mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

MyoSuite -- A contact-rich simulation suite for musculoskeletal motor control

arXiv 2205.13600 ↗First posted 26 May 2022cs.RO cs.AI cs.LGcited by 80

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Cited by 29 in Deep reinforcement learning methods, but placed by its own abstract, which didn’t fit.

Abstract (arXiv)

Embodied agents in continuous control domains have had limited exposure to tasks allowing to explore musculoskeletal properties that enable agile and nimble behaviors in biological beings. The sophistication behind neuro-musculoskeletal control can pose new challenges for the motor learning community. At the same time, agents solving complex neural control problems allow impact in fields such as neuro-rehabilitation, as well as collaborative-robotics. Human biomechanics underlies complex multi-joint-multi-actuator musculoskeletal systems. The sensory-motor system relies on a range of sensory-contact rich and proprioceptive inputs that define and condition muscle actuation required to exhibit intelligent behaviors in the physical world. Current frameworks for musculoskeletal control do not support physiological sophistication of the musculoskeletal systems along with physical world interaction capabilities. In addition, they are neither embedded in complex and skillful motor tasks nor are computationally effective and scalable to study large-scale learning paradigms. Here, we present MyoSuite -- a suite of physiologically accurate biomechanical models of elbow, wrist, and hand, with physical contact capabilities, which allow learning of complex and skillful contact-rich real-world tasks. We provide diverse motor-control challenges: from simple postural control to skilled hand-object interactions such as turning a key, twirling a pen, rotating two balls in one hand, etc. By supporting physiological alterations in musculoskeletal geometry (tendon transfer), assistive devices (exoskeleton assistance), and muscle contraction dynamics (muscle fatigue, sarcopenia), we present real-life tasks with temporal changes, thereby exposing realistic non-stationary conditions in our tasks which most continuous control benchmarks lack.

Key facts. Cited by 80 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 17 of its 84 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 26 May 2022.

Builds on

17 of 84 references.

References · 17

  1. 2018GLUE: A Multi-Task Benchmark and Analysis Platform for Natural Language Understandingcited by 4,899
  2. 2016OpenAI Gymcited by 1,736
  3. 2021Isaac Gym: High Performance GPU-Based Physics Simulation For Robot Learningcited by 998
  4. 2018DeepMind Control Suitecited by 956
  5. 2019Solving Rubik's Cube with a Robot Handcited by 734
  6. 2017Learning Complex Dexterous Manipulation with Deep Reinforcement Learning and Demonstrationscited by 715
  7. 2018Learning Dexterous In-Hand Manipulationcited by 687
  8. 2018Learning to Adapt in Dynamic, Real-World Environments Through Meta-Reinforcement Learningcited by 276
  9. 2018Multi-Goal Reinforcement Learning: Challenging Robotics Environments and Request for Researchcited by 260
  10. 2019Deep Dynamics Models for Learning Dexterous Manipulationcited by 206
  11. 2021A System for General In-Hand Object Re-Orientationcited by 165
  12. 2016Learning Modular Neural Network Policies for Multi-Task and Multi-Robot Transfercited by 127
5 more
  1. 2021Reset-Free Reinforcement Learning via Multi-Task Learning: Learning Dexterous Manipulation Behaviors without Human Interventioncited by 95
  2. 2017Learning Invariant Feature Spaces to Transfer Skills with Reinforcement Learningcited by 85
  3. 2021Generalization in Dexterous Manipulation via Geometry-Aware Multi-Task Learningcited by 50
  4. 2021OstrichRL: A Musculoskeletal Ostrich Simulation to Study Bio-mechanical Locomotioncited by 10
  5. 2022A new simple dynamic muscle fatigue model and its validationcited by 1

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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2022: 3; 2023: 8; 2024: 21; 2025: 25; 2026: 23.

80 papers.

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  1. 2023TD-MPC2: Scalable, Robust World Models for Continuous Controlcited by 512
  2. 2022DeXtreme: Transfer of Agile In-hand Manipulation from Simulation to Realitycited by 149
  3. 2024HumanoidBench: Simulated Humanoid Benchmark for Whole-Body Locomotion and Manipulationcited by 112
  4. 2024Bigger, Regularized, Optimistic: scaling for compute and sample-efficient continuous controlcited by 108
  5. 2024SimBa: Simplicity Bias for Scaling Up Parameters in Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 76
  6. 2025DIME:Diffusion-Based Maximum Entropy Reinforcement Learningcited by 58
  7. 2025Hyperspherical Normalization for Scalable Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 38
  8. 2023LocoMuJoCo: A Comprehensive Imitation Learning Benchmark for Locomotioncited by 33
  9. 2024Hierarchical World Models as Visual Whole-Body Humanoid Controllerscited by 27
  10. 2023Latent Exploration for Reinforcement Learningcited by 22
  11. 2024emg2pose: A Large and Diverse Benchmark for Surface Electromyographic Hand Pose Estimationcited by 22
  12. 2023Seizing Serendipity: Exploiting the Value of Past Success in Off-Policy Actor-Criticcited by 20
38 more
  1. 2025Scaling Off-Policy Reinforcement Learning with Batch and Weight Normalizationcited by 19
  2. 2024Differentiable Biomechanics Unlocks Opportunities for Markerless Motion Capturecited by 18
  3. 2023SAR: Generalization of Physiological Agility and Dexterity via Synergistic Action Representationcited by 17
  4. 2023Self Model for Embodied Intelligence: Modeling Full-Body Human Musculoskeletal System and Locomotion Control with Hierarchical Low-Dimensional Representationcited by 17
  5. 2025XQC: Well-conditioned Optimization Accelerates Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 17
  6. 2024DynSyn: Dynamical Synergistic Representation for Efficient Learning and Control in Overactuated Embodied Systemscited by 12
  7. 2023MyoDex: A Generalizable Prior for Dexterous Manipulationcited by 11
  8. 2024Offline-Boosted Actor-Critic: Adaptively Blending Optimal Historical Behaviors in Deep Off-Policy RLcited by 10
  9. 2024MS-MANO: Enabling Hand Pose Tracking with Biomechanical Constraintscited by 9
  10. 2025Discrete Codebook World Models for Continuous Controlcited by 9
  11. 2024Differentiable Biomechanics for Markerless Motion Capture in Upper Limb Stroke Rehabilitation: A Comparison with Optical Motion Capturecited by 8
  12. 2025Portable Biomechanics Laboratory: Clinically Accessible Movement Analysis from a Handheld Smartphonecited by 8
  13. 2024Growing Q-Networks: Solving Continuous Control Tasks with Adaptive Control Resolutioncited by 7
  14. 2024Reward-free World Models for Online Imitation Learningcited by 7
  15. 2025KINESIS: Motion Imitation for Human Musculoskeletal Locomotioncited by 7
  16. 2022Learning with Muscles: Benefits for Data-Efficiency and Robustness in Anthropomorphic Taskscited by 6
  17. 2024Fusing uncalibrated IMUs and handheld smartphone video to reconstruct knee kinematicscited by 6
  18. 2023Natural and Robust Walking using Reinforcement Learning without Demonstrations in High-Dimensional Musculoskeletal Modelscited by 5
  19. 2025KinTwin: Imitation Learning with Torque and Muscle Driven Biomechanical Models Enables Precise Replication of Able-Bodied and Impaired Movement from Markerless Motion Capturecited by 5
  20. 2025Differentiable Simulation of Hard Contacts with Soft Gradients for Learning and Controlcited by 5
  21. 2026Scalable Exploration for High-Dimensional Continuous Control via Value-Guided Flowcited by 5
  22. 2026FlashSAC: Fast and Stable Off-Policy Reinforcement Learning for High-Dimensional Robot Controlcited by 5
  23. 2026Calibrated Uncertainty for Trustworthy Clinical Gait Analysis Using Probabilistic Multiview Markerless Motion Capturecited by 4
  24. 2024Revisiting Experience Replayable Conditionscited by 3
  25. 2024Muscles in Time: Learning to Understand Human Motion by Simulating Muscle Activationscited by 3
  26. 2025Biomechanical Reconstruction with Confidence Intervals from Multiview Markerless Motion Capturecited by 3
  27. 2025Increasing Interaction Fidelity: Training Routines for Biomechanical Models in HCIcited by 3
  28. 2026WIMLE: Uncertainty-Aware World Models with IMLE for Sample-Efficient Continuous Controlcited by 3
  29. 2026FLAG: Flow Policy MaxEnt-RL by Latent Augmented Guidancecited by 3
  30. 2022Conditional Generative Models for Simulation of EMG During Naturalistic Movementscited by 2
  31. 2024Advancing Monocular Video-Based Gait Analysis Using Motion Imitation with Physics-Based Simulationcited by 2
  32. 2024A Causal Framework for Precision Rehabilitationcited by 2
  33. 2025TeleOpBench: A Simulator-Centric Benchmark for Dual-Arm Dexterous Teleoperationcited by 2
  34. 2025emg2tendon: From sEMG Signals to Tendon Control in Musculoskeletal Handscited by 2
  35. 2025Arnold: A multi-task, multi-embodiment muscle transformer policycited by 2
  36. 2026A Review of Online Diffusion Policy RL Algorithms for Scalable Robotic Controlcited by 2
  37. 2026SMAT: Staged Multi-Agent Training for Co-Adaptive Exoskeleton Controlcited by 2
  38. 2026Stealthy World Model Manipulation via Data Poisoningcited by 2

50 most cited of 80 All 80 (JSON)