Single Image Portrait Relighting
Not on the map. Why?
Cited by 28 in Diffusion models, but placed by its own abstract, which didn’t fit.
Abstract (arXiv)
Lighting plays a central role in conveying the essence and depth of the subject in a portrait photograph. Professional photographers will carefully control the lighting in their studio to manipulate the appearance of their subject, while consumer photographers are usually constrained to the illumination of their environment. Though prior works have explored techniques for relighting an image, their utility is usually limited due to requirements of specialized hardware, multiple images of the subject under controlled or known illuminations, or accurate models of geometry and reflectance. To this end, we present a system for portrait relighting: a neural network that takes as input a single RGB image of a portrait taken with a standard cellphone camera in an unconstrained environment, and from that image produces a relit image of that subject as though it were illuminated according to any provided environment map. Our method is trained on a small database of 18 individuals captured under different directional light sources in a controlled light stage setup consisting of a densely sampled sphere of lights. Our proposed technique produces quantitatively superior results on our dataset's validation set compared to prior works, and produces convincing qualitative relighting results on a dataset of hundreds of real-world cellphone portraits. Because our technique can produce a 640 × 640 image in only 160 milliseconds, it may enable interactive user-facing photographic applications in the future.
Key facts. Cited by 152 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 2 May 2019.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 33; 2022: 18; 2023: 28; 2024: 29; 2025: 27; 2026: 17.
152 papers.
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- 2021GAN Inversion: A Surveycited by 367
- 2021GRAM: Generative Radiance Manifolds for 3D-Aware Image Generationcited by 216
- 2021HyperNeRF: A Higher-Dimensional Representation for Topologically Varying Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 214
- 2023Relightable Gaussian Codec Avatarscited by 127
- 2023DCFace: Synthetic Face Generation with Dual Condition Diffusion Modelcited by 116
- 2021NeRF for Outdoor Scene Relightingcited by 114
- 2024DiLightNet: Fine-grained Lighting Control for Diffusion-based Image Generationcited by 93
- 2024Neural Gaffer: Relighting Any Object via Diffusioncited by 91
- 2023DiffusionRig: Learning Personalized Priors for Facial Appearance Editingcited by 75
- 2022Learning to Relight Portrait Images via a Virtual Light Stage and Synthetic-to-Real Adaptationcited by 67
- 2024SwitchLight: Co-design of Physics-driven Architecture and Pre-training Framework for Human Portrait Relightingcited by 67
- 2022StyleLight: HDR Panorama Generation for Lighting Estimation and Editingcited by 59
38 more
- 2023Relightful Harmonization: Lighting-aware Portrait Background Replacementcited by 57
- 2024LightIt: Illumination Modeling and Control for Diffusion Modelscited by 57
- 2021Multimodal Image Synthesis and Editing: The Generative AI Eracited by 52
- 2021Free-viewpoint Indoor Neural Relighting from Multi-view Stereocited by 50
- 2021Camera Measurement of Physiological Vital Signscited by 49
- 2021Neural Video Portrait Relighting in Real-time via Consistency Modelingcited by 46
- 2022Face Relighting with Geometrically Consistent Shadowscited by 43
- 2024URAvatar: Universal Relightable Gaussian Codec Avatarscited by 43
- 2021Towards High Fidelity Face Relighting with Realistic Shadowscited by 42
- 2023ReLight My NeRF: A Dataset for Novel View Synthesis and Relighting of Real World Objectscited by 42
- 2023Relighting Neural Radiance Fields with Shadow and Highlight Hintscited by 42
- 2022Relighting4D: Neural Relightable Human from Videoscited by 41
- 2021NeLF: Neural Light-transport Field for Portrait View Synthesis and Relightingcited by 38
- 2024LumiNet: Latent Intrinsics Meets Diffusion Models for Indoor Scene Relightingcited by 38
- 2021A Survey on Intrinsic Images: Delving Deep Into Lambert and Beyondcited by 37
- 2021Live Speech Portraits: Real-Time Photorealistic Talking-Head Animationcited by 36
- 2025LBM: Latent Bridge Matching for Fast Image-to-Image Translationcited by 36
- 2021Practical Face Reconstruction via Differentiable Ray Tracingcited by 35
- 2023A Dataset of Relighted 3D Interacting Handscited by 35
- 2024DifFRelight: Diffusion-Based Facial Performance Relightingcited by 35
- 2022Geometry-aware Single-image Full-body Human Relightingcited by 34
- 2024Holo-Relighting: Controllable Volumetric Portrait Relighting from a Single Imagecited by 32
- 2022De-rendering 3D Objects in the Wildcited by 31
- 2021Single-image Full-body Human Relightingcited by 30
- 2022SunStage: Portrait Reconstruction and Relighting using the Sun as a Light Stagecited by 30
- 2022OutCast: Outdoor Single-image Relighting with Cast Shadowscited by 30
- 2023AvatarStudio: Text-driven Editing of 3D Dynamic Human Head Avatarscited by 30
- 2024IllumiNeRF: 3D Relighting Without Inverse Renderingcited by 29
- 2021GMLight: Lighting Estimation via Geometric Distribution Approximationcited by 28
- 2025Lux Post Facto: Learning Portrait Performance Relighting with Conditional Video Diffusion and a Hybrid Datasetcited by 28
- 2023Semi-supervised Parametric Real-world Image Harmonizationcited by 26
- 2021Towards Open-World Text-Guided Face Image Generation and Manipulationcited by 25
- 2024Lite2Relight: 3D-aware Single Image Portrait Relightingcited by 25
- 2025VidCRAFT3: Camera, Object, and Lighting Control for Image-to-Video Generationcited by 25
- 2021MOST-GAN: 3D Morphable StyleGAN for Disentangled Face Image Manipulationcited by 24
- 2023MEGANE: Morphable Eyeglass and Avatar Networkcited by 24
- 2025SynthLight: Portrait Relighting with Diffusion Model by Learning to Re-render Synthetic Facescited by 24
- 2024RelitLRM: Generative Relightable Radiance for Large Reconstruction Modelscited by 23
50 most cited of 152 All 152 (JSON)
- 2026Geometry-Driven Shadow Harmonisation for Composited Faces: A Multiplicative, Albedo-Preserving Relighting Pipeline15 Sep 2026
- 2026FreeLit: Paired-Free Indoor Relighting via Physics-Guided Diffusion15 Jul 2026
- 2026Decoupled Illumination Priors for Spatially Controllable Multi-View Indoor Scene Relighting9 Jul 2026
- 2026RAGA: Real Time Ray Traced Gaussian Shadow Casting for 3DGS Avatar-Scene Interaction28 Jun 2026
- 2026HAFMat: Hybrid Priors Guided Adaptive Fusion for Single-Image Human Material Estimation15 Jun 2026
- 2026HarmoVid: Relightful Video Portrait Harmonization27 May 2026
- 2026F-RNG: Feed-Forward Relightable Neural Gaussians25 May 2026
- 2026BodyReLux: Temporally Consistent Full-Body Video Relighting20 May 2026
- 2026UniVidX: A Unified Multimodal Framework for Versatile Video Generation via Diffusion Priors1 May 2026
- 2026Learning Illumination Control in Diffusion Models27 Apr 2026
- 2026SpectralSplat: Appearance-Disentangled Feed-Forward Gaussian Splatting for Driving Scenes3 Apr 2026
- 2026LightCtrl: Training-free Controllable Video Relighting28 Mar 2026
38 more
- 2026Dual Diffusion Models for Multi-modal Guided 3D Avatar Generation4 Mar 2026
- 2026Edge-Aware Image Manipulation via Diffusion Models with a Novel Structure-Preservation Loss23 Jan 2026
- 2026GR3EN: Generative Relighting for 3D Environments22 Jan 2026
- 2026RelightAnyone: A Generalized Relightable 3D Gaussian Head Model6 Jan 2026
- 2026Animated 3DGS Avatars in Diverse Scenes with Consistent Lighting and Shadows4 Jan 2026
- 2025A Convolutional Neural Deferred Shader for Physics Based Rendering22 Dec 2025
- 2025Using Gaussian Splats to Create High-Fidelity Facial Geometry and Texture18 Dec 2025
- 2025POLAR: A Portrait OLAT Dataset and Generative Framework for Illumination-Aware Face Modeling15 Dec 2025
- 2025GTAvatar: Bridging Gaussian Splatting and Texture Mapping for Relightable and Editable Gaussian Avatars9 Dec 2025
- 2025Light-X: Generative 4D Video Rendering with Camera and Illumination Control4 Dec 2025
- 2025UniLight: A Unified Representation for Lighting3 Dec 2025
- 2025Refracting Reality: Generating Images with Realistic Transparent Objects21 Nov 2025
- 2025Training-Free Multi-View Extension of IC-Light for Textual Position-Aware Scene Relighting17 Nov 2025
- 2025ROGR: Relightable 3D Objects using Generative Relighting3 Oct 2025
- 2025Lumen: Consistent Video Relighting and Harmonious Background Replacement with Video Generative Models18 Aug 2025
- 2025HumanOLAT: A Large-Scale Dataset for Full-Body Human Relighting and Novel-View Synthesis12 Aug 2025
- 2025HumanMaterial: Human Material Estimation from a Single Image via Progressive Training24 Jul 2025
- 2025TC-Light: Temporally Coherent Generative Rendering for Realistic World Transfer23 Jun 2025
- 2025DreamLight: Towards Harmonious and Consistent Image Relighting17 Jun 2025
- 2025BecomingLit: Relightable Gaussian Avatars with Hybrid Neural Shading6 Jun 2025
- 2025Generalizable and Relightable Gaussian Splatting for Human Novel View Synthesis27 May 2025
- 2025Total-Editing: Head Avatar with Editable Appearance, Motion, and Lighting26 May 2025
- 2025IntrinsicEdit: Precise generative image manipulation in intrinsic space13 May 2025
- 2025Comprehensive Relighting: Generalizable and Consistent Monocular Human Relighting and Harmonization3 Apr 2025
- 2025Uni-Render: A Unified Accelerator for Real-Time Rendering Across Diverse Neural Renderers31 Mar 2025
- 2025Parametric Shadow Control for Portrait Generation in Text-to-Image Diffusion Models27 Mar 2025
- 2025Lux Post Facto: Learning Portrait Performance Relighting with Conditional Video Diffusion and a Hybrid Dataset18 Mar 2025
- 2025LBM: Latent Bridge Matching for Fast Image-to-Image Translation10 Mar 2025
- 2025High-Fidelity Relightable Monocular Portrait Animation with Lighting-Controllable Video Diffusion Model27 Feb 2025
- 2025VidCRAFT3: Camera, Object, and Lighting Control for Image-to-Video Generation11 Feb 2025
- 2025Relightable Full-Body Gaussian Codec Avatars24 Jan 2025
- 2025SynthLight: Portrait Relighting with Diffusion Model by Learning to Re-render Synthetic Faces16 Jan 2025
- 2024Text2Relight: Creative Portrait Relighting with Text Guidance18 Dec 2024
- 2024GenLit: Reformulating Single-Image Relighting as Video Generation15 Dec 2024
- 2024LumiNet: Latent Intrinsics Meets Diffusion Models for Indoor Scene Relighting29 Nov 2024
- 2024MLI-NeRF: Multi-Light Intrinsic-Aware Neural Radiance Fields26 Nov 2024
- 2024Analyzing and Improving the Skin Tone Consistency and Bias in Implicit 3D Relightable Face Generators18 Nov 2024
- 2024All-frequency Full-body Human Image Relighting1 Nov 2024
50 newest of 152 All 152 (JSON)
- 2023DCFace: Synthetic Face Generation with Dual Condition Diffusion Modelcited by 116
- 2024DiLightNet: Fine-grained Lighting Control for Diffusion-based Image Generationcited by 93
- 2024Neural Gaffer: Relighting Any Object via Diffusioncited by 91
- 2023Relightful Harmonization: Lighting-aware Portrait Background Replacementcited by 57
- 2024LightIt: Illumination Modeling and Control for Diffusion Modelscited by 57
- 2021Neural Video Portrait Relighting in Real-time via Consistency Modelingcited by 46
- 2024LumiNet: Latent Intrinsics Meets Diffusion Models for Indoor Scene Relightingcited by 38
- 2024DifFRelight: Diffusion-Based Facial Performance Relightingcited by 35
- 2023AvatarStudio: Text-driven Editing of 3D Dynamic Human Head Avatarscited by 30
- 2025Lux Post Facto: Learning Portrait Performance Relighting with Conditional Video Diffusion and a Hybrid Datasetcited by 28
- 2025SynthLight: Portrait Relighting with Diffusion Model by Learning to Re-render Synthetic Facescited by 24
- 2024GenLit: Reformulating Single-Image Relighting as Video Generationcited by 20
12 most cited of 28 All 28 (JSON)
- 2026FreeLit: Paired-Free Indoor Relighting via Physics-Guided Diffusion15 Jul 2026
- 2026Decoupled Illumination Priors for Spatially Controllable Multi-View Indoor Scene Relighting9 Jul 2026
- 2026UniVidX: A Unified Multimodal Framework for Versatile Video Generation via Diffusion Priors1 May 2026
- 2026Learning Illumination Control in Diffusion Models27 Apr 2026
- 2026LightCtrl: Training-free Controllable Video Relighting28 Mar 2026
- 2026Dual Diffusion Models for Multi-modal Guided 3D Avatar Generation4 Mar 2026
- 2026Edge-Aware Image Manipulation via Diffusion Models with a Novel Structure-Preservation Loss23 Jan 2026
- 2026GR3EN: Generative Relighting for 3D Environments22 Jan 2026
- 2025Training-Free Multi-View Extension of IC-Light for Textual Position-Aware Scene Relighting17 Nov 2025
- 2025IntrinsicEdit: Precise generative image manipulation in intrinsic space13 May 2025
- 2025Comprehensive Relighting: Generalizable and Consistent Monocular Human Relighting and Harmonization3 Apr 2025
- 2025Parametric Shadow Control for Portrait Generation in Text-to-Image Diffusion Models27 Mar 2025
12 newest of 28 All 28 (JSON)
- 2021GAN Inversion: A Surveycited by 367
- 2021GRAM: Generative Radiance Manifolds for 3D-Aware Image Generationcited by 216
- 2021HyperNeRF: A Higher-Dimensional Representation for Topologically Varying Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 214
- 2023Relightable Gaussian Codec Avatarscited by 127
- 2021NeRF for Outdoor Scene Relightingcited by 114
- 2023DiffusionRig: Learning Personalized Priors for Facial Appearance Editingcited by 75
- 2022Learning to Relight Portrait Images via a Virtual Light Stage and Synthetic-to-Real Adaptationcited by 67
- 2024SwitchLight: Co-design of Physics-driven Architecture and Pre-training Framework for Human Portrait Relightingcited by 67
- 2022StyleLight: HDR Panorama Generation for Lighting Estimation and Editingcited by 59
- 2021Multimodal Image Synthesis and Editing: The Generative AI Eracited by 52
- 2021Free-viewpoint Indoor Neural Relighting from Multi-view Stereocited by 50
- 2021Camera Measurement of Physiological Vital Signscited by 49
12 most cited of 124 All 124 (JSON)
- 2026Geometry-Driven Shadow Harmonisation for Composited Faces: A Multiplicative, Albedo-Preserving Relighting Pipeline15 Sep 2026
- 2026RAGA: Real Time Ray Traced Gaussian Shadow Casting for 3DGS Avatar-Scene Interaction28 Jun 2026
- 2026HAFMat: Hybrid Priors Guided Adaptive Fusion for Single-Image Human Material Estimation15 Jun 2026
- 2026HarmoVid: Relightful Video Portrait Harmonization27 May 2026
- 2026F-RNG: Feed-Forward Relightable Neural Gaussians25 May 2026
- 2026BodyReLux: Temporally Consistent Full-Body Video Relighting20 May 2026
- 2026SpectralSplat: Appearance-Disentangled Feed-Forward Gaussian Splatting for Driving Scenes3 Apr 2026
- 2026RelightAnyone: A Generalized Relightable 3D Gaussian Head Model6 Jan 2026
- 2026Animated 3DGS Avatars in Diverse Scenes with Consistent Lighting and Shadows4 Jan 2026
- 2025A Convolutional Neural Deferred Shader for Physics Based Rendering22 Dec 2025
- 2025Using Gaussian Splats to Create High-Fidelity Facial Geometry and Texture18 Dec 2025
- 2025POLAR: A Portrait OLAT Dataset and Generative Framework for Illumination-Aware Face Modeling15 Dec 2025
12 newest of 124 All 124 (JSON)