Recurrent MVSNet for High-resolution Multi-view Stereo Depth Inference
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Abstract (arXiv)
Deep learning has recently demonstrated its excellent performance for multi-view stereo (MVS). However, one major limitation of current learned MVS approaches is the scalability: the memory-consuming cost volume regularization makes the learned MVS hard to be applied to high-resolution scenes. In this paper, we introduce a scalable multi-view stereo framework based on the recurrent neural network. Instead of regularizing the entire 3D cost volume in one go, the proposed Recurrent Multi-view Stereo Network (R-MVSNet) sequentially regularizes the 2D cost maps along the depth direction via the gated recurrent unit (GRU). This reduces dramatically the memory consumption and makes high-resolution reconstruction feasible. We first show the state-of-the-art performance achieved by the proposed R-MVSNet on the recent MVS benchmarks. Then, we further demonstrate the scalability of the proposed method on several large-scale scenarios, where previous learned approaches often fail due to the memory constraint. Code is available at https://github.com/YoYo000/MVSNet.
Key facts. Cited by 252 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 27 Feb 2019.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 43; 2022: 52; 2023: 51; 2024: 50; 2025: 33; 2026: 23.
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- 2021MVSNeRF: Fast Generalizable Radiance Field Reconstruction from Multi-View Stereocited by 735
- 2021UNISURF: Unifying Neural Implicit Surfaces and Radiance Fields for Multi-View Reconstructioncited by 643
- 2022BEVDepth: Acquisition of Reliable Depth for Multi-view 3D Object Detectioncited by 568
- 2022MonoSDF: Exploring Monocular Geometric Cues for Neural Implicit Surface Reconstructioncited by 467
- 2023Magic123: One Image to High-Quality 3D Object Generation Using Both 2D and 3D Diffusion Priorscited by 395
- 2024GS-LRM: Large Reconstruction Model for 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 344
- 2023MVImgNet: A Large-scale Dataset of Multi-view Imagescited by 219
- 2021Pixel-Perfect Structure-from-Motion with Featuremetric Refinementcited by 199
- 2021GeoNeRF: Generalizing NeRF with Geometry Priorscited by 195
- 2023Iterative Geometry Encoding Volume for Stereo Matchingcited by 188
- 2022Time Will Tell: New Outlooks and A Baseline for Temporal Multi-View 3D Object Detectioncited by 177
- 2025FLARE: Feed-forward Geometry, Appearance and Camera Estimation from Uncalibrated Sparse Viewscited by 176
38 more
- 2022SparseNeuS: Fast Generalizable Neural Surface Reconstruction from Sparse Viewscited by 175
- 2021Efficient Neural Radiance Fields for Interactive Free-viewpoint Videocited by 150
- 2023NeuSG: Neural Implicit Surface Reconstruction with 3D Gaussian Splatting Guidancecited by 137
- 2021Improving neural implicit surfaces geometry with patch warpingcited by 136
- 2024MV-DUSt3R+: Single-Stage Scene Reconstruction from Sparse Views In 2 Secondscited by 136
- 2022Neural 3D Scene Reconstruction with the Manhattan-world Assumptioncited by 123
- 2021TransMVSNet: Global Context-aware Multi-view Stereo Network with Transformerscited by 117
- 2022NeRFusion: Fusing Radiance Fields for Large-Scale Scene Reconstructioncited by 99
- 2021Learning to Match Features with Seeded Graph Matching Networkcited by 92
- 2024GES: Generalized Exponential Splatting for Efficient Radiance Field Renderingcited by 92
- 2022BEVStereo: Enhancing Depth Estimation in Multi-view 3D Object Detection with Dynamic Temporal Stereocited by 89
- 2024Stereo4D: Learning How Things Move in 3D from Internet Stereo Videoscited by 89
- 2022Rethinking Depth Estimation for Multi-View Stereo: A Unified Representationcited by 82
- 2022Neural 3D Reconstruction in the Wildcited by 79
- 2021Learning Signed Distance Field for Multi-view Surface Reconstructioncited by 76
- 2025STream3R: Scalable Sequential 3D Reconstruction with Causal Transformercited by 76
- 2021AA-RMVSNet: Adaptive Aggregation Recurrent Multi-view Stereo Networkcited by 71
- 2022NeuralUDF: Learning Unsigned Distance Fields for Multi-view Reconstruction of Surfaces with Arbitrary Topologiescited by 62
- 2022VolRecon: Volume Rendering of Signed Ray Distance Functions for Generalizable Multi-View Reconstructioncited by 61
- 2022Accurate and Efficient Stereo Matching via Attention Concatenation Volumecited by 59
- 2021IterMVS: Iterative Probability Estimation for Efficient Multi-View Stereocited by 56
- 2024LaRa: Efficient Large-Baseline Radiance Fieldscited by 54
- 2022STS: Surround-view Temporal Stereo for Multi-view 3D Detectioncited by 53
- 2022Multiview Stereo with Cascaded Epipolar RAFTcited by 51
- 2022MVSTER: Epipolar Transformer for Efficient Multi-View Stereocited by 50
- 2022MVSFormer: Multi-View Stereo by Learning Robust Image Features and Temperature-based Depthcited by 50
- 2023Direct2.5: Diverse Text-to-3D Generation via Multi-view 2.5D Diffusioncited by 50
- 2024VCR-GauS: View Consistent Depth-Normal Regularizer for Gaussian Surface Reconstructioncited by 50
- 2024MVSFormer++: Revealing the Devil in Transformer's Details for Multi-View Stereocited by 49
- 2021Multi-View Depth Estimation by Fusing Single-View Depth Probability with Multi-View Geometrycited by 46
- 2024PhyRecon: Physically Plausible Neural Scene Reconstructioncited by 44
- 2021MVS2D: Efficient Multi-view Stereo via Attention-Driven 2D Convolutionscited by 43
- 2021TANDEM: Tracking and Dense Mapping in Real-time using Deep Multi-view Stereocited by 39
- 2023R3D3: Dense 3D Reconstruction of Dynamic Scenes from Multiple Camerascited by 39
- 2025Matrix3D: Large Photogrammetry Model All-in-Onecited by 39
- 2021StereoPIFu: Depth Aware Clothed Human Digitization via Stereo Visioncited by 38
- 2023Differentiable Blocks World: Qualitative 3D Decomposition by Rendering Primitivescited by 37
- 20244D Gaussian Splatting with Scale-aware Residual Field and Adaptive Optimization for Real-time Rendering of Temporally Complex Dynamic Scenescited by 37
50 most cited of 252 All 252 (JSON)
- 2026CrossDepth: Geometry-Constrained Attention for Generalizable Multi-View Surround Depth Estimation4 Sep 2026
- 2026ZipMVS: Multi-View Stereo with Compressed Cost Volumes28 Aug 2026
- 2026ROAR-3D: Routing Arbitrary Views for High-Fidelity 3D Generation20 May 2026
- 2026UAVFF3D: A Geometry-Aware Benchmark for Feed-Forward UAV 3D Reconstruction18 May 2026
- 2026Attention Itself Could Retrieve.RetrieveVGGT: Training-Free Long Context Streaming 3D Reconstruction via Query-Key Similarity Retrieval10 May 2026
- 2026LingBot-Map: Geometric Context Transformer for Streaming 3D Reconstruction15 Apr 2026
- 20263DTV: A Feedforward Interpolation Network for Real-Time View Synthesis13 Apr 2026
- 2026A Comparison of Multi-View Stereo Methods for Photogrammetric 3D Reconstruction: From Traditional to Learning-Based Approaches11 Apr 2026
- 2026SparseSplat: Towards Applicable Feed-Forward 3D Gaussian Splatting with Pixel-Unaligned Prediction3 Apr 2026
- 2026RecGen3D: Reconstruction-Guided 3D Generation in a Shared Canonical Space1 Apr 2026
- 2026Compact Keyframe-Optimized Multi-Agent Gaussian Splatting SLAM1 Apr 2026
- 2026Reliev3R: Relieving Feed-forward Reconstruction from Multi-View Geometric Annotations1 Apr 2026
38 more
- 2026HeSS: Head Sensitivity Score for Sparsity Redistribution in VGGT26 Mar 2026
- 2026Training-Free Instance-Aware 3D Scene Reconstruction and Diffusion-Based View Synthesis from Sparse Images22 Mar 2026
- 2026Points-to-3D: Structure-Aware 3D Generation with Point Cloud Priors19 Mar 2026
- 2026Reference-Free Omnidirectional Stereo Matching via Multi-View Consistency Maximization16 Mar 2026
- 2026ReCoSplat: Online Feed-Forward Gaussian Splatting via Render-and-Compare10 Mar 2026
- 2026VGGT-Det: Mining VGGT Internal Priors for Sensor-Geometry-Free Multi-View Indoor 3D Object Detection1 Mar 2026
- 2026SwiftNDC: Fast Neural Depth Correction for High-Fidelity 3D Reconstruction26 Feb 2026
- 2026tttLRM: Test-Time Training for Long Context and Autoregressive 3D Reconstruction23 Feb 2026
- 2026LongStream: Long-Sequence Streaming Autoregressive Visual Geometry13 Feb 2026
- 20264RC: 4D Reconstruction via Conditional Querying Anytime and Anywhere10 Feb 2026
- 2026Affostruction: 3D Affordance Grounding with Generative Reconstruction14 Jan 2026
- 2025StereoMV2D: A Sparse Temporal Stereo-Enhanced Framework for Robust Multi-View 3D Object Detection19 Dec 2025
- 2025SceneDiff: A Benchmark and Method for Multiview Object Change Detection18 Dec 2025
- 2025Robust Shape from Focus via Multiscale Directional Dilated Laplacian and Recurrent Network11 Dec 2025
- 2025Emergent Outlier View Rejection in Visual Geometry Grounded Transformers3 Dec 2025
- 2025CylinderDepth: Cylindrical Spatial Attention for Multi-View Consistent Self-Supervised Surround Depth Estimation20 Nov 2025
- 2025MVSMamba: Multi-View Stereo with State Space Model3 Nov 2025
- 2025ReconViaGen: Towards Accurate Multi-view 3D Object Reconstruction via Generation27 Oct 2025
- 2025Gesplat: Robust Pose-Free 3D Reconstruction via Geometry-Guided Gaussian Splatting11 Oct 2025
- 2025Lightweight and Accurate Multi-View Stereo with Confidence-Aware Diffusion Model18 Sep 2025
- 2025Disentangled Geometry and Appearance for Efficient Multi-View Surface Reconstruction and Rendering24 Aug 2025
- 2025STream3R: Scalable Sequential 3D Reconstruction with Causal Transformer14 Aug 2025
- 2025MuGS: Multi-Baseline Generalizable Gaussian Splatting Reconstruction6 Aug 2025
- 2025Unposed 3DGS Reconstruction with Probabilistic Procrustes Mapping24 Jul 2025
- 2025Diffuman4D: 4D Consistent Human View Synthesis from Sparse-View Videos with Spatio-Temporal Diffusion Models17 Jul 2025
- 2025MonoMVSNet: Monocular Priors Guided Multi-View Stereo Network15 Jul 2025
- 2025Generalizable Neural Reconstruction of High-Fidelity Surfaces via Sparse Volumetric Representations8 Jul 2025
- 2025DVP-MVS++: Synergize Depth-Normal-Edge and Harmonized Visibility Prior for Multi-View Stereo16 Jun 2025
- 2025Aerial Multi-View Stereo via Adaptive Depth Range Inference and Normal Cues6 Jun 2025
- 2025SplatCo: Structure-View Collaborative Gaussian Splatting for Detail-Preserving Rendering of Large-Scale Unbounded Scenes23 May 2025
- 2025Multi-view dense image matching with similarity learning and geometry priors16 May 2025
- 2025Blending 3D Geometry and Machine Learning for Multi-View Stereopsis6 May 2025
- 2025Boosting Multi-View Stereo with Depth Foundation Model in the Absence of Real-World Labels16 Apr 2025
- 2025Scene4U: Hierarchical Layered 3D Scene Reconstruction from Single Panoramic Image for Your Immerse Exploration1 Apr 2025
- 2025Detail-aware multi-view stereo network for depth estimation31 Mar 2025
- 2025ICG-MVSNet: Learning Intra-view and Cross-view Relationships for Guidance in Multi-View Stereo27 Mar 2025
- 2025Multi-view Reconstruction via SfM-guided Monocular Depth Estimation18 Mar 2025
- 2025SED-MVS: Segmentation-Driven and Edge-Aligned Deformation Multi-View Stereo with Depth Restoration and Occlusion Constraint17 Mar 2025
50 newest of 252 All 252 (JSON)
- 2023Magic123: One Image to High-Quality 3D Object Generation Using Both 2D and 3D Diffusion Priorscited by 395
- 2023Direct2.5: Diverse Text-to-3D Generation via Multi-view 2.5D Diffusioncited by 50
- 2025Diffuman4D: 4D Consistent Human View Synthesis from Sparse-View Videos with Spatio-Temporal Diffusion Modelscited by 17
- 2025Lightweight and Accurate Multi-View Stereo with Confidence-Aware Diffusion Modelcited by 4
- 2023EfficientDreamer: High-Fidelity and Robust 3D Creation via Orthogonal-view Diffusion Priorcited by 2
- 2024View Transformation Robustness for Multi-View 3D Object Reconstruction with Reconstruction Error-Guided View Selectioncited by 1
- 2025Lightweight and Accurate Multi-View Stereo with Confidence-Aware Diffusion Model18 Sep 2025
- 2025Diffuman4D: 4D Consistent Human View Synthesis from Sparse-View Videos with Spatio-Temporal Diffusion Models17 Jul 2025
- 2024View Transformation Robustness for Multi-View 3D Object Reconstruction with Reconstruction Error-Guided View Selection16 Dec 2024
- 2023Direct2.5: Diverse Text-to-3D Generation via Multi-view 2.5D Diffusion27 Nov 2023
- 2023EfficientDreamer: High-Fidelity and Robust 3D Creation via Orthogonal-view Diffusion Prior25 Aug 2023
- 2023Magic123: One Image to High-Quality 3D Object Generation Using Both 2D and 3D Diffusion Priors30 Jun 2023
- 2025MVSMamba: Multi-View Stereo with State Space Modelcited by 1
- 2025MVSMamba: Multi-View Stereo with State Space Model3 Nov 2025
- 2021MVSNeRF: Fast Generalizable Radiance Field Reconstruction from Multi-View Stereocited by 735
- 2021UNISURF: Unifying Neural Implicit Surfaces and Radiance Fields for Multi-View Reconstructioncited by 643
- 2022BEVDepth: Acquisition of Reliable Depth for Multi-view 3D Object Detectioncited by 568
- 2022MonoSDF: Exploring Monocular Geometric Cues for Neural Implicit Surface Reconstructioncited by 467
- 2024GS-LRM: Large Reconstruction Model for 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 344
- 2023MVImgNet: A Large-scale Dataset of Multi-view Imagescited by 219
- 2021Pixel-Perfect Structure-from-Motion with Featuremetric Refinementcited by 199
- 2021GeoNeRF: Generalizing NeRF with Geometry Priorscited by 195
- 2023Iterative Geometry Encoding Volume for Stereo Matchingcited by 188
- 2022Time Will Tell: New Outlooks and A Baseline for Temporal Multi-View 3D Object Detectioncited by 177
- 2025FLARE: Feed-forward Geometry, Appearance and Camera Estimation from Uncalibrated Sparse Viewscited by 176
- 2022SparseNeuS: Fast Generalizable Neural Surface Reconstruction from Sparse Viewscited by 175
12 most cited of 244 All 244 (JSON)
- 2026CrossDepth: Geometry-Constrained Attention for Generalizable Multi-View Surround Depth Estimation4 Sep 2026
- 2026ZipMVS: Multi-View Stereo with Compressed Cost Volumes28 Aug 2026
- 2026ROAR-3D: Routing Arbitrary Views for High-Fidelity 3D Generation20 May 2026
- 2026UAVFF3D: A Geometry-Aware Benchmark for Feed-Forward UAV 3D Reconstruction18 May 2026
- 2026Attention Itself Could Retrieve.RetrieveVGGT: Training-Free Long Context Streaming 3D Reconstruction via Query-Key Similarity Retrieval10 May 2026
- 2026LingBot-Map: Geometric Context Transformer for Streaming 3D Reconstruction15 Apr 2026
- 20263DTV: A Feedforward Interpolation Network for Real-Time View Synthesis13 Apr 2026
- 2026A Comparison of Multi-View Stereo Methods for Photogrammetric 3D Reconstruction: From Traditional to Learning-Based Approaches11 Apr 2026
- 2026SparseSplat: Towards Applicable Feed-Forward 3D Gaussian Splatting with Pixel-Unaligned Prediction3 Apr 2026
- 2026RecGen3D: Reconstruction-Guided 3D Generation in a Shared Canonical Space1 Apr 2026
- 2026Compact Keyframe-Optimized Multi-Agent Gaussian Splatting SLAM1 Apr 2026
- 2026Reliev3R: Relieving Feed-forward Reconstruction from Multi-View Geometric Annotations1 Apr 2026
12 newest of 244 All 244 (JSON)