mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

GaussianDiffusion: 3D Gaussian Splatting for Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Models with Structured Noise

arXiv 2311.11221 ↗First posted 19 Nov 2023cs.CVcited by 30

On the map: Diffusion models → 3D, point cloud and scene generation

Abstract (arXiv)

Text-to-3D, known for its efficient generation methods and expansive creative potential, has garnered significant attention in the AIGC domain. However, the pixel-wise rendering of NeRF and its ray marching light sampling constrain the rendering speed, impacting its utility in downstream industrial applications. Gaussian Splatting has recently shown a trend of replacing the traditional pointwise sampling technique commonly used in NeRF-based methodologies, and it is changing various aspects of 3D reconstruction. This paper introduces a novel text to 3D content generation framework, Gaussian Diffusion, based on Gaussian Splatting and produces more realistic renderings. The challenge of achieving multi-view consistency in 3D generation significantly impedes modeling complexity and accuracy. Taking inspiration from SJC, we explore employing multi-view noise distributions to perturb images generated by 3D Gaussian Splatting, aiming to rectify inconsistencies in multi-view geometry. We ingeniously devise an efficient method to generate noise that produces Gaussian noise from diverse viewpoints, all originating from a shared noise source. Furthermore, vanilla 3D Gaussian-based generation tends to trap models in local minima, causing artifacts like floaters, burrs, or proliferative elements. To mitigate these issues, we propose the variational Gaussian Splatting technique to enhance the quality and stability of 3D appearance. To our knowledge, our approach represents the first comprehensive utilization of Gaussian Diffusion across the entire spectrum of 3D content generation processes.

Key facts. Cited by 30 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in 3D, point cloud and scene generation, one of 14 directions in Diffusion models. Builds on 47 of its 53 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 19 Nov 2023.

Builds on

47 of 53 references.

Closest ancestors · 17

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2023Zero123++: a Single Image to Consistent Multi-view Diffusion Base Model23 Oct
  2. 2023SweetDreamer: Aligning Geometric Priors in 2D Diffusion for Consistent Text-to-3D4 Oct
  3. 2023SyncDreamer: Generating Multiview-consistent Images from a Single-view Image7 Sep
  4. 2023MVDream: Multi-view Diffusion for 3D Generation31 Aug
  5. 2023Points-to-3D: Bridging the Gap between Sparse Points and Shape-Controllable Text-to-3D Generation26 Jul
  6. 2023Magic123: One Image to High-Quality 3D Object Generation Using Both 2D and 3D Diffusion Priors30 Jun
  7. 2023One-2-3-45: Any Single Image to 3D Mesh in 45 Seconds without Per-Shape Optimization29 Jun
  8. 2023ProlificDreamer: High-Fidelity and Diverse Text-to-3D Generation with Variational Score Distillation25 May
  9. 2023TextMesh: Generation of Realistic 3D Meshes From Text Prompts24 Apr
  10. 2023Make-It-3D: High-Fidelity 3D Creation from A Single Image with Diffusion Prior24 Mar
  11. 2023Fantasia3D: Disentangling Geometry and Appearance for High-quality Text-to-3D Content Creation24 Mar
  12. 2023Zero-1-to-3: Zero-shot One Image to 3D Object20 Mar
5 more
  1. 2023Let 2D Diffusion Model Know 3D-Consistency for Robust Text-to-3D Generation14 Mar
  2. 2022Point-E: A System for Generating 3D Point Clouds from Complex Prompts16 Dec
  3. 2022Score Jacobian Chaining: Lifting Pretrained 2D Diffusion Models for 3D Generation1 Dec
  4. 2022Magic3D: High-Resolution Text-to-3D Content Creation18 Nov
  5. 2022DreamFusion: Text-to-3D using 2D Diffusion29 Sep

Other references · 30

  1. 2021Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervisioncited by 33,456
  2. 2020An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at Scalecited by 29,915
  3. 2020Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 20,851
  4. 2021High-Resolution Image Synthesis with Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 18,694
  5. 2014Microsoft COCO: Common Objects in Contextcited by 17,498
  6. 2021LoRA: Low-Rank Adaptation of Large Language Modelscited by 14,084
  7. 2020Score-Based Generative Modeling through Stochastic Differential Equationscited by 8,964
  8. 2022Hierarchical Text-Conditional Image Generation with CLIP Latentscited by 6,539
  9. 2022Photorealistic Text-to-Image Diffusion Models with Deep Language Understandingcited by 6,322
  10. 20233D Gaussian Splatting for Real-Time Radiance Field Renderingcited by 6,141
  11. 2023Adding Conditional Control to Text-to-Image Diffusion Modelscited by 5,466
  12. 2019Generative Modeling by Estimating Gradients of the Data Distributioncited by 4,067
18 more
  1. 2022Instant Neural Graphics Primitives with a Multiresolution Hash Encodingcited by 3,698
  2. 2021GLIDE: Towards Photorealistic Image Generation and Editing with Text-Guided Diffusion Modelscited by 3,595
  3. 2021Mip-NeRF: A Multiscale Representation for Anti-Aliasing Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 1,957
  4. 2020pixelNeRF: Neural Radiance Fields from One or Few Imagescited by 1,574
  5. 2022Objaverse: A Universe of Annotated 3D Objectscited by 1,522
  6. 2020D-NeRF: Neural Radiance Fields for Dynamic Scenescited by 1,459
  7. 2021Efficient Geometry-aware 3D Generative Adversarial Networkscited by 1,204
  8. 2020Improved Techniques for Training Score-Based Generative Modelscited by 1,036
  9. 2021PlenOctrees for Real-time Rendering of Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 904
  10. 2023DreamGaussian: Generative Gaussian Splatting for Efficient 3D Content Creationcited by 837
  11. 2020Neural Body: Implicit Neural Representations with Structured Latent Codes for Novel View Synthesis of Dynamic Humanscited by 634
  12. 2021NICE-SLAM: Neural Implicit Scalable Encoding for SLAMcited by 586
  13. 2021iMAP: Implicit Mapping and Positioning in Real-Timecited by 476
  14. 2022MobileNeRF: Exploiting the Polygon Rasterization Pipeline for Efficient Neural Field Rendering on Mobile Architecturescited by 308
  15. 2022TANGO: Text-driven Photorealistic and Robust 3D Stylization via Lighting Decompositioncited by 83
  16. 2023FocalDreamer: Text-driven 3D Editing via Focal-fusion Assemblycited by 75
  17. 2020SMPLpix: Neural Avatars from 3D Human Modelscited by 69
  18. 2023vMAP: Vectorised Object Mapping for Neural Field SLAMcited by 67

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2024: 21; 2025: 6; 2026: 3.

30 papers.

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By area:

  1. 2024GRM: Large Gaussian Reconstruction Model for Efficient 3D Reconstruction and Generationcited by 298
  2. 2024A Survey on 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 221
  3. 2024Recent Advances in 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 130
  4. 2024GALA3D: Towards Text-to-3D Complex Scene Generation via Layout-guided Generative Gaussian Splattingcited by 104
  5. 2024Era3D: High-Resolution Multiview Diffusion using Efficient Row-wise Attentioncited by 99
  6. 20243D Gaussian Splatting: Survey, Technologies, Challenges, and Opportunitiescited by 77
  7. 2025A Survey of World Models for Autonomous Drivingcited by 60
  8. 2025Amodal3R: Amodal 3D Reconstruction from Occluded 2D Imagescited by 52
  9. 2024GGHead: Fast and Generalizable 3D Gaussian Headscited by 51
  10. 2024RoboGSim: A Real2Sim2Real Robotic Gaussian Splatting Simulatorcited by 50
  11. 2024SceneTeller: Language-to-3D Scene Generationcited by 43
  12. 2024L3DG: Latent 3D Gaussian Diffusioncited by 42
18 more
  1. 2024Gaussian Splatting: 3D Reconstruction and Novel View Synthesis, a Reviewcited by 40
  2. 2024On the Error Analysis of 3D Gaussian Splatting and an Optimal Projection Strategycited by 39
  3. 2024Img2CAD: Conditioned 3D CAD Model Generation from Single Image with Structured Visual Geometrycited by 35
  4. 2024BrightDreamer: Generic 3D Gaussian Generative Framework for Fast Text-to-3D Synthesiscited by 20
  5. 2025Instant GaussianImage: A Generalizable and Self-Adaptive Image Representation via 2D Gaussian Splattingcited by 17
  6. 2024DreamScape: 3D Scene Creation via Gaussian Splatting joint Correlation Modelingcited by 7
  7. 2024X-Oscar: A Progressive Framework for High-quality Text-guided 3D Animatable Avatar Generationcited by 5
  8. 2024Dual-Camera Smooth Zoom on Mobile Phonescited by 4
  9. 2025FRIDU: Functional Map Refinement with Guided Image Diffusioncited by 4
  10. 2024GaussianPainter: Painting Point Cloud into 3D Gaussians with Normal Guidancecited by 3
  11. 2025Complete Gaussian Splats from a Single Image with Denoising Diffusion Modelscited by 2
  12. 2026WNM-3D: A World Navigation Model with 3D Scene Conditioning for Closed-Loop VLNcited by 2
  13. 2024GaussianPU: A Hybrid 2D-3D Upsampling Framework for Enhancing Color Point Clouds via 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 1
  14. 2024TSGaussian: Semantic and Depth-Guided Target-Specific Gaussian Splatting from Sparse Viewscited by 1
  15. 2025Image2Gcode: Image-to-G-code Generation for Additive Manufacturing Using Diffusion-Transformer Modelcited by 1
  16. 2026Pano3DComposer: Feed-Forward Compositional 3D Scene Generation from Single Panoramic Imagecited by 1
  17. 2026Sparse auto-regressive modeling for scene generation from multi-view imagescited by 1
  18. 2024GPN: Generative Point-based NeRFcited by 0

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2024DiffGS: Functional Gaussian Splatting Diffusion
  2. 2024GSD: View-Guided Gaussian Splatting Diffusion for 3D Reconstruction
  3. 2023Learn to Optimize Denoising Scores for 3D Generation: A Unified and Improved Diffusion Prior on NeRF and 3D Gaussian Splatting
  4. 2026PixGS: Pixel-Space Diffusion for Direct 3D Gaussian Splat Generation
  5. 2025Generative Gaussian Splatting: Generating 3D Scenes with Video Diffusion Priors
  6. 2024Enhancing Single Image to 3D Generation using Gaussian Splatting and Hybrid Diffusion Priors
  7. 2023Text-to-3D using Gaussian Splatting
  8. 2025DiffSplat: Repurposing Image Diffusion Models for Scalable Gaussian Splat Generation