mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Self Model for Embodied Intelligence: Modeling Full-Body Human Musculoskeletal System and Locomotion Control with Hierarchical Low-Dimensional Representation

arXiv 2312.05473 ↗First posted 9 Dec 2023cs.AIcited by 17

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Abstract (arXiv)

Modeling and control of the human musculoskeletal system is important for understanding human motor functions, developing embodied intelligence, and optimizing human-robot interaction systems. However, current human musculoskeletal models are restricted to a limited range of body parts and often with a reduced number of muscles. There is also a lack of algorithms capable of controlling over 600 muscles to generate reasonable human movements. To fill this gap, we build a musculoskeletal model (MS-Human-700) with 90 body segments, 206 joints, and 700 muscle-tendon units, allowing simulation of full-body dynamics and interaction with various devices. We develop a new algorithm using low-dimensional representation and hierarchical deep reinforcement learning to achieve state-of-the-art full-body control. We validate the effectiveness of our model and algorithm in simulations with real human locomotion data. The musculoskeletal model, along with its control algorithm, will be made available to the research community to promote a deeper understanding of human motion control and better design of interactive robots. Project page: https://lnsgroup.cc/research/MS-Human-700

Key facts. Cited by 17 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 8 of its 50 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 9 Dec 2023.

Builds on

8 of 50 references.

References · 8

  1. 2018Soft Actor-Critic Algorithms and Applicationscited by 1,240
  2. 2022Accelerated Policy Learning with Parallel Differentiable Simulationcited by 104
  3. 2022MyoSuite -- A contact-rich simulation suite for musculoskeletal motor controlcited by 80
  4. 2022DEP-RL: Embodied Exploration for Reinforcement Learning in Overactuated and Musculoskeletal Systemscited by 29
  5. 2023SAR: Generalization of Physiological Agility and Dexterity via Synergistic Action Representationcited by 17
  6. 2023MyoDex: A Generalizable Prior for Dexterous Manipulationcited by 11
  7. 2021OstrichRL: A Musculoskeletal Ostrich Simulation to Study Bio-mechanical Locomotioncited by 10
  8. 2017Quantifying Performance of Bipedal Standing with Multi-channel EMGcited by 4

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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2024: 5; 2025: 6; 2026: 6.

17 papers.

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  1. 2024DynSyn: Dynamical Synergistic Representation for Efficient Learning and Control in Overactuated Embodied Systemscited by 12
  2. 2024Scalable Bayesian Optimization via Focalized Sparse Gaussian Processescited by 8
  3. 2025KINESIS: Motion Imitation for Human Musculoskeletal Locomotioncited by 7
  4. 2026Scalable Exploration for High-Dimensional Continuous Control via Value-Guided Flowcited by 5
  5. 2024Safe Bayesian Optimization for the Control of High-Dimensional Embodied Systemscited by 4
  6. 2024Muscles in Time: Learning to Understand Human Motion by Simulating Muscle Activationscited by 3
  7. 2024Homogeneous Dynamics Space for Heterogeneous Humanscited by 1
  8. 2025Bipedal Balance Control with Whole-body Musculoskeletal Standing and Falling Simulationscited by 1
  9. 2026Embodied Human Simulation for Quantitative Design and Analysis of Interactive Roboticscited by 1
  10. 2026Scaling Whole-Body Human Musculoskeletal Behavior Emulation for Specificity and Diversitycited by 1
  11. 2025Human sensory-musculoskeletal modeling and control of whole-body movementscited by 0
  12. 2025Diff-MSM: Differentiable MusculoSkeletal Model for Simultaneous Identification of Human Muscle and Bone Parameterscited by 0
5 more
  1. 2025Wearable-informed generative digital avatars predict task-conditioned post-stroke locomotioncited by 0
  2. 2025Embodied Learning of Reward for Musculoskeletal Control with Vision Language Modelscited by 0
  3. 2026BioHuman: Learning Biomechanical Human Representations from Videocited by 0
  4. 2026UniExo: Unified Multi-Skill Policies for Musculoskeletal Locomotion and Co-Adaptive Exoskeleton Controlcited by 0
  5. 2026Learning a Speed-adaptive Hip Exoskeleton Control Policy Via Sim-to-real Reinforcement Learningcited by 0