 2026
- 2026A Synthetic-Driven Vision System for Assembly Step Recognition30 Jun 2026
- 2026DCGrasp: Distance-aware Controllable Grasp Generation29 Jun 2026
- 2026AutoDex: An Automated Real-World System for Dexterous Grasping Data Collection22 Jun 2026
- 2026IMAGIN-4D: Image-Guided Controllable Interaction Generation22 Jun 2026
- 2026T-Rex: Tactile-Reactive Dexterous Manipulation15 Jun 2026
- 2026HRDexDB: A 4D Dexterous Grasping Dataset Across Human and Multiple Robot Embodiments16 Apr 2026
- 2026HO-Flow: Generalizable Hand-Object Interaction Generation with Latent Flow Matching12 Apr 2026
- 2026Learning Dexterous Grasping from Sparse Taxonomy Guidance5 Apr 2026
38 more
- 2026AnyHand: A Large-Scale Synthetic Dataset for RGB(-D) Hand Pose Estimation26 Mar 2026
- 2026HGGT: Robust and Flexible 3D Hand Mesh Reconstruction from Uncalibrated Images25 Mar 2026
- 2026PAM: A Pose-Appearance-Motion Engine for Sim-to-Real HOI Video Generation23 Mar 2026
- 2026GenHOI: Generalized Hand-Object Pose Estimation with Occlusion Awareness19 Mar 2026
- 2026ContactExplorer: Contact Coverage-Guided Exploration for General-Purpose Dexterous Manipulation11 Mar 2026
- 2026DISPLAY: Directable Human-Object Interaction Video Generation via Sparse Motion Guidance and Multi-Task Auxiliary10 Mar 2026
- 2026DuetHOI: Language-Guided Bimanual Hand--Object Motion Generation with Articulation Planning and Contact Refinement9 Mar 2026
- 2026AffordGrasp: Cross-Modal Diffusion for Affordance-Aware Grasp Synthesis9 Mar 2026
- 2026GenHOI: Towards Object-Consistent Hand-Object Interaction with Temporally Balanced and Spatially Selective Object Injection6 Mar 2026
- 2026Closed-Loop Action Chunks with Dynamic Corrections for Training-Free Diffusion Policy2 Mar 2026
- 2026ForeHOI: Feed-forward 3D Object Reconstruction from Daily Hand-Object Interaction Videos5 Feb 2026
- 2026MobileManiBench: Simplifying Model Verification for Mobile Manipulation5 Feb 2026
- 2026UniMorphGrasp: Diffusion Model with Morphology-Awareness for Cross-Embodiment Dexterous Grasp Generation31 Jan 2026
- 2026DextER: Language-driven Dexterous Grasp Generation with Embodied Reasoning22 Jan 2026
- 2025From Power to Precision: Learning Fine-grained Dexterity for Multi-fingered Robotic Hands17 Nov 2025
- 2025PALM: A Dataset and Baseline for Learning Multi-subject Hand Prior7 Nov 2025
- 2025Contact Map Transfer with Conditional Diffusion Model for Generalizable Dexterous Grasp Generation3 Nov 2025
- 2025SynHLMA:Synthesizing Hand Language Manipulation for Articulated Object with Discrete Human Object Interaction Representation29 Oct 2025
- 2025GRASPLAT: Enabling dexterous grasping through novel view synthesis22 Oct 2025
- 2025CEDex: Cross-Embodiment Dexterous Grasp Generation at Scale from Human-like Contact Representations29 Sep 2025
- 2025MagicHOI: Leveraging 3D Priors for Accurate Hand-object Reconstruction from Short Monocular Video Clips7 Aug 2025
- 2025Task-Oriented Human Grasp Synthesis via Context- and Task-Aware Diffusers15 Jul 2025
- 2025DexVLG: Dexterous Vision-Language-Grasp Model at Scale3 Jul 2025
- 2025DemoDiffusion: One-Shot Human Imitation using pre-trained Diffusion Policy25 Jun 2025
- 2025iDiT-HOI: Inpainting-based Hand Object Interaction Reenactment via Video Diffusion Transformer15 Jun 2025
- 2025DreamActor-H1: High-Fidelity Human-Product Demonstration Video Generation via Motion-designed Diffusion Transformers12 Jun 2025
- 2025Grasp2Grasp: Vision-Based Dexterous Grasp Translation via Schr"odinger Bridges3 Jun 2025
- 2025OpenHOI: Open-World Hand-Object Interaction Synthesis with Multimodal Large Language Model25 May 2025
- 2025SkillMimic-V2: Learning Robust and Generalizable Interaction Skills from Sparse and Noisy Demonstrations4 May 2025
- 2025Dexonomy: Synthesizing All Dexterous Grasp Types in a Grasp Taxonomy26 Apr 2025
- 2025MAPLE: Encoding Dexterous Robotic Manipulation Priors Learned From Egocentric Videos8 Apr 2025
- 2025SIGHT: Synthesizing Image-Text Conditioned and Geometry-Guided 3D Hand-Object Trajectories28 Mar 2025
- 2025Grasping a Handful: Sequential Multi-Object Dexterous Grasp Generation28 Mar 2025
- 2025ManipTrans: Efficient Dexterous Bimanual Manipulation Transfer via Residual Learning27 Mar 2025
- 2025Re-HOLD: Video Hand Object Interaction Reenactment via adaptive Layout-instructed Diffusion Model21 Mar 2025
- 2025EvolvingGrasp: Evolutionary Grasp Generation via Efficient Preference Alignment18 Mar 2025
- 2025DexGrasp Anything: Towards Universal Robotic Dexterous Grasping with Physics Awareness11 Mar 2025
- 2025DexGraspVLA: A Vision-Language-Action Framework Towards General Dexterous Grasping28 Feb 2025
50 newest of 59 All 59 (JSON)
- 2024HOI-Swap: Swapping Objects in Videos with Hand-Object Interaction Awarenesscited by 21
- 2025Re-HOLD: Video Hand Object Interaction Reenactment via adaptive Layout-instructed Diffusion Modelcited by 19
- 2025DreamActor-H1: High-Fidelity Human-Product Demonstration Video Generation via Motion-designed Diffusion Transformerscited by 19
- 2025DemoDiffusion: One-Shot Human Imitation using pre-trained Diffusion Policycited by 16
- 2025MagicHOI: Leveraging 3D Priors for Accurate Hand-object Reconstruction from Short Monocular Video Clipscited by 15
- 2024Joint Diffusion for Universal Hand-Object Grasp Generationcited by 4
- 2025iDiT-HOI: Inpainting-based Hand Object Interaction Reenactment via Video Diffusion Transformercited by 3
- 2025Contact Map Transfer with Conditional Diffusion Model for Generalizable Dexterous Grasp Generationcited by 3
- 2026Closed-Loop Action Chunks with Dynamic Corrections for Training-Free Diffusion Policycited by 3
- 2026UniMorphGrasp: Diffusion Model with Morphology-Awareness for Cross-Embodiment Dexterous Grasp Generationcited by 1
- 2026HO-Flow: Generalizable Hand-Object Interaction Generation with Latent Flow Matchingcited by 1
- 2026HO-Flow: Generalizable Hand-Object Interaction Generation with Latent Flow Matching12 Apr 2026
- 2026Closed-Loop Action Chunks with Dynamic Corrections for Training-Free Diffusion Policy2 Mar 2026
- 2026UniMorphGrasp: Diffusion Model with Morphology-Awareness for Cross-Embodiment Dexterous Grasp Generation31 Jan 2026
- 2025Contact Map Transfer with Conditional Diffusion Model for Generalizable Dexterous Grasp Generation3 Nov 2025
- 2025MagicHOI: Leveraging 3D Priors for Accurate Hand-object Reconstruction from Short Monocular Video Clips7 Aug 2025
- 2025DemoDiffusion: One-Shot Human Imitation using pre-trained Diffusion Policy25 Jun 2025
- 2025iDiT-HOI: Inpainting-based Hand Object Interaction Reenactment via Video Diffusion Transformer15 Jun 2025
- 2025DreamActor-H1: High-Fidelity Human-Product Demonstration Video Generation via Motion-designed Diffusion Transformers12 Jun 2025
- 2025Re-HOLD: Video Hand Object Interaction Reenactment via adaptive Layout-instructed Diffusion Model21 Mar 2025
- 2024Joint Diffusion for Universal Hand-Object Grasp Generation6 Sep 2024
- 2024HOI-Swap: Swapping Objects in Videos with Hand-Object Interaction Awareness11 Jun 2024
- 2025DexGraspVLA: A Vision-Language-Action Framework Towards General Dexterous Graspingcited by 87
- 2025DexVLG: Dexterous Vision-Language-Grasp Model at Scalecited by 19
- 2026T-Rex: Tactile-Reactive Dexterous Manipulationcited by 10
- 2026MobileManiBench: Simplifying Model Verification for Mobile Manipulationcited by 0
- 2026T-Rex: Tactile-Reactive Dexterous Manipulation15 Jun 2026
- 2026MobileManiBench: Simplifying Model Verification for Mobile Manipulation5 Feb 2026
- 2025DexVLG: Dexterous Vision-Language-Grasp Model at Scale3 Jul 2025
- 2025DexGraspVLA: A Vision-Language-Action Framework Towards General Dexterous Grasping28 Feb 2025
- 2025ManipTrans: Efficient Dexterous Bimanual Manipulation Transfer via Residual Learningcited by 56
- 2024A Survey of Embodied Learning for Object-Centric Robotic Manipulationcited by 34
- 2024GigaHands: A Massive Annotated Dataset of Bimanual Hand Activitiescited by 32
- 2024BimArt: A Unified Approach for the Synthesis of 3D Bimanual Interaction with Articulated Objectscited by 29
- 2025DexGrasp Anything: Towards Universal Robotic Dexterous Grasping with Physics Awarenesscited by 25
- 2024Cross-Embodiment Dexterous Grasping with Reinforcement Learningcited by 24
- 2025SkillMimic-V2: Learning Robust and Generalizable Interaction Skills from Sparse and Noisy Demonstrationscited by 23
- 2025Dexonomy: Synthesizing All Dexterous Grasp Types in a Grasp Taxonomycited by 19
- 2024SyncDiff: Synchronized Motion Diffusion for Multi-Body Human-Object Interaction Synthesiscited by 12
- 2025MAPLE: Encoding Dexterous Robotic Manipulation Priors Learned From Egocentric Videoscited by 12
- 2025CEDex: Cross-Embodiment Dexterous Grasp Generation at Scale from Human-like Contact Representationscited by 9
- 20243D Whole-body Grasp Synthesis with Directional Controllabilitycited by 6
12 most cited of 41 All 41 (JSON)
- 2026ConGraspXL: Controllable Constraint-Conditioned Dexterous Grasping Motion Synthesis14 Sep 2026
- 2026PhotoHOI: Synthesizing 3D Hand-Object Interactions from a Single RGB Photograph3 Aug 2026
- 2026UniCross: Unified Cross-Skill Dexterous Manipulation Synthesis30 Jul 2026
- 2026WristMimic: Full-Body Humanoid Control with Wrist-Guided Manipulation7 Jul 2026
- 2026A Synthetic-Driven Vision System for Assembly Step Recognition30 Jun 2026
- 2026DCGrasp: Distance-aware Controllable Grasp Generation29 Jun 2026
- 2026AutoDex: An Automated Real-World System for Dexterous Grasping Data Collection22 Jun 2026
- 2026IMAGIN-4D: Image-Guided Controllable Interaction Generation22 Jun 2026
- 2026HRDexDB: A 4D Dexterous Grasping Dataset Across Human and Multiple Robot Embodiments16 Apr 2026
- 2026Learning Dexterous Grasping from Sparse Taxonomy Guidance5 Apr 2026
- 2026AnyHand: A Large-Scale Synthetic Dataset for RGB(-D) Hand Pose Estimation26 Mar 2026
- 2026HGGT: Robust and Flexible 3D Hand Mesh Reconstruction from Uncalibrated Images25 Mar 2026
12 newest of 41 All 41 (JSON)