RUST: Latent Neural Scene Representations from Unposed Imagery
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Abstract (arXiv)
Inferring the structure of 3D scenes from 2D observations is a fundamental challenge in computer vision. Recently popularized approaches based on neural scene representations have achieved tremendous impact and have been applied across a variety of applications. One of the major remaining challenges in this space is training a single model which can provide latent representations which effectively generalize beyond a single scene. Scene Representation Transformer (SRT) has shown promise in this direction, but scaling it to a larger set of diverse scenes is challenging and necessitates accurately posed ground truth data. To address this problem, we propose RUST (Really Unposed Scene representation Transformer), a pose-free approach to novel view synthesis trained on RGB images alone. Our main insight is that one can train a Pose Encoder that peeks at the target image and learns a latent pose embedding which is used by the decoder for view synthesis. We perform an empirical investigation into the learned latent pose structure and show that it allows meaningful test-time camera transformations and accurate explicit pose readouts. Perhaps surprisingly, RUST achieves similar quality as methods which have access to perfect camera pose, thereby unlocking the potential for large-scale training of amortized neural scene representations.
Key facts. Cited by 41 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 24 of its 32 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 25 Nov 2022.
Builds on
24 of 32 references.
References · 24
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- 2018The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Deep Features as a Perceptual Metriccited by 11,029
- 2015ShapeNet: An Information-Rich 3D Model Repositorycited by 2,880
- 2020pixelNeRF: Neural Radiance Fields from One or Few Imagescited by 1,574
- 2015Spatial Transformer Networkscited by 1,423
- 2020NeRF in the Wild: Neural Radiance Fields for Unconstrained Photo Collectionscited by 1,230
- 2020GIRAFFE: Representing Scenes as Compositional Generative Neural Feature Fieldscited by 784
- 2021BARF: Bundle-Adjusting Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 641
- 2021RegNeRF: Regularizing Neural Radiance Fields for View Synthesis from Sparse Inputscited by 614
- 2021Putting NeRF on a Diet: Semantically Consistent Few-Shot View Synthesiscited by 464
- 2020INeRF: Inverting Neural Radiance Fields for Pose Estimationcited by 381
- 2022Kubric: A scalable dataset generatorcited by 373
12 more
- 2021Advances in Neural Renderingcited by 365
- 2021Scene Representation Transformer: Geometry-Free Novel View Synthesis Through Set-Latent Scene Representationscited by 222
- 2022NeRF: Neural Radiance Field in 3D Vision: A Comprehensive Review (Updated Post-Gaussian Splatting)cited by 156
- 2021GNeRF: GAN-based Neural Radiance Field without Posed Cameracited by 153
- 2021NeSF: Neural Semantic Fields for Generalizable Semantic Segmentation of 3D Scenescited by 119
- 2021NeRF-VAE: A Geometry Aware 3D Scene Generative Modelcited by 111
- 2022Object Scene Representation Transformercited by 90
- 2022UViM: A Unified Modeling Approach for Vision with Learned Guiding Codescited by 77
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- 2021Inferring a Continuous Distribution of Atom Coordinates from Cryo-EM Images using VAEscited by 17
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- 2018Learning models for visual 3D localization with implicit mappingcited by 7
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Citing papers per year: 2023: 11; 2024: 10; 2025: 10; 2026: 10.
41 papers.
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- 2023COLMAP-Free 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 193
- 2025FLARE: Feed-forward Geometry, Appearance and Camera Estimation from Uncalibrated Sparse Viewscited by 176
- 2025RayZer: A Self-supervised Large View Synthesis Modelcited by 74
- 2024Large Spatial Model: End-to-end Unposed Images to Semantic 3Dcited by 73
- 2025Efficiently Reconstructing Dynamic Scenes One D4RT at a Timecited by 46
- 2023FlowCam: Training Generalizable 3D Radiance Fields without Camera Poses via Pixel-Aligned Scene Flowcited by 38
- 2023LU-NeRF: Scene and Pose Estimation by Synchronizing Local Unposed NeRFscited by 33
- 2024G3R: Gradient Guided Generalizable Reconstructioncited by 29
- 2024From an Image to a Scene: Learning to Imagine the World from a Million 360 Videoscited by 23
- 2025Advances in Feed-Forward 3D Reconstruction and View Synthesis: A Surveycited by 23
- 2026ZipMap: Linear-Time Stateful 3D Reconstruction via Test-Time Trainingcited by 23
- 2024GGRt: Towards Pose-free Generalizable 3D Gaussian Splatting in Real-timecited by 20
29 more
- 2025E-RayZer: Self-supervised 3D Reconstruction as Spatial Visual Pre-trainingcited by 20
- 2023NViST: In the Wild New View Synthesis from a Single Image with Transformerscited by 19
- 2023DORSal: Diffusion for Object-centric Representations of Scenes et alcited by 16
- 2023FlowIBR: Leveraging Pre-Training for Efficient Neural Image-Based Rendering of Dynamic Scenescited by 14
- 2023UpFusion: Novel View Diffusion from Unposed Sparse View Observationscited by 14
- 2025True Self-Supervised Novel View Synthesis is Transferablecited by 13
- 2024GaussianAnything: Interactive Point Cloud Flow Matching For 3D Object Generationcited by 12
- 2023DyST: Towards Dynamic Neural Scene Representations on Real-World Videoscited by 11
- 2024Moving Off-the-Grid: Scene-Grounded Video Representationscited by 11
- 2023RePAST: Relative Pose Attention Scene Representation Transformercited by 7
- 2024Correspondence-Guided SfM-Free 3D Gaussian Splatting for NVScited by 7
- 2024COM3D: Leveraging Cross-View Correspondence and Cross-Modal Mining for 3D Retrievalcited by 6
- 2026SceneTok: A Compressed, Diffusable Token Space for 3D Scenescited by 6
- 2026Scaling View Synthesis Transformerscited by 5
- 2023MELON: NeRF with Unposed Images in SO(3)cited by 4
- 2023Pose-Free Generalizable Rendering Transformercited by 4
- 2025Flow-NeRF: Joint Learning of Geometry, Poses, and Dense Flow within Unified Neural Representationscited by 3
- 2026Self-Improving 4D Perception via Self-Distillationcited by 3
- 2024Parallelized Spatiotemporal Bindingcited by 2
- 2025Attention over Scene Graphs: Indoor Scene Representations Toward CSAI Classificationcited by 2
- 2026RnG: A Unified Transformer for Complete 3D Modeling from Partial Observationscited by 2
- 2026From None to All: Self-Supervised 3D Reconstruction via Novel View Synthesiscited by 2
- 2024ViewFusion: Learning Composable Diffusion Models for Novel View Synthesiscited by 1
- 2025The Less You Depend, The More You Learn: Synthesizing Novel Views from Sparse, Unposed Images with Minimal 3D Knowledgecited by 1
- 2026SeeSE3: Emergence of 3D Space in Vision Featurescited by 1
- 2025ERUPT: Efficient Rendering with Unposed Patch Transformercited by 0
- 2026RayDer: Scalable Self-Supervised Novel View Synthesis from Real-World Videocited by 0
- 2026Extending a Large View Synthesis Model for Multi-view Panoptic Segmentationcited by 0
- 2026Zero-Shot Novel Depth Synthesis Using 3D Foundation Models Scene Representationscited by 0
- 2026Zero-Shot Novel Depth Synthesis Using 3D Foundation Models Scene Representations3 Sep 2026
- 2026Extending a Large View Synthesis Model for Multi-view Panoptic Segmentation22 Jul 2026
- 2026SeeSE3: Emergence of 3D Space in Vision Features15 Jul 2026
- 2026RayDer: Scalable Self-Supervised Novel View Synthesis from Real-World Video29 May 2026
- 2026Self-Improving 4D Perception via Self-Distillation9 Apr 2026
- 2026From None to All: Self-Supervised 3D Reconstruction via Novel View Synthesis29 Mar 2026
- 2026ZipMap: Linear-Time Stateful 3D Reconstruction via Test-Time Training4 Mar 2026
- 2026RnG: A Unified Transformer for Complete 3D Modeling from Partial Observations1 Mar 2026
- 2026Scaling View Synthesis Transformers24 Feb 2026
- 2026SceneTok: A Compressed, Diffusable Token Space for 3D Scenes21 Feb 2026
- 2025E-RayZer: Self-supervised 3D Reconstruction as Spatial Visual Pre-training11 Dec 2025
- 2025Efficiently Reconstructing Dynamic Scenes One D4RT at a Time9 Dec 2025
29 more
- 2025True Self-Supervised Novel View Synthesis is Transferable15 Oct 2025
- 2025Attention over Scene Graphs: Indoor Scene Representations Toward CSAI Classification30 Sep 2025
- 2025Advances in Feed-Forward 3D Reconstruction and View Synthesis: A Survey19 Jul 2025
- 2025The Less You Depend, The More You Learn: Synthesizing Novel Views from Sparse, Unposed Images with Minimal 3D Knowledge11 Jun 2025
- 2025RayZer: A Self-supervised Large View Synthesis Model1 May 2025
- 2025ERUPT: Efficient Rendering with Unposed Patch Transformer31 Mar 2025
- 2025Flow-NeRF: Joint Learning of Geometry, Poses, and Dense Flow within Unified Neural Representations13 Mar 2025
- 2025FLARE: Feed-forward Geometry, Appearance and Camera Estimation from Uncalibrated Sparse Views17 Feb 2025
- 2024From an Image to a Scene: Learning to Imagine the World from a Million 360 Videos10 Dec 2024
- 2024GaussianAnything: Interactive Point Cloud Flow Matching For 3D Object Generation12 Nov 2024
- 2024Moving Off-the-Grid: Scene-Grounded Video Representations8 Nov 2024
- 2024Large Spatial Model: End-to-end Unposed Images to Semantic 3D24 Oct 2024
- 2024G3R: Gradient Guided Generalizable Reconstruction28 Sep 2024
- 2024Correspondence-Guided SfM-Free 3D Gaussian Splatting for NVS16 Aug 2024
- 2024COM3D: Leveraging Cross-View Correspondence and Cross-Modal Mining for 3D Retrieval7 May 2024
- 2024GGRt: Towards Pose-free Generalizable 3D Gaussian Splatting in Real-time15 Mar 2024
- 2024Parallelized Spatiotemporal Binding26 Feb 2024
- 2024ViewFusion: Learning Composable Diffusion Models for Novel View Synthesis5 Feb 2024
- 2023NViST: In the Wild New View Synthesis from a Single Image with Transformers13 Dec 2023
- 2023COLMAP-Free 3D Gaussian Splatting12 Dec 2023
- 2023UpFusion: Novel View Diffusion from Unposed Sparse View Observations11 Dec 2023
- 2023DyST: Towards Dynamic Neural Scene Representations on Real-World Videos9 Oct 2023
- 2023Pose-Free Generalizable Rendering Transformer5 Oct 2023
- 2023FlowIBR: Leveraging Pre-Training for Efficient Neural Image-Based Rendering of Dynamic Scenes11 Sep 2023
- 2023DORSal: Diffusion for Object-centric Representations of Scenes et al13 Jun 2023
- 2023LU-NeRF: Scene and Pose Estimation by Synchronizing Local Unposed NeRFs8 Jun 2023
- 2023FlowCam: Training Generalizable 3D Radiance Fields without Camera Poses via Pixel-Aligned Scene Flow31 May 2023
- 2023RePAST: Relative Pose Attention Scene Representation Transformer3 Apr 2023
- 2023MELON: NeRF with Unposed Images in SO(3)14 Mar 2023
- 2023COLMAP-Free 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 193
- 2025FLARE: Feed-forward Geometry, Appearance and Camera Estimation from Uncalibrated Sparse Viewscited by 176
- 2025RayZer: A Self-supervised Large View Synthesis Modelcited by 74
- 2024Large Spatial Model: End-to-end Unposed Images to Semantic 3Dcited by 73
- 2025Efficiently Reconstructing Dynamic Scenes One D4RT at a Timecited by 46
- 2023FlowCam: Training Generalizable 3D Radiance Fields without Camera Poses via Pixel-Aligned Scene Flowcited by 38
- 2023LU-NeRF: Scene and Pose Estimation by Synchronizing Local Unposed NeRFscited by 33
- 2024G3R: Gradient Guided Generalizable Reconstructioncited by 29
- 2024From an Image to a Scene: Learning to Imagine the World from a Million 360 Videoscited by 23
- 2025Advances in Feed-Forward 3D Reconstruction and View Synthesis: A Surveycited by 23
- 2026ZipMap: Linear-Time Stateful 3D Reconstruction via Test-Time Trainingcited by 23
- 2024GGRt: Towards Pose-free Generalizable 3D Gaussian Splatting in Real-timecited by 20
12 most cited of 38 All 38 (JSON)
- 2026Zero-Shot Novel Depth Synthesis Using 3D Foundation Models Scene Representations3 Sep 2026
- 2026Extending a Large View Synthesis Model for Multi-view Panoptic Segmentation22 Jul 2026
- 2026SeeSE3: Emergence of 3D Space in Vision Features15 Jul 2026
- 2026RayDer: Scalable Self-Supervised Novel View Synthesis from Real-World Video29 May 2026
- 2026Self-Improving 4D Perception via Self-Distillation9 Apr 2026
- 2026From None to All: Self-Supervised 3D Reconstruction via Novel View Synthesis29 Mar 2026
- 2026ZipMap: Linear-Time Stateful 3D Reconstruction via Test-Time Training4 Mar 2026
- 2026RnG: A Unified Transformer for Complete 3D Modeling from Partial Observations1 Mar 2026
- 2026Scaling View Synthesis Transformers24 Feb 2026
- 2026SceneTok: A Compressed, Diffusable Token Space for 3D Scenes21 Feb 2026
- 2025E-RayZer: Self-supervised 3D Reconstruction as Spatial Visual Pre-training11 Dec 2025
- 2025Efficiently Reconstructing Dynamic Scenes One D4RT at a Time9 Dec 2025
12 newest of 38 All 38 (JSON)