StreamAvatar: Streaming Diffusion Models for Real-Time Interactive Human Avatars
On the map: Diffusion models → Audio, speech and music
Abstract (arXiv)
Real-time, streaming interactive avatars represent a critical yet challenging goal in digital human research. Although diffusion-based human avatar generation methods achieve remarkable success, their non-causal architecture and high computational costs make them unsuitable for streaming. Moreover, existing interactive approaches are typically restricted to the head-and-shoulder region, limiting their ability to produce gestures and body motions. To address these challenges, we propose a two-stage autoregressive adaptation and acceleration framework that applies autoregressive distillation and adversarial refinement to adapt a high-fidelity human video diffusion model for real-time, interactive streaming. To ensure long-term stability and consistency, we introduce three key components: a Reference Sink, a Reference-Anchored Positional Re-encoding (RAPR) strategy, and a Consistency-Aware Discriminator. Building on this framework, we develop a one-shot, interactive, human avatar model capable of generating both natural talking and listening behaviors with coherent gestures. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our method achieves state-of-the-art performance, surpassing existing approaches in generation quality, real-time efficiency, and interaction naturalness. Project page: https://streamavatar.github.io .
Key facts. Cited by 24 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Audio, speech and music, one of 14 directions in Diffusion models. Builds on 58 of its 67 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 26 Dec 2025.
Builds on
58 of 67 references.
Closest ancestors · 6
Same direction, newest first
- 2025StableAvatar: Infinite-Length Audio-Driven Avatar Video Generation11 Aug
- 2025LLIA -- Enabling Low-Latency Interactive Avatars: Real-Time Audio-Driven Portrait Video Generation with Diffusion Models6 Jun
- 2025TalkingMachines: Real-Time Audio-Driven FaceTime-Style Video via Autoregressive Diffusion Models3 Jun
- 2024Hallo3: Highly Dynamic and Realistic Portrait Image Animation with Video Diffusion Transformer1 Dec
- 2024CyberHost: Taming Audio-driven Avatar Diffusion Model with Region Codebook Attention3 Sep
- 2024EMO: Emote Portrait Alive -- Generating Expressive Portrait Videos with Audio2Video Diffusion Model under Weak Conditions27 Feb
Other references · 52
- 2023BLIP-2: Bootstrapping Language-Image Pre-training with Frozen Image Encoders and Large Language Modelscited by 6,069
- 2022Scalable Diffusion Models with Transformerscited by 5,931
- 2022Flow Matching for Generative Modelingcited by 5,426
- 2021RoFormer: Enhanced Transformer with Rotary Position Embeddingcited by 4,581
- 2020wav2vec 2.0: A Framework for Self-Supervised Learning of Speech Representationscited by 3,853
- 2022Flow Straight and Fast: Learning to Generate and Transfer Data with Rectified Flowcited by 3,550
- 2025Wan: Open and Advanced Large-Scale Video Generative Modelscited by 2,536
- 2023One-step Diffusion with Distribution Matching Distillationcited by 978
- 2018Which Training Methods for GANs do actually Converge?cited by 672
- 2020A Lip Sync Expert Is All You Need for Speech to Lip Generation In The Wildcited by 669
- 2024Diffusion Forcing: Next-token Prediction Meets Full-Sequence Diffusioncited by 634
- 2025Self Forcing: Bridging the Train-Test Gap in Autoregressive Video Diffusioncited by 569
38 more
- 2023Q-Align: Teaching LMMs for Visual Scoring via Discrete Text-Defined Levelscited by 489
- 2024From Slow Bidirectional to Fast Autoregressive Video Diffusion Modelscited by 401
- 2022SadTalker: Learning Realistic 3D Motion Coefficients for Stylized Audio-Driven Single Image Talking Face Animationcited by 380
- 2021AD-NeRF: Audio Driven Neural Radiance Fields for Talking Head Synthesiscited by 339
- 2020MakeItTalk: Speaker-Aware Talking-Head Animationcited by 310
- 2025VBench-2.0: Advancing Video Generation Benchmark Suite for Intrinsic Faithfulnesscited by 289
- 2021Pose-Controllable Talking Face Generation by Implicitly Modularized Audio-Visual Representationcited by 288
- 2025LongLive: Real-time Interactive Long Video Generationcited by 237
- 2018The relativistic discriminator: a key element missing from standard GANcited by 234
- 2024Score identity Distillation: Exponentially Fast Distillation of Pretrained Diffusion Models for One-Step Generationcited by 211
- 2024EchoMimic: Lifelike Audio-Driven Portrait Animations through Editable Landmark Conditionscited by 196
- 2024VASA-1: Lifelike Audio-Driven Talking Faces Generated in Real Timecited by 186
- 2025Self-Forcing++: Towards Minute-Scale High-Quality Video Generationcited by 176
- 2025Diffusion Adversarial Post-Training for One-Step Video Generationcited by 142
- 2023GeneFace: Generalized and High-Fidelity Audio-Driven 3D Talking Face Synthesiscited by 131
- 2025OmniHuman-1: Rethinking the Scaling-Up of One-Stage Conditioned Human Animation Modelscited by 127
- 2022Learning to Listen: Modeling Non-Deterministic Dyadic Facial Motioncited by 125
- 2021Is Someone Speaking? Exploring Long-term Temporal Features for Audio-visual Active Speaker Detectioncited by 110
- 2023StyleTalk: One-shot Talking Head Generation with Controllable Speaking Stylescited by 92
- 2025Autoregressive Adversarial Post-Training for Real-Time Interactive Video Generationcited by 84
- 2025FantasyTalking: Realistic Talking Portrait Generation via Coherent Motion Synthesiscited by 77
- 2025OmniAvatar: Efficient Audio-Driven Avatar Video Generation with Adaptive Body Animationcited by 77
- 2024Sonic: Shifting Focus to Global Audio Perception in Portrait Animationcited by 70
- 2024EchoMimicV2: Towards Striking, Simplified, and Semi-Body Human Animationcited by 69
- 2021Responsive Listening Head Generation: A Benchmark Dataset and Baselinecited by 67
- 2025HunyuanVideo-Avatar: High-Fidelity Audio-Driven Human Animation for Multiple Characterscited by 64
- 2024TalkingGaussian: Structure-Persistent 3D Talking Head Synthesis via Gaussian Splattingcited by 60
- 2025The GAN is dead; long live the GAN! A Modern GAN Baselinecited by 57
- 2024INFP: Audio-Driven Interactive Head Generation in Dyadic Conversationscited by 40
- 2024Dyadic Interaction Modeling for Social Behavior Generationcited by 32
- 2025EchoMimicV3: 1.3B Parameters are All You Need for Unified Multi-Modal and Multi-Task Human Animationcited by 28
- 2025SpeakerVid-5M: A Large-Scale High-Quality Dataset for Audio-Visual Dyadic Interactive Human Generationcited by 27
- 2024CustomListener: Text-guided Responsive Interaction for User-friendly Listening Head Generationcited by 22
- 2025MIDAS: Multimodal Interactive Digital-humAn Synthesis via Real-time Autoregressive Video Generationcited by 18
- 2025ARIG: Autoregressive Interactive Head Generation for Real-time Conversationscited by 16
- 2025X-Streamer: Unified Human World Modeling with Audiovisual Interactioncited by 16
- 2025SyncTalk++: High-Fidelity and Efficient Synchronized Talking Heads Synthesis Using Gaussian Splattingcited by 9
- 2023MusicFace: Music-driven Expressive Singing Face Synthesiscited by 5
50 most cited of 52 All 52 (JSON)
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2026: 24.
24 papers.
Sort:
By area:
- 2026Causal Forcing: Autoregressive Diffusion Distillation Done Right for High-Quality Real-Time Interactive Video Generationcited by 159
- 2026Causal Forcing++: Scalable Few-Step Autoregressive Diffusion Distillation for Real-Time Interactive Video Generationcited by 44
- 2026minWM: A Full-Stack Open-Source Framework for Real-Time Interactive Video World Modelscited by 19
- 2026Wan-Streamer v0.1: End-to-end Real-time Interactive Foundation Modelscited by 7
- 2026AvatarForcing: One-Step Streaming Talking Avatars via Local-Future Sliding-Window Denoisingcited by 6
- 2026Efficient Video Diffusion Models: Advancements and Challengescited by 6
- 2026Video Generation Models as World Models: Efficient Paradigms, Architectures and Algorithmscited by 5
- 2026InteractiveAvatar: Real-Time Streaming Video Generation for Consistent and Intent-Aware Avatarscited by 4
- 2026Wan-Streamer v0.2: Higher Resolution, Same Latencycited by 2
- 2026Video = World + Event Streamcited by 2
- 2026Ms. Forcing: Efficient Streaming Video Generation with Multi-Scale Patchification and Attentioncited by 2
- 2026InteracVid: Building a Real Interactive Audio-Visual Response Dataset from Live-Chat Videoscited by 2
12 more
- 2026ESOM: Efficiently Understanding Streaming Video Anomalies with Open-world Dynamic Definitionscited by 1
- 2026Avatar-Forever: Decoupled Parallel Training for High-Quality Real-Time Infinite Avatarscited by 1
- 2026DynaForcing: Overcoming Dynamic Collapse in Self-Forcing Distillation for Streaming Avatar Generationcited by 1
- 2026EchoTorrent: Towards Swift, Sustained, and Streaming Multi-Modal Video Generationcited by 0
- 2026ECHO: Towards Emotionally Appropriate and Contextually Aware Interactive Head Generationcited by 0
- 2026MindFlow: Harmonizing Cognitive Semantics and Acoustic Dynamics for Facial Animation Generation in Dyadic Conversationscited by 0
- 2026OmniMate: Open-Ended Real-Time Streaming Audio-Visual Generation for Interactive Avatarscited by 0
- 2026Vorch-Streamer: Extending Human Audio-Visual Generation to Real-Time Long-Form Streamingcited by 0
- 2026Ex-Omni-2D: Expressive Omni-Modal Dialogue Models with Native Visual Presencecited by 0
- 2026InfinityEdit: Infinite Video Editing with a Lightweight Edit-Ignition Adaptercited by 0
- 2026Decoupled Self-Forcing Distillation for Streaming Talking Head Generationcited by 0
- 2026LongLive-Plug: Once-for-All Distillation for Video Generationcited by 0
- 2026LongLive-Plug: Once-for-All Distillation for Video Generation29 Sep 2026
- 2026Decoupled Self-Forcing Distillation for Streaming Talking Head Generation9 Sep 2026
- 2026InfinityEdit: Infinite Video Editing with a Lightweight Edit-Ignition Adapter21 Aug 2026
- 2026DynaForcing: Overcoming Dynamic Collapse in Self-Forcing Distillation for Streaming Avatar Generation18 Aug 2026
- 2026Avatar-Forever: Decoupled Parallel Training for High-Quality Real-Time Infinite Avatars12 Aug 2026
- 2026Ex-Omni-2D: Expressive Omni-Modal Dialogue Models with Native Visual Presence11 Aug 2026
- 2026Vorch-Streamer: Extending Human Audio-Visual Generation to Real-Time Long-Form Streaming6 Aug 2026
- 2026InteracVid: Building a Real Interactive Audio-Visual Response Dataset from Live-Chat Videos2 Aug 2026
- 2026OmniMate: Open-Ended Real-Time Streaming Audio-Visual Generation for Interactive Avatars25 Jul 2026
- 2026Ms. Forcing: Efficient Streaming Video Generation with Multi-Scale Patchification and Attention23 Jul 2026
- 2026Video = World + Event Stream16 Jul 2026
- 2026Wan-Streamer v0.2: Higher Resolution, Same Latency5 Jul 2026
12 more
- 2026MindFlow: Harmonizing Cognitive Semantics and Acoustic Dynamics for Facial Animation Generation in Dyadic Conversations26 Jun 2026
- 2026Wan-Streamer v0.1: End-to-end Real-time Interactive Foundation Models23 Jun 2026
- 2026InteractiveAvatar: Real-Time Streaming Video Generation for Consistent and Intent-Aware Avatars22 Jun 2026
- 2026minWM: A Full-Stack Open-Source Framework for Real-Time Interactive Video World Models28 May 2026
- 2026Causal Forcing++: Scalable Few-Step Autoregressive Diffusion Distillation for Real-Time Interactive Video Generation14 May 2026
- 2026Efficient Video Diffusion Models: Advancements and Challenges17 Apr 2026
- 2026ESOM: Efficiently Understanding Streaming Video Anomalies with Open-world Dynamic Definitions9 Apr 2026
- 2026Video Generation Models as World Models: Efficient Paradigms, Architectures and Algorithms30 Mar 2026
- 2026ECHO: Towards Emotionally Appropriate and Contextually Aware Interactive Head Generation18 Mar 2026
- 2026AvatarForcing: One-Step Streaming Talking Avatars via Local-Future Sliding-Window Denoising15 Mar 2026
- 2026EchoTorrent: Towards Swift, Sustained, and Streaming Multi-Modal Video Generation14 Feb 2026
- 2026Causal Forcing: Autoregressive Diffusion Distillation Done Right for High-Quality Real-Time Interactive Video Generation2 Feb 2026
- 2026Causal Forcing: Autoregressive Diffusion Distillation Done Right for High-Quality Real-Time Interactive Video Generationcited by 159
- 2026Causal Forcing++: Scalable Few-Step Autoregressive Diffusion Distillation for Real-Time Interactive Video Generationcited by 44
- 2026Efficient Video Diffusion Models: Advancements and Challengescited by 6
- 2026Ms. Forcing: Efficient Streaming Video Generation with Multi-Scale Patchification and Attentioncited by 2
- 2026OmniMate: Open-Ended Real-Time Streaming Audio-Visual Generation for Interactive Avatarscited by 0
- 2026Decoupled Self-Forcing Distillation for Streaming Talking Head Generationcited by 0
- 2026LongLive-Plug: Once-for-All Distillation for Video Generationcited by 0
- 2026LongLive-Plug: Once-for-All Distillation for Video Generation29 Sep 2026
- 2026Decoupled Self-Forcing Distillation for Streaming Talking Head Generation9 Sep 2026
- 2026OmniMate: Open-Ended Real-Time Streaming Audio-Visual Generation for Interactive Avatars25 Jul 2026
- 2026Ms. Forcing: Efficient Streaming Video Generation with Multi-Scale Patchification and Attention23 Jul 2026
- 2026Causal Forcing++: Scalable Few-Step Autoregressive Diffusion Distillation for Real-Time Interactive Video Generation14 May 2026
- 2026Efficient Video Diffusion Models: Advancements and Challenges17 Apr 2026
- 2026Causal Forcing: Autoregressive Diffusion Distillation Done Right for High-Quality Real-Time Interactive Video Generation2 Feb 2026
- 2026Wan-Streamer v0.1: End-to-end Real-time Interactive Foundation Modelscited by 7
- 2026AvatarForcing: One-Step Streaming Talking Avatars via Local-Future Sliding-Window Denoisingcited by 6
- 2026InteractiveAvatar: Real-Time Streaming Video Generation for Consistent and Intent-Aware Avatarscited by 4
- 2026Wan-Streamer v0.2: Higher Resolution, Same Latencycited by 2
- 2026Video = World + Event Streamcited by 2
- 2026InteracVid: Building a Real Interactive Audio-Visual Response Dataset from Live-Chat Videoscited by 2
- 2026ESOM: Efficiently Understanding Streaming Video Anomalies with Open-world Dynamic Definitionscited by 1
- 2026Avatar-Forever: Decoupled Parallel Training for High-Quality Real-Time Infinite Avatarscited by 1
- 2026DynaForcing: Overcoming Dynamic Collapse in Self-Forcing Distillation for Streaming Avatar Generationcited by 1
- 2026EchoTorrent: Towards Swift, Sustained, and Streaming Multi-Modal Video Generationcited by 0
- 2026ECHO: Towards Emotionally Appropriate and Contextually Aware Interactive Head Generationcited by 0
- 2026MindFlow: Harmonizing Cognitive Semantics and Acoustic Dynamics for Facial Animation Generation in Dyadic Conversationscited by 0
12 most cited of 15 All 15 (JSON)
- 2026InfinityEdit: Infinite Video Editing with a Lightweight Edit-Ignition Adapter21 Aug 2026
- 2026DynaForcing: Overcoming Dynamic Collapse in Self-Forcing Distillation for Streaming Avatar Generation18 Aug 2026
- 2026Avatar-Forever: Decoupled Parallel Training for High-Quality Real-Time Infinite Avatars12 Aug 2026
- 2026Ex-Omni-2D: Expressive Omni-Modal Dialogue Models with Native Visual Presence11 Aug 2026
- 2026Vorch-Streamer: Extending Human Audio-Visual Generation to Real-Time Long-Form Streaming6 Aug 2026
- 2026InteracVid: Building a Real Interactive Audio-Visual Response Dataset from Live-Chat Videos2 Aug 2026
- 2026Video = World + Event Stream16 Jul 2026
- 2026Wan-Streamer v0.2: Higher Resolution, Same Latency5 Jul 2026
- 2026MindFlow: Harmonizing Cognitive Semantics and Acoustic Dynamics for Facial Animation Generation in Dyadic Conversations26 Jun 2026
- 2026Wan-Streamer v0.1: End-to-end Real-time Interactive Foundation Models23 Jun 2026
- 2026InteractiveAvatar: Real-Time Streaming Video Generation for Consistent and Intent-Aware Avatars22 Jun 2026
- 2026ESOM: Efficiently Understanding Streaming Video Anomalies with Open-world Dynamic Definitions9 Apr 2026
12 newest of 15 All 15 (JSON)
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2026Omni-LiveAvatar: Minute-Level Real-Time Streaming Joint Audio-Video Avatar Generation
- 2025Live Avatar: Streaming Real-time Audio-Driven Avatar Generation with Infinite Length
- 2026Avatar Forcing: Real-Time Interactive Head Avatar Generation for Natural Conversation
- 2026Hallo-Live: Real-Time Streaming Joint Audio-Video Avatar Generation with Asynchronous Dual-Stream and Human-Centric Preference Distillation
- 2024VLOGGER: Multimodal Diffusion for Embodied Avatar Synthesis
- 2026Where and When to Force: Routed Forcing for Streaming Avatars
- 2024Real-time One-Step Diffusion-based Expressive Portrait Videos Generation
- 2026LiveAnimate: Stable Long-Form Streaming Human Animation in Real-Time