Reset-Free Reinforcement Learning via Multi-Task Learning: Learning Dexterous Manipulation Behaviors without Human Intervention
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Abstract (arXiv)
Reinforcement Learning (RL) algorithms can in principle acquire complex robotic skills by learning from large amounts of data in the real world, collected via trial and error. However, most RL algorithms use a carefully engineered setup in order to collect data, requiring human supervision and intervention to provide episodic resets. This is particularly evident in challenging robotics problems, such as dexterous manipulation. To make data collection scalable, such applications require reset-free algorithms that are able to learn autonomously, without explicit instrumentation or human intervention. Most prior work in this area handles single-task learning. However, we might also want robots that can perform large repertoires of skills. At first, this would appear to only make the problem harder. However, the key observation we make in this work is that an appropriately chosen multi-task RL setting actually alleviates the reset-free learning challenge, with minimal additional machinery required. In effect, solving a multi-task problem can directly solve the reset-free problem since different combinations of tasks can serve to perform resets for other tasks. By learning multiple tasks together and appropriately sequencing them, we can effectively learn all of the tasks together reset-free. This type of multi-task learning can effectively scale reset-free learning schemes to much more complex problems, as we demonstrate in our experiments. We propose a simple scheme for multi-task learning that tackles the reset-free learning problem, and show its effectiveness at learning to solve complex dexterous manipulation tasks in both hardware and simulation without any explicit resets. This work shows the ability to learn dexterous manipulation behaviors in the real world with RL without any human intervention.
Key facts. Cited by 90 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 40 of its 64 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 22 Apr 2021.
Builds on
40 of 64 references.
References · 40
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- 2015Policy Distillationcited by 414
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28 more
- 2018Visual Reinforcement Learning with Imagined Goalscited by 248
- 2017Distral: Robust Multitask Reinforcement Learningcited by 231
- 2020Learning Agile Robotic Locomotion Skills by Imitating Animalscited by 229
- 2015Supersizing Self-supervision: Learning to Grasp from 50K Tries and 700 Robot Hourscited by 208
- 2019Deep Dynamics Models for Learning Dexterous Manipulationcited by 200
- 2019Efficient Exploration via State Marginal Matchingcited by 186
- 2015Actor-Mimic: Deep Multitask and Transfer Reinforcement Learningcited by 176
- 2018Learning by Playing - Solving Sparse Reward Tasks from Scratchcited by 164
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- 2017Leave no Trace: Learning to Reset for Safe and Autonomous Reinforcement Learningcited by 86
- 2018Dexterous Manipulation with Deep Reinforcement Learning: Efficient, General, and Low-Costcited by 79
- 2019ROBEL: Robotics Benchmarks for Learning with Low-Cost Robotscited by 70
- 2015Learning Contact-Rich Manipulation Skills with Guided Policy Searchcited by 37
- 2016Learning Dexterous Manipulation for a Soft Robotic Hand from Human Demonstrationcited by 35
- 2016Learning Dexterous Manipulation Policies from Experience and Imitationcited by 32
- 2017Deep Predictive Policy Training using Reinforcement Learningcited by 30
- 2019DoorGym: A Scalable Door Opening Environment And Baseline Agentcited by 26
- 2016Path Integral Guided Policy Searchcited by 14
- 2020High Acceleration Reinforcement Learning for Real-World Juggling with Binary Rewardscited by 14
- 2019MAT: Multi-Fingered Adaptive Tactile Grasping via Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 11
- 2019Compositional Transfer in Hierarchical Reinforcement Learningcited by 7
- 2016Reset-Free Guided Policy Search: Efficient Deep Reinforcement Learning with Stochastic Initial Statescited by 2
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 4; 2022: 17; 2023: 19; 2024: 26; 2025: 11; 2026: 13.
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- 2024JUICER: Data-Efficient Imitation Learning for Robotic Assemblycited by 36
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- 2025CordViP: Correspondence-based Visuomotor Policy for Dexterous Manipulation in Real-Worldcited by 16
- 2024DexHandDiff: Interaction-aware Diffusion Planning for Adaptive Dexterous Manipulationcited by 15
- 2021Wish you were here: Hindsight Goal Selection for long-horizon dexterous manipulationcited by 13
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- 2026Meta-Learning and Meta-Reinforcement Learning -- Tracing the Path towards DeepMind's Adaptive Agent23 Feb 2026
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- 2025Vision-Language-Action Models for Robotics: A Review Towards Real-World Applications8 Oct 2025
- 2025Leveraging Temporally Extended Behavior Sharing for Multi-task Reinforcement Learning25 Sep 2025
- 2025Small transformer architectures for task switching6 Aug 2025
- 2025SLAC: Safe and Efficient Real-Robot Reinforcement Learning via Unsupervised Simulation Pre-Training4 Jun 2025
- 2025Interactive Imitation Learning for Dexterous Robotic Manipulation: Challenges and Perspectives -- A Survey30 May 2025
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- 2024Reconciling Reality through Simulation: A Real-to-Sim-to-Real Approach for Robust Manipulation6 Mar 2024
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- 2024JUICER: Data-Efficient Imitation Learning for Robotic Assemblycited by 36
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- 2026Failure-Aware RL: Reliable Offline-to-Online Reinforcement Learning with Self-Recovery for Real-World Manipulation12 Jan 2026
- 2025Interactive Imitation Learning for Dexterous Robotic Manipulation: Challenges and Perspectives -- A Survey30 May 2025
- 2024Offline-to-online Reinforcement Learning for Image-based Grasping with Scarce Demonstrations19 Oct 2024
- 2024JUICER: Data-Efficient Imitation Learning for Robotic Assembly4 Apr 2024
- 2024DexCap: Scalable and Portable Mocap Data Collection System for Dexterous Manipulation12 Mar 2024
- 2024Reconciling Reality through Simulation: A Real-to-Sim-to-Real Approach for Robust Manipulation6 Mar 2024
- 2023Multimodal and Force-Matched Imitation Learning with a See-Through Visuotactile Sensor2 Nov 2023
- 2023REBOOT: Reuse Data for Bootstrapping Efficient Real-World Dexterous Manipulation6 Sep 2023
- 2023Learning Vision-based Robotic Manipulation Tasks Sequentially in Offline Reinforcement Learning Settings31 Jan 2023
- 2022Learning from Guided Play: Improving Exploration for Adversarial Imitation Learning with Simple Auxiliary Tasks30 Dec 2022
- 2022Teachable Reinforcement Learning via Advice Distillation19 Mar 2022
- 2022STIR2: Reward Relabelling for combined Reinforcement and Imitation Learning on sparse-reward tasks11 Jan 2022
12 newest of 13 All 13 (JSON)
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- 2025DexGraspVLA: A Vision-Language-Action Framework Towards General Dexterous Graspingcited by 87
- 2026Habilis-β: A Fast-Motion and Long-Lasting On-Device Vision-Language-Action Modelcited by 1
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- 2026Habilis-β: A Fast-Motion and Long-Lasting On-Device Vision-Language-Action Model21 Feb 2026
- 2025π*0.6: a VLA That Learns From Experience18 Nov 2025
- 2025DexGraspVLA: A Vision-Language-Action Framework Towards General Dexterous Grasping28 Feb 2025
- 2024TinyVLA: Towards Fast, Data-Efficient Vision-Language-Action Models for Robotic Manipulation19 Sep 2024
- 2022Transferring Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning Policies for Autonomous Driving using Sim-to-Realcited by 16
- 2023FastRLAP: A System for Learning High-Speed Driving via Deep RL and Autonomous Practicingcited by 13
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- 2022Transferring Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning Policies for Autonomous Driving using Sim-to-Real22 Mar 2022
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- 2024SERL: A Software Suite for Sample-Efficient Robotic Reinforcement Learningcited by 113
- 2024URDFormer: A Pipeline for Constructing Articulated Simulation Environments from Real-World Imagescited by 106
- 2022MyoSuite -- A contact-rich simulation suite for musculoskeletal motor controlcited by 80
- 2023LEAP Hand: Low-Cost, Efficient, and Anthropomorphic Hand for Robot Learningcited by 78
- 2023Robot Fine-Tuning Made Easy: Pre-Training Rewards and Policies for Autonomous Real-World Reinforcement Learningcited by 49
- 2025RL-100: Performant Robotic Manipulation with Real-World Reinforcement Learningcited by 47
- 2023Sequential Dexterity: Chaining Dexterous Policies for Long-Horizon Manipulationcited by 43
- 2024RLDG: Robotic Generalist Policy Distillation via Reinforcement Learningcited by 42
- 2021Autonomous Reinforcement Learning: Formalism and Benchmarkingcited by 33
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12 most cited of 61 All 61 (JSON)
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- 2026FAR: Failure-Aware Retry for Test-Time Recovery and Continual Policy Improvement1 Jul 2026
- 2026Decoupling Exploration and Policy Optimization: Uncertainty Guided Tree Search for Hard Exploration23 Mar 2026
- 2026From Prior to Pro: Efficient Skill Mastery via Distribution Contractive RL Finetuning10 Mar 2026
- 2026Meta-Learning and Meta-Reinforcement Learning -- Tracing the Path towards DeepMind's Adaptive Agent23 Feb 2026
- 2026E2HiL: Entropy-Guided Sample Selection for Efficient Real-World Human-in-the-Loop Reinforcement Learning27 Jan 2026
- 2025Learning Without Time-Based Embodiment Resets in Soft-Actor Critic6 Dec 2025
- 2025RL-100: Performant Robotic Manipulation with Real-World Reinforcement Learning16 Oct 2025
- 2025Leveraging Temporally Extended Behavior Sharing for Multi-task Reinforcement Learning25 Sep 2025
- 2025Small transformer architectures for task switching6 Aug 2025
- 2025SLAC: Safe and Efficient Real-Robot Reinforcement Learning via Unsupervised Simulation Pre-Training4 Jun 2025
- 2025CordViP: Correspondence-based Visuomotor Policy for Dexterous Manipulation in Real-World12 Feb 2025
12 newest of 61 All 61 (JSON)