Realistic Speech-Driven Facial Animation with GANs
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Abstract (arXiv)
Speech-driven facial animation is the process that automatically synthesizes talking characters based on speech signals. The majority of work in this domain creates a mapping from audio features to visual features. This approach often requires post-processing using computer graphics techniques to produce realistic albeit subject dependent results. We present an end-to-end system that generates videos of a talking head, using only a still image of a person and an audio clip containing speech, without relying on handcrafted intermediate features. Our method generates videos which have (a) lip movements that are in sync with the audio and (b) natural facial expressions such as blinks and eyebrow movements. Our temporal GAN uses 3 discriminators focused on achieving detailed frames, audio-visual synchronization, and realistic expressions. We quantify the contribution of each component in our model using an ablation study and we provide insights into the latent representation of the model. The generated videos are evaluated based on sharpness, reconstruction quality, lip-reading accuracy, synchronization as well as their ability to generate natural blinks.
Key facts. Cited by 142 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 14 Jun 2019.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 23; 2022: 29; 2023: 48; 2024: 21; 2025: 13; 2026: 8.
142 papers.
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- 2021AD-NeRF: Audio Driven Neural Radiance Fields for Talking Head Synthesiscited by 339
- 2021Pose-Controllable Talking Face Generation by Implicitly Modularized Audio-Visual Representationcited by 288
- 2021FaceFormer: Speech-Driven 3D Facial Animation with Transformerscited by 208
- 2023CodeTalker: Speech-Driven 3D Facial Animation with Discrete Motion Priorcited by 183
- 2021Audio-Driven Emotional Video Portraitscited by 180
- 2021Exploring Temporal Coherence for More General Video Face Forgery Detectioncited by 158
- 2022EAMM: One-Shot Emotional Talking Face via Audio-Based Emotion-Aware Motion Modelcited by 151
- 2021Audio2Head: Audio-driven One-shot Talking-head Generation with Natural Head Motioncited by 148
- 2023Diffused Heads: Diffusion Models Beat GANs on Talking-Face Generationcited by 142
- 2023GeneFace: Generalized and High-Fidelity Audio-Driven 3D Talking Face Synthesiscited by 131
- 2022Semantic-Aware Implicit Neural Audio-Driven Video Portrait Generationcited by 119
- 2022VideoReTalking: Audio-based Lip Synchronization for Talking Head Video Editing In the Wildcited by 106
38 more
- 2023Seeing What You Said: Talking Face Generation Guided by a Lip Reading Expertcited by 98
- 2022Progressive Disentangled Representation Learning for Fine-Grained Controllable Talking Head Synthesiscited by 93
- 2023StyleTalk: One-shot Talking Head Generation with Controllable Speaking Stylescited by 92
- 2021FACIAL: Synthesizing Dynamic Talking Face with Implicit Attribute Learningcited by 90
- 2021One-shot Talking Face Generation from Single-speaker Audio-Visual Correlation Learningcited by 87
- 2023SyncTalk: The Devil is in the Synchronization for Talking Head Synthesiscited by 86
- 2021Deepfakes Generation and Detection: State-of-the-art, open challenges, countermeasures, and way forwardcited by 82
- 2024From Audio to Photoreal Embodiment: Synthesizing Humans in Conversationscited by 82
- 2022Real-time Neural Radiance Talking Portrait Synthesis via Audio-spatial Decompositioncited by 81
- 2023Efficient Emotional Adaptation for Audio-Driven Talking-Head Generationcited by 81
- 2021Deepfake Video Detection Using Convolutional Vision Transformercited by 79
- 2023AltFreezing for More General Video Face Forgery Detectioncited by 78
- 2022Imitator: Personalized Speech-driven 3D Facial Animationcited by 73
- 2023DINet: Deformation Inpainting Network for Realistic Face Visually Dubbing on High Resolution Videocited by 73
- 2021LipSync3D: Data-Efficient Learning of Personalized 3D Talking Faces from Video using Pose and Lighting Normalizationcited by 67
- 2022SyncTalkFace: Talking Face Generation with Precise Lip-Syncing via Audio-Lip Memorycited by 65
- 2021Speech Drives Templates: Co-Speech Gesture Synthesis with Learned Templatescited by 57
- 2022Talking Head Generation with Probabilistic Audio-to-Visual Diffusion Priorscited by 55
- 2023FaceTalk: Audio-Driven Motion Diffusion for Neural Parametric Head Modelscited by 55
- 2022SPACE: Speech-driven Portrait Animation with Controllable Expressioncited by 49
- 2023DAE-Talker: High Fidelity Speech-Driven Talking Face Generation with Diffusion Autoencodercited by 48
- 2024VLOGGER: Multimodal Diffusion for Embodied Avatar Synthesiscited by 48
- 2023VividTalk: One-Shot Audio-Driven Talking Head Generation Based on 3D Hybrid Priorcited by 47
- 2022Implicit Warping for Animation with Image Setscited by 45
- 2023RenderMe-360: A Large Digital Asset Library and Benchmarks Towards High-fidelity Head Avatarscited by 45
- 2022Learning in Audio-visual Context: A Review, Analysis, and New Perspectivecited by 44
- 2022Emotion-Controllable Generalized Talking Face Generationcited by 43
- 2021Neural Dubber: Dubbing for Videos According to Scriptscited by 39
- 2021Audio-Visual Synchronisation in the wildcited by 39
- 2024FlowVQTalker: High-Quality Emotional Talking Face Generation through Normalizing Flow and Quantizationcited by 39
- 2021Live Speech Portraits: Real-Time Photorealistic Talking-Head Animationcited by 36
- 2022Masked Lip-Sync Prediction by Audio-Visual Contextual Exploitation in Transformerscited by 33
- 2023TalkCLIP: Talking Head Generation with Text-Guided Expressive Speaking Stylescited by 32
- 2024Dyadic Interaction Modeling for Social Behavior Generationcited by 32
- 2022DialogueNeRF: Towards Realistic Avatar Face-to-Face Conversation Video Generationcited by 30
- 2023Speech Driven Video Editing via an Audio-Conditioned Diffusion Modelcited by 28
- 2021End-to-End Video-To-Speech Synthesis using Generative Adversarial Networkscited by 27
- 2024Say Anything with Any Stylecited by 26
50 most cited of 142 All 142 (JSON)
- 2026Beyond End-to-End Black Box Mapping: An Intentional Agent Framework for Cognitive-driven Facial Reaction Generation28 Sep 2026
- 2026ComplexSync: High-Fidelity and Real-Time Lip Sync in Complex Scenarios24 Sep 2026
- 2026HUG-VIS: A Multimodal Benchmark for Human-centered Understanding and Generation in Visual Intelligence27 Aug 2026
- 2026AnyTalk: Speech Animation for Arbitrary Characters Leveraging a Video Generation Model17 Aug 2026
- 2026MultiAnimate: A Unified Framework for Controllable Multi-Character Animation15 Jul 2026
- 2026MMTalker: Multiresolution 3D Talking Head Synthesis with Multimodal Feature Fusion3 Apr 2026
- 2026Bootstrapping Audiovisual Speech Recognition in Zero-AV-Resource Scenarios9 Mar 2026
- 2026Exploring Talking Head Models With Adjacent Frame Prior for Speech-Preserving Facial Expression Manipulation19 Jan 2026
- 2025FlashLips: 100-FPS Mask-Free Latent Lip-Sync using Reconstruction Instead of Diffusion or GANs23 Dec 2025
- 2025Taming Transformer for Emotion-Controllable Talking Face Generation20 Aug 2025
- 2025Multi-human Interactive Talking Dataset5 Aug 2025
- 2025Mask-Free Audio-driven Talking Face Generation for Enhanced Visual Quality and Identity Preservation28 Jul 2025
38 more
- 2025SyncTalk++: High-Fidelity and Efficient Synchronized Talking Heads Synthesis Using Gaussian Splatting17 Jun 2025
- 2025Low-Rank Head Avatar Personalization with Registers2 Jun 2025
- 2025OT-Talk: Animating 3D Talking Head with Optimal Transportation3 May 2025
- 2025KeySync: A Robust Approach for Leakage-free Lip Synchronization in High Resolution1 May 2025
- 2025PASE: Phoneme-Aware Speech Encoder to Improve Lip Sync Accuracy for Talking Head Synthesis8 Apr 2025
- 2025KeyFace: Expressive Audio-Driven Facial Animation for Long Sequences via KeyFrame Interpolation3 Mar 2025
- 2025Emotion Recognition and Generation: A Comprehensive Review of Face, Speech, and Text Modalities2 Feb 2025
- 2025Joint Learning of Depth and Appearance for Portrait Image Animation15 Jan 2025
- 2025Towards Dynamic Neural Communication and Speech Neuroprosthesis Based on Viseme Decoding9 Jan 2025
- 2024A Review of Human Emotion Synthesis Based on Generative Technology10 Dec 2024
- 2024DAWN: Dynamic Frame Avatar with Non-autoregressive Diffusion Framework for Talking Head Video Generation17 Oct 2024
- 2024EmoGene: Audio-Driven Emotional 3D Talking-Head Generation7 Oct 2024
- 2024StyleTalk++: A Unified Framework for Controlling the Speaking Styles of Talking Heads14 Sep 2024
- 2024KAN-Based Fusion of Dual-Domain for Audio-Driven Facial Landmarks Generation9 Sep 2024
- 2024KMTalk: Speech-Driven 3D Facial Animation with Key Motion Embedding2 Sep 2024
- 2024FD2Talk: Towards Generalized Talking Head Generation with Facial Decoupled Diffusion Model18 Aug 2024
- 2024EmoFace: Audio-driven Emotional 3D Face Animation17 Jul 2024
- 2024A Comprehensive Taxonomy and Analysis of Talking Head Synthesis: Techniques for Portrait Generation, Driving Mechanisms, and Editing15 Jun 2024
- 2024Deepfakes and Higher Education: A Research Agenda and Scoping Review of Synthetic Media24 Apr 2024
- 2024GaussianTalker: Speaker-specific Talking Head Synthesis via 3D Gaussian Splatting22 Apr 2024
- 2024Learn2Talk: 3D Talking Face Learns from 2D Talking Face19 Apr 2024
- 2024MI-NeRF: Learning a Single Face NeRF from Multiple Identities29 Mar 2024
- 2024Dyadic Interaction Modeling for Social Behavior Generation14 Mar 2024
- 2024VLOGGER: Multimodal Diffusion for Embodied Avatar Synthesis13 Mar 2024
- 2024FlowVQTalker: High-Quality Emotional Talking Face Generation through Normalizing Flow and Quantization11 Mar 2024
- 2024Say Anything with Any Style11 Mar 2024
- 2024CustomListener: Text-guided Responsive Interaction for User-friendly Listening Head Generation1 Mar 2024
- 2024AVI-Talking: Learning Audio-Visual Instructions for Expressive 3D Talking Face Generation25 Feb 2024
- 2024EmoTalker: Emotionally Editable Talking Face Generation via Diffusion Model16 Jan 2024
- 2024From Audio to Photoreal Embodiment: Synthesizing Humans in Conversations3 Jan 2024
- 2023DreamTalk: When Emotional Talking Head Generation Meets Diffusion Probabilistic Models15 Dec 2023
- 2023FaceTalk: Audio-Driven Motion Diffusion for Neural Parametric Head Models13 Dec 2023
- 2023GMTalker: Gaussian Mixture-based Audio-Driven Emotional Talking Video Portraits12 Dec 2023
- 2023GSmoothFace: Generalized Smooth Talking Face Generation via Fine Grained 3D Face Guidance12 Dec 2023
- 2023R2-Talker: Realistic Real-Time Talking Head Synthesis with Hash Grid Landmarks Encoding and Progressive Multilayer Conditioning9 Dec 2023
- 2023VividTalk: One-Shot Audio-Driven Talking Head Generation Based on 3D Hybrid Prior4 Dec 2023
- 20233DiFACE: Diffusion-based Speech-driven 3D Facial Animation and Editing1 Dec 2023
- 2023SyncTalk: The Devil is in the Synchronization for Talking Head Synthesis29 Nov 2023
50 newest of 142 All 142 (JSON)
- 2023Diffused Heads: Diffusion Models Beat GANs on Talking-Face Generationcited by 142
- 2022Talking Head Generation with Probabilistic Audio-to-Visual Diffusion Priorscited by 55
- 2023DAE-Talker: High Fidelity Speech-Driven Talking Face Generation with Diffusion Autoencodercited by 48
- 2024VLOGGER: Multimodal Diffusion for Embodied Avatar Synthesiscited by 48
- 2023Speech Driven Video Editing via an Audio-Conditioned Diffusion Modelcited by 28
- 20233DiFACE: Diffusion-based Speech-driven 3D Facial Animation and Editingcited by 15
- 2023DreamTalk: When Emotional Talking Head Generation Meets Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 13
- 2024EmoTalker: Emotionally Editable Talking Face Generation via Diffusion Modelcited by 11
- 2024FD2Talk: Towards Generalized Talking Head Generation with Facial Decoupled Diffusion Modelcited by 3
- 2023Laughing Matters: Introducing Laughing-Face Generation using Diffusion Modelscited by 2
- 2026AnyTalk: Speech Animation for Arbitrary Characters Leveraging a Video Generation Modelcited by 0
- 2026AnyTalk: Speech Animation for Arbitrary Characters Leveraging a Video Generation Model17 Aug 2026
- 2024FD2Talk: Towards Generalized Talking Head Generation with Facial Decoupled Diffusion Model18 Aug 2024
- 2024VLOGGER: Multimodal Diffusion for Embodied Avatar Synthesis13 Mar 2024
- 2024EmoTalker: Emotionally Editable Talking Face Generation via Diffusion Model16 Jan 2024
- 2023DreamTalk: When Emotional Talking Head Generation Meets Diffusion Probabilistic Models15 Dec 2023
- 20233DiFACE: Diffusion-based Speech-driven 3D Facial Animation and Editing1 Dec 2023
- 2023Laughing Matters: Introducing Laughing-Face Generation using Diffusion Models15 May 2023
- 2023DAE-Talker: High Fidelity Speech-Driven Talking Face Generation with Diffusion Autoencoder30 Mar 2023
- 2023Speech Driven Video Editing via an Audio-Conditioned Diffusion Model10 Jan 2023
- 2023Diffused Heads: Diffusion Models Beat GANs on Talking-Face Generation6 Jan 2023
- 2022Talking Head Generation with Probabilistic Audio-to-Visual Diffusion Priors7 Dec 2022
- 2021AD-NeRF: Audio Driven Neural Radiance Fields for Talking Head Synthesiscited by 339
- 2021Pose-Controllable Talking Face Generation by Implicitly Modularized Audio-Visual Representationcited by 288
- 2021FaceFormer: Speech-Driven 3D Facial Animation with Transformerscited by 208
- 2023CodeTalker: Speech-Driven 3D Facial Animation with Discrete Motion Priorcited by 183
- 2021Audio-Driven Emotional Video Portraitscited by 180
- 2021Exploring Temporal Coherence for More General Video Face Forgery Detectioncited by 158
- 2022EAMM: One-Shot Emotional Talking Face via Audio-Based Emotion-Aware Motion Modelcited by 151
- 2021Audio2Head: Audio-driven One-shot Talking-head Generation with Natural Head Motioncited by 148
- 2023GeneFace: Generalized and High-Fidelity Audio-Driven 3D Talking Face Synthesiscited by 131
- 2022Semantic-Aware Implicit Neural Audio-Driven Video Portrait Generationcited by 119
- 2022VideoReTalking: Audio-based Lip Synchronization for Talking Head Video Editing In the Wildcited by 106
- 2023Seeing What You Said: Talking Face Generation Guided by a Lip Reading Expertcited by 98
12 most cited of 131 All 131 (JSON)
- 2026Beyond End-to-End Black Box Mapping: An Intentional Agent Framework for Cognitive-driven Facial Reaction Generation28 Sep 2026
- 2026ComplexSync: High-Fidelity and Real-Time Lip Sync in Complex Scenarios24 Sep 2026
- 2026HUG-VIS: A Multimodal Benchmark for Human-centered Understanding and Generation in Visual Intelligence27 Aug 2026
- 2026MultiAnimate: A Unified Framework for Controllable Multi-Character Animation15 Jul 2026
- 2026MMTalker: Multiresolution 3D Talking Head Synthesis with Multimodal Feature Fusion3 Apr 2026
- 2026Bootstrapping Audiovisual Speech Recognition in Zero-AV-Resource Scenarios9 Mar 2026
- 2026Exploring Talking Head Models With Adjacent Frame Prior for Speech-Preserving Facial Expression Manipulation19 Jan 2026
- 2025FlashLips: 100-FPS Mask-Free Latent Lip-Sync using Reconstruction Instead of Diffusion or GANs23 Dec 2025
- 2025Taming Transformer for Emotion-Controllable Talking Face Generation20 Aug 2025
- 2025Multi-human Interactive Talking Dataset5 Aug 2025
- 2025Mask-Free Audio-driven Talking Face Generation for Enhanced Visual Quality and Identity Preservation28 Jul 2025
- 2025SyncTalk++: High-Fidelity and Efficient Synchronized Talking Heads Synthesis Using Gaussian Splatting17 Jun 2025
12 newest of 131 All 131 (JSON)