mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

From Synthetic to Real: Unsupervised Domain Adaptation for Animal Pose Estimation

arXiv 2103.14843 ↗First posted 27 Mar 2021cs.CVcited by 48

Not on the map. Why?

Abstract (arXiv)

Animal pose estimation is an important field that has received increasing attention in the recent years. The main challenge for this task is the lack of labeled data. Existing works circumvent this problem with pseudo labels generated from data of other easily accessible domains such as synthetic data. However, these pseudo labels are noisy even with consistency check or confidence-based filtering due to the domain shift in the data. To solve this problem, we design a multi-scale domain adaptation module (MDAM) to reduce the domain gap between the synthetic and real data. We further introduce an online coarse-to-fine pseudo label updating strategy. Specifically, we propose a self-distillation module in an inner coarse-update loop and a mean-teacher in an outer fine-update loop to generate new pseudo labels that gradually replace the old ones. Consequently, our model is able to learn from the old pseudo labels at the early stage, and gradually switch to the new pseudo labels to prevent overfitting in the later stage. We evaluate our approach on the TigDog and VisDA 2019 datasets, where we outperform existing approaches by a large margin. We also demonstrate the generalization ability of our model by testing extensively on both unseen domains and unseen animal categories. Our code is available at the project website.

Key facts. Cited by 48 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 41 of its 52 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 27 Mar 2021.

Builds on

41 of 52 references.

References · 41

  1. 2015Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognitioncited by 51,809
  2. 2014Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimizationcited by 36,960
  3. 2014Microsoft COCO: Common Objects in Contextcited by 17,498
  4. 2015Batch Normalization: Accelerating Deep Network Training by Reducing Internal Covariate Shiftcited by 6,979
  5. 2017mixup: Beyond Empirical Risk Minimizationcited by 5,155
  6. 2014Unsupervised Domain Adaptation by Backpropagationcited by 1,906
  7. 2016Understanding deep learning requires rethinking generalizationcited by 1,657
  8. 2017CyCADA: Cycle-Consistent Adversarial Domain Adaptationcited by 1,079
  9. 2018Co-teaching: Robust Training of Deep Neural Networks with Extremely Noisy Labelscited by 1,053
  10. 2018Generalized Cross Entropy Loss for Training Deep Neural Networks with Noisy Labelscited by 994
  11. 2017A Closer Look at Memorization in Deep Networkscited by 936
  12. 2016Stacked Hourglass Networks for Human Pose Estimationcited by 913
29 more
  1. 2017Unpaired Image-to-Image Translation using Cycle-Consistent Adversarial Networkscited by 707
  2. 2016Making Deep Neural Networks Robust to Label Noise: a Loss Correction Approachcited by 663
  3. 2017MentorNet: Learning Data-Driven Curriculum for Very Deep Neural Networks on Corrupted Labelscited by 652
  4. 2018Learning to Adapt Structured Output Space for Semantic Segmentationcited by 584
  5. 2018Simple Baselines for Human Pose Estimation and Trackingcited by 502
  6. 2019Symmetric Cross Entropy for Robust Learning with Noisy Labelscited by 499
  7. 2017Robust Loss Functions under Label Noise for Deep Neural Networkscited by 441
  8. 2019How does Disagreement Help Generalization against Label Corruption?cited by 390
  9. 2017Cascaded Pyramid Network for Multi-Person Pose Estimationcited by 341
  10. 2016Convolutional Pose Machinescited by 325
  11. 20163D Menagerie: Modeling the 3D shape and pose of animalscited by 310
  12. 2019Bidirectional Learning for Domain Adaptation of Semantic Segmentationcited by 308
  13. 2017Decoupling "when to update" from "how to update"cited by 230
  14. 2019Are Anchor Points Really Indispensable in Label-Noise Learning?cited by 208
  15. 2019SELF: Learning to Filter Noisy Labels with Self-Ensemblingcited by 164
  16. 2017Towards Accurate Multi-person Pose Estimation in the Wildcited by 131
  17. 2015DeepCut: Joint Subset Partition and Labeling for Multi Person Pose Estimationcited by 117
  18. 2019Cross-Domain Adaptation for Animal Pose Estimationcited by 108
  19. 2019Three-D Safari: Learning to Estimate Zebra Pose, Shape, and Texture from Images "In the Wild"cited by 106
  20. 2020Dual Mixup Regularized Learning for Adversarial Domain Adaptationcited by 99
  21. 20183D Human Pose Estimation in the Wild by Adversarial Learningcited by 86
  22. 2018Creatures great and SMAL: Recovering the shape and motion of animals from videocited by 84
  23. 2020Who Left the Dogs Out? 3D Animal Reconstruction with Expectation Maximization in the Loopcited by 81
  24. 2017Multi-Context Attention for Human Pose Estimationcited by 66
  25. 2019Learning from Synthetic Animalscited by 65
  26. 2017Learning Feature Pyramids for Human Pose Estimationcited by 57
  27. 2017Adversarial Feature Augmentation for Unsupervised Domain Adaptationcited by 48
  28. 2014Articulated motion discovery using pairs of trajectoriescited by 13
  29. 2015Learning 3D Deformation of Animals from 2D Imagescited by 11

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2021: 3; 2022: 13; 2023: 16; 2024: 7; 2025: 7; 2026: 2.

48 papers.

Sort:

  1. 2022Animal Kingdom: A Large and Diverse Dataset for Animal Behavior Understandingcited by 102
  2. 2022Learning to Relight Portrait Images via a Virtual Light Stage and Synthetic-to-Real Adaptationcited by 67
  3. 2023Animal3D: A Comprehensive Dataset of 3D Animal Pose and Shapecited by 43
  4. 2022Estimating Egocentric 3D Human Pose in the Wild with External Weak Supervisioncited by 33
  5. 2022Prototype-Guided Continual Adaptation for Class-Incremental Unsupervised Domain Adaptationcited by 33
  6. 2022A Comprehensive Review of Digital Twin -- Part 1: Modeling and Twinning Enabling Technologiescited by 28
  7. 2023DARE-GRAM : Unsupervised Domain Adaptation Regression by Aligning Inverse Gram Matricescited by 28
  8. 2022CLAMP: Prompt-based Contrastive Learning for Connecting Language and Animal Posecited by 25
  9. 20222D Human Pose Estimation: A Surveycited by 21
  10. 2022A Unified Framework for Domain Adaptive Pose Estimationcited by 20
  11. 2023Source-free Domain Adaptive Human Pose Estimationcited by 15
  12. 2022Pseudo-Labeled Auto-Curriculum Learning for Semi-Supervised Keypoint Localizationcited by 14
36 more
  1. 2023ScarceNet: Animal Pose Estimation with Scarce Annotationscited by 13
  2. 2023Prior-guided Source-free Domain Adaptation for Human Pose Estimationcited by 13
  3. 2021Transfer Learning for Pose Estimation of Illustrated Characterscited by 10
  4. 2022Progressive Transformation Learning for Leveraging Virtual Images in Trainingcited by 10
  5. 2022Anatomy-guided domain adaptation for 3D in-bed human pose estimationcited by 9
  6. 2023UniAP: Towards Universal Animal Perception in Vision via Few-shot Learningcited by 7
  7. 2024Domain-Adaptive 2D Human Pose Estimation via Dual Teachers in Extremely Low-Light Conditionscited by 7
  8. 2024Dessie: Disentanglement for Articulated 3D Horse Shape and Pose Estimation from Imagescited by 7
  9. 2022Prior-Aware Synthetic Data to the Rescue: Animal Pose Estimation with Very Limited Real Datacited by 6
  10. 2023Synthetic Data-based Detection of Zebras in Drone Imagerycited by 6
  11. 2023SPAC-Net: Synthetic Pose-aware Animal ControlNet for Enhanced Pose Estimationcited by 6
  12. 2022Motion and Appearance Adaptation for Cross-Domain Motion Transfercited by 5
  13. 2023Self-Supervised Reversed Image Signal Processing via Reference-Guided Dynamic Parameter Selectioncited by 5
  14. 2023Towards Efficient Task-Driven Model Reprogramming with Foundation Modelscited by 5
  15. 2023Learning Articulated Shape with Keypoint Pseudo-labels from Web Imagescited by 5
  16. 2023MAPS: A Noise-Robust Progressive Learning Approach for Source-Free Domain Adaptive Keypoint Detectioncited by 4
  17. 2023Overcoming the Trade-off Between Accuracy and Plausibility in 3D Hand Shape Reconstructioncited by 4
  18. 2025Learning Structure-Supporting Dependencies via Keypoint Interactive Transformer for General Mammal Pose Estimationcited by 3
  19. 2025Probabilistic Prompt Distribution Learning for Animal Pose Estimationcited by 3
  20. 2021DynaDog+T: A Parametric Animal Model for Synthetic Canine Image Generationcited by 2
  21. 2023A Horse with no Labels: Self-Supervised Horse Pose Estimation from Unlabelled Images and Synthetic Priorcited by 2
  22. 2024ZebraPose: Zebra Detection and Pose Estimation using only Synthetic Datacited by 2
  23. 2024Towards Multi-Modal Animal Pose Estimation: A Survey and In-Depth Analysiscited by 2
  24. 2025Leveraging Synthetic Adult Datasets for Unsupervised Infant Pose Estimationcited by 2
  25. 2025Pose Splatter: A 3D Gaussian Splatting Model for Quantifying Animal Pose and Appearancecited by 2
  26. 2021Incremental Learning for Animal Pose Estimation using RBF k-DPPcited by 1
  27. 2023Of Mice and Pose: 2D Mouse Pose Estimation from Unlabelled Data and Synthetic Priorcited by 1
  28. 2024Domain adaptive pose estimation via multi-level alignmentcited by 1
  29. 2024Partial Distribution Matching via Partial Wasserstein Adversarial Networkscited by 1
  30. 2025Online Test-time Adaptation for 3D Human Pose Estimation: A Practical Perspective with Estimated 2D Posescited by 1
  31. 2025DiffPose-Animal: A Language-Conditioned Diffusion Framework for Animal Pose Estimationcited by 1
  32. 2026UDAPose: Unsupervised Domain Adaptation for Low-Light Human Pose Estimationcited by 1
  33. 2023Is Generative Modeling-based Stylization Necessary for Domain Adaptation in Regression Tasks?cited by 0
  34. 2024CurvNet: Latent Contour Representation and Iterative Data Engine for Curvature Angle Estimationcited by 0
  35. 2025AP-CAP: Advancing High-Quality Data Synthesis for Animal Pose Estimation via a Controllable Image Generation Pipelinecited by 0
  36. 2026Promptable Animal Pose Tracking Across Speciescited by 0