BARC: Learning to Regress 3D Dog Shape from Images by Exploiting Breed Information
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
Our goal is to recover the 3D shape and pose of dogs from a single image. This is a challenging task because dogs exhibit a wide range of shapes and appearances, and are highly articulated. Recent work has proposed to directly regress the SMAL animal model, with additional limb scale parameters, from images. Our method, called BARC (Breed-Augmented Regression using Classification), goes beyond prior work in several important ways. First, we modify the SMAL shape space to be more appropriate for representing dog shape. But, even with a better shape model, the problem of regressing dog shape from an image is still challenging because we lack paired images with 3D ground truth. To compensate for the lack of paired data, we formulate novel losses that exploit information about dog breeds. In particular, we exploit the fact that dogs of the same breed have similar body shapes. We formulate a novel breed similarity loss consisting of two parts: One term encourages the shape of dogs from the same breed to be more similar than dogs of different breeds. The second one, a breed classification loss, helps to produce recognizable breed-specific shapes. Through ablation studies, we find that our breed losses significantly improve shape accuracy over a baseline without them. We also compare BARC qualitatively to WLDO with a perceptual study and find that our approach produces dogs that are significantly more realistic. This work shows that a-priori information about genetic similarity can help to compensate for the lack of 3D training data. This concept may be applicable to other animal species or groups of species. Our code is publicly available for research purposes at https://barc.is.tue.mpg.de/.
Key facts. Cited by 51 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 22 of its 33 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 29 Mar 2022.
Builds on
22 of 33 references.
References · 22
- 2015FaceNet: A Unified Embedding for Face Recognition and Clusteringcited by 2,833
- 2019AMASS: Archive of Motion Capture as Surface Shapescited by 1,208
- 2018On the Continuity of Rotation Representations in Neural Networkscited by 1,186
- 2020Accelerating 3D Deep Learning with PyTorch3Dcited by 781
- 2018Learning Category-Specific Mesh Reconstruction from Image Collectionscited by 317
- 20163D Menagerie: Modeling the 3D shape and pose of animalscited by 310
- 2018Learning to Estimate 3D Human Pose and Shape from a Single Color Imagecited by 226
- 2019Learning to Regress 3D Face Shape and Expression from an Image without 3D Supervisioncited by 176
- 2019Cross-Domain Adaptation for Animal Pose Estimationcited by 108
- 2019Three-D Safari: Learning to Estimate Zebra Pose, Shape, and Texture from Images "In the Wild"cited by 106
- 2019Efficient Learning on Point Clouds with Basis Point Setscited by 101
- 2020Weakly Supervised 3D Human Pose and Shape Reconstruction with Normalizing Flowscited by 94
10 more
- 2018Creatures great and SMAL: Recovering the shape and motion of animals from videocited by 84
- 2020Who Left the Dogs Out? 3D Animal Reconstruction with Expectation Maximization in the Loopcited by 81
- 2018Numerical Coordinate Regression with Convolutional Neural Networkscited by 72
- 2019Learning from Synthetic Animalscited by 65
- 2021DOVE: Learning Deformable 3D Objects by Watching Videoscited by 61
- 2020Implicit Mesh Reconstruction from Unannotated Image Collectionscited by 49
- 2019Learning 3D Human Shape and Pose from Dense Body Partscited by 48
- 2020RGBD-Dog: Predicting Canine Pose from RGBD Sensorscited by 35
- 2021Birds of a Feather: Capturing Avian Shape Models from Imagescited by 30
- 2020Transferring Dense Pose to Proximal Animal Classescited by 23
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2022: 7; 2023: 9; 2024: 13; 2025: 10; 2026: 12.
51 papers.
Sort:
By area:
- 2022Executing your Commands via Motion Diffusion in Latent Spacecited by 567
- 2023MotionGPT: Human Motion as a Foreign Languagecited by 521
- 2022LASSIE: Learning Articulated Shapes from Sparse Image Ensemble via 3D Part Discoverycited by 65
- 2024Learning the 3D Fauna of the Webcited by 58
- 2023Reconstructing Animatable Categories from Videoscited by 46
- 2023Animal3D: A Comprehensive Dataset of 3D Animal Pose and Shapecited by 43
- 2025MotionGPT3: Human Motion as a Second Modalitycited by 36
- 2022CASA: Category-agnostic Skeletal Animal Reconstructioncited by 35
- 2022State of the Art in Dense Monocular Non-Rigid 3D Reconstructioncited by 30
- 2022Hi-LASSIE: High-Fidelity Articulated Shape and Skeleton Discovery from Sparse Image Ensemblecited by 30
- 2022Neural Shape Deformation Priorscited by 26
- 2024Animal Avatars: Reconstructing Animatable 3D Animals from Casual Videoscited by 26
38 more
- 2024AniMer: Animal Pose and Shape Estimation Using Family Aware Transformercited by 20
- 2023SAOR: Single-View Articulated Object Reconstructioncited by 15
- 2024BAGS: Building Animatable Gaussian Splatting from a Monocular Video with Diffusion Priorscited by 14
- 2023Zero-shot Pose Transfer for Unrigged Stylized 3D Characterscited by 12
- 2024Generative Zoocited by 12
- 2024DualPM: Dual Posed-Canonical Point Maps for 3D Shape and Pose Reconstructioncited by 10
- 2025Web-Scale Collection of Video Data for 4D Animal Reconstructioncited by 8
- 2023Primitive-based 3D Human-Object Interaction Modelling and Programmingcited by 7
- 2024Dessie: Disentanglement for Articulated 3D Horse Shape and Pose Estimation from Imagescited by 7
- 2024Reconstructing Animals and the Wildcited by 7
- 2025AniMer+: Unified Pose and Shape Estimation Across Mammalia and Aves via Family-Aware Transformercited by 7
- 2023SPAC-Net: Synthetic Pose-aware Animal ControlNet for Enhanced Pose Estimationcited by 6
- 20254D-Animal: Freely Reconstructing Animatable 3D Animals from Videoscited by 6
- 2023Learning Articulated Shape with Keypoint Pseudo-labels from Web Imagescited by 5
- 2025Model-based Metric 3D Shape and Motion Reconstruction of Wild Bottlenose Dolphins in Drone-Shot Videoscited by 4
- 2025DogMo: A Large-Scale Multi-View RGB-D Dataset for 4D Canine Motion Recoverycited by 4
- 2023Shape of You: Precise 3D shape estimations for diverse body typescited by 3
- 2024DiffSurf: A Transformer-based Diffusion Model for Generating and Reconstructing 3D Surfaces in Posecited by 2
- 2024Towards Multi-Modal Animal Pose Estimation: A Survey and In-Depth Analysiscited by 2
- 2025Advances and Trends in the 3D Reconstruction of the Shape and Motion of Animalscited by 2
- 2026SAM 3D Animal: Promptable Animal 3D Reconstruction from Images in the Wildcited by 2
- 2022Semantic keypoint extraction for scanned animals using multi-depth-camera systemscited by 1
- 2024Benchmarking Monocular 3D Dog Pose Estimation Using In-The-Wild Motion Capture Datacited by 1
- 2024CLHOP: Combined Audio-Video Learning for Horse 3D Pose and Shape Estimationcited by 1
- 2025MoReMouse: Monocular Reconstruction of Laboratory Mousecited by 1
- 2025MeshMamba: State Space Models for Articulated 3D Mesh Generation and Reconstructioncited by 1
- 2026MorphGS: Morphology-Adaptive Articulated 3D Motion Transfer from Videoscited by 1
- 2026BigMaQ: A Big Macaque Motion and Animation Dataset Bridging Image and 3D Pose Representationscited by 1
- 2026Monocular Mesh Recovery and Body Measurement of Female Saanen Goatscited by 1
- 2026SMAL-pets: SMAL Based Avatars of Pets from Single Imagecited by 1
- 2026PRIMA: Boosting Animal Mesh Recovery with Biological Priors and Test-Time Adaptationcited by 1
- 2026OmniFaceRig: Fully Automatic Inner-Mouth-Aware Face Rigging Across Diverse 3D Character Topologiescited by 1
- 2026Kirin: Animal Motion Generation from In-the-Wild Videocited by 1
- 2024X as Supervision: Contending with Depth Ambiguity in Unsupervised Monocular 3D Pose Estimationcited by 0
- 2025IMASHRIMP: Automatic White Shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) Biometrical Analysis from Laboratory Images Using Computer Vision and Deep Learningcited by 0
- 2026Progressive Pose-Guided 4D Animal Reconstruction from Monocular Videocited by 0
- 2026CORGI: Consistency-Aware 3D Dog Reconstruction from a Single Image in the Wildcited by 0
- 2026AnimalLift: Reconstructing Animatable 3D Animals from a Single Image by Learning Canonical Shape, Texture, and Fur Mapscited by 0
50 most cited of 51 All 51 (JSON)
- 2026ORMA: Optimization-based Monocular 4D Reconstruction of Articulated Animals29 Sep 2026
- 2026AnimalLift: Reconstructing Animatable 3D Animals from a Single Image by Learning Canonical Shape, Texture, and Fur Maps8 Sep 2026
- 2026Kirin: Animal Motion Generation from In-the-Wild Video1 Sep 2026
- 2026CORGI: Consistency-Aware 3D Dog Reconstruction from a Single Image in the Wild1 Jul 2026
- 2026Progressive Pose-Guided 4D Animal Reconstruction from Monocular Video30 Jun 2026
- 2026OmniFaceRig: Fully Automatic Inner-Mouth-Aware Face Rigging Across Diverse 3D Character Topologies6 Jun 2026
- 2026PRIMA: Boosting Animal Mesh Recovery with Biological Priors and Test-Time Adaptation1 Jun 2026
- 2026SAM 3D Animal: Promptable Animal 3D Reconstruction from Images in the Wild8 May 2026
- 2026SMAL-pets: SMAL Based Avatars of Pets from Single Image17 Mar 2026
- 2026Monocular Mesh Recovery and Body Measurement of Female Saanen Goats23 Feb 2026
- 2026BigMaQ: A Big Macaque Motion and Animation Dataset Bridging Image and 3D Pose Representations23 Feb 2026
- 2026MorphGS: Morphology-Adaptive Articulated 3D Motion Transfer from Videos6 Jan 2026
38 more
- 2025Web-Scale Collection of Video Data for 4D Animal Reconstruction3 Nov 2025
- 2025DogMo: A Large-Scale Multi-View RGB-D Dataset for 4D Canine Motion Recovery28 Oct 2025
- 2025Advances and Trends in the 3D Reconstruction of the Shape and Motion of Animals22 Aug 2025
- 2025AniMer+: Unified Pose and Shape Estimation Across Mammalia and Aves via Family-Aware Transformer1 Aug 2025
- 2025MeshMamba: State Space Models for Articulated 3D Mesh Generation and Reconstruction21 Jul 2025
- 20254D-Animal: Freely Reconstructing Animatable 3D Animals from Videos14 Jul 2025
- 2025MoReMouse: Monocular Reconstruction of Laboratory Mouse6 Jul 2025
- 2025IMASHRIMP: Automatic White Shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) Biometrical Analysis from Laboratory Images Using Computer Vision and Deep Learning3 Jul 2025
- 2025MotionGPT3: Human Motion as a Second Modality30 Jun 2025
- 2025Model-based Metric 3D Shape and Motion Reconstruction of Wild Bottlenose Dolphins in Drone-Shot Videos22 Apr 2025
- 2024Generative Zoo11 Dec 2024
- 2024DualPM: Dual Posed-Canonical Point Maps for 3D Shape and Pose Reconstruction5 Dec 2024
- 2024AniMer: Animal Pose and Shape Estimation Using Family Aware Transformer1 Dec 2024
- 2024Reconstructing Animals and the Wild27 Nov 2024
- 2024X as Supervision: Contending with Depth Ambiguity in Unsupervised Monocular 3D Pose Estimation20 Nov 2024
- 2024Towards Multi-Modal Animal Pose Estimation: A Survey and In-Depth Analysis12 Oct 2024
- 2024Dessie: Disentanglement for Articulated 3D Horse Shape and Pose Estimation from Images4 Oct 2024
- 2024DiffSurf: A Transformer-based Diffusion Model for Generating and Reconstructing 3D Surfaces in Pose27 Aug 2024
- 2024CLHOP: Combined Audio-Video Learning for Horse 3D Pose and Shape Estimation1 Jul 2024
- 2024Benchmarking Monocular 3D Dog Pose Estimation Using In-The-Wild Motion Capture Data20 Jun 2024
- 2024Animal Avatars: Reconstructing Animatable 3D Animals from Casual Videos25 Mar 2024
- 2024BAGS: Building Animatable Gaussian Splatting from a Monocular Video with Diffusion Priors18 Mar 2024
- 2024Learning the 3D Fauna of the Web4 Jan 2024
- 2023Primitive-based 3D Human-Object Interaction Modelling and Programming17 Dec 2023
- 2023Animal3D: A Comprehensive Dataset of 3D Animal Pose and Shape22 Aug 2023
- 2023MotionGPT: Human Motion as a Foreign Language26 Jun 2023
- 2023Zero-shot Pose Transfer for Unrigged Stylized 3D Characters31 May 2023
- 2023SPAC-Net: Synthetic Pose-aware Animal ControlNet for Enhanced Pose Estimation29 May 2023
- 2023Reconstructing Animatable Categories from Videos10 May 2023
- 2023Learning Articulated Shape with Keypoint Pseudo-labels from Web Images27 Apr 2023
- 2023Shape of You: Precise 3D shape estimations for diverse body types14 Apr 2023
- 2023SAOR: Single-View Articulated Object Reconstruction23 Mar 2023
- 2022Hi-LASSIE: High-Fidelity Articulated Shape and Skeleton Discovery from Sparse Image Ensemble21 Dec 2022
- 2022Executing your Commands via Motion Diffusion in Latent Space8 Dec 2022
- 2022Semantic keypoint extraction for scanned animals using multi-depth-camera systems16 Nov 2022
- 2022CASA: Category-agnostic Skeletal Animal Reconstruction4 Nov 2022
- 2022State of the Art in Dense Monocular Non-Rigid 3D Reconstruction27 Oct 2022
- 2022Neural Shape Deformation Priors11 Oct 2022
50 newest of 51 All 51 (JSON)
- 2023MotionGPT: Human Motion as a Foreign Languagecited by 521
- 2022LASSIE: Learning Articulated Shapes from Sparse Image Ensemble via 3D Part Discoverycited by 65
- 2024Learning the 3D Fauna of the Webcited by 58
- 2023Reconstructing Animatable Categories from Videoscited by 46
- 2023Animal3D: A Comprehensive Dataset of 3D Animal Pose and Shapecited by 43
- 2025MotionGPT3: Human Motion as a Second Modalitycited by 36
- 2022CASA: Category-agnostic Skeletal Animal Reconstructioncited by 35
- 2022State of the Art in Dense Monocular Non-Rigid 3D Reconstructioncited by 30
- 2022Hi-LASSIE: High-Fidelity Articulated Shape and Skeleton Discovery from Sparse Image Ensemblecited by 30
- 2022Neural Shape Deformation Priorscited by 26
- 2024Animal Avatars: Reconstructing Animatable 3D Animals from Casual Videoscited by 26
- 2024AniMer: Animal Pose and Shape Estimation Using Family Aware Transformercited by 20
12 most cited of 47 All 47 (JSON)
- 2026ORMA: Optimization-based Monocular 4D Reconstruction of Articulated Animals29 Sep 2026
- 2026AnimalLift: Reconstructing Animatable 3D Animals from a Single Image by Learning Canonical Shape, Texture, and Fur Maps8 Sep 2026
- 2026Kirin: Animal Motion Generation from In-the-Wild Video1 Sep 2026
- 2026CORGI: Consistency-Aware 3D Dog Reconstruction from a Single Image in the Wild1 Jul 2026
- 2026Progressive Pose-Guided 4D Animal Reconstruction from Monocular Video30 Jun 2026
- 2026OmniFaceRig: Fully Automatic Inner-Mouth-Aware Face Rigging Across Diverse 3D Character Topologies6 Jun 2026
- 2026PRIMA: Boosting Animal Mesh Recovery with Biological Priors and Test-Time Adaptation1 Jun 2026
- 2026SAM 3D Animal: Promptable Animal 3D Reconstruction from Images in the Wild8 May 2026
- 2026SMAL-pets: SMAL Based Avatars of Pets from Single Image17 Mar 2026
- 2026Monocular Mesh Recovery and Body Measurement of Female Saanen Goats23 Feb 2026
- 2026BigMaQ: A Big Macaque Motion and Animation Dataset Bridging Image and 3D Pose Representations23 Feb 2026
- 2026MorphGS: Morphology-Adaptive Articulated 3D Motion Transfer from Videos6 Jan 2026
12 newest of 47 All 47 (JSON)