mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

OVRL-V2: A simple state-of-art baseline for ImageNav and ObjectNav

arXiv 2303.07798 ↗First posted 14 Mar 2023cs.CV cs.AIcited by 68

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Abstract (arXiv)

We present a single neural network architecture composed of task-agnostic components (ViTs, convolutions, and LSTMs) that achieves state-of-art results on both the ImageNav ("go to location in <this picture>") and ObjectNav ("find a chair") tasks without any task-specific modules like object detection, segmentation, mapping, or planning modules. Such general-purpose methods offer advantages of simplicity in design, positive scaling with available compute, and versatile applicability to multiple tasks. Our work builds upon the recent success of self-supervised learning (SSL) for pre-training vision transformers (ViT). However, while the training recipes for convolutional networks are mature and robust, the recipes for ViTs are contingent and brittle, and in the case of ViTs for visual navigation, yet to be fully discovered. Specifically, we find that vanilla ViTs do not outperform ResNets on visual navigation. We propose the use of a compression layer operating over ViT patch representations to preserve spatial information along with policy training improvements. These improvements allow us to demonstrate positive scaling laws for the first time in visual navigation tasks. Consequently, our model advances state-of-the-art performance on ImageNav from 54.2% to 82.0% success and performs competitively against concurrent state-of-art on ObjectNav with success rate of 64.0% vs. 65.0%. Overall, this work does not present a fundamentally new approach, but rather recommendations for training a general-purpose architecture that achieves state-of-art performance today and could serve as a strong baseline for future methods.

Key facts. Cited by 68 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 40 of its 51 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 14 Mar 2023.

Builds on

40 of 51 references.

References · 40

  1. 2021Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervisioncited by 33,456
  2. 2021Masked Autoencoders Are Scalable Vision Learnerscited by 7,339
  3. 2021Emerging Properties in Self-Supervised Vision Transformerscited by 6,893
  4. 2021An Empirical Study of Training Self-Supervised Vision Transformerscited by 1,610
  5. 2019Habitat: A Platform for Embodied AI Researchcited by 1,163
  6. 2022data2vec: A General Framework for Self-supervised Learning in Speech, Vision and Languagecited by 718
  7. 2021Habitat-Matterport 3D Dataset (HM3D): 1000 Large-scale 3D Environments for Embodied AIcited by 579
  8. 2018On Evaluation of Embodied Navigation Agentscited by 526
  9. 2021Habitat 2.0: Training Home Assistants to Rearrange their Habitatcited by 501
  10. 2018Gibson Env: Real-World Perception for Embodied Agentscited by 477
  11. 2020Object Goal Navigation using Goal-Oriented Semantic Explorationcited by 421
  12. 2022ProcTHOR: Large-Scale Embodied AI Using Procedural Generationcited by 369
28 more
  1. 2021Mastering Visual Continuous Control: Improved Data-Augmented Reinforcement Learningcited by 359
  2. 2019DD-PPO: Learning Near-Perfect PointGoal Navigators from 2.5 Billion Framescited by 352
  3. 2016Target-driven Visual Navigation in Indoor Scenes using Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 351
  4. 2021Omnidata: A Scalable Pipeline for Making Multi-Task Mid-Level Vision Datasets from 3D Scanscited by 336
  5. 2021History Aware Multimodal Transformer for Vision-and-Language Navigationcited by 268
  6. 2022Masked Visual Pre-training for Motor Controlcited by 246
  7. 2022Real-World Robot Learning with Masked Visual Pre-trainingcited by 241
  8. 2020ObjectNav Revisited: On Evaluation of Embodied Agents Navigating to Objectscited by 240
  9. 2020Neural Topological SLAM for Visual Navigationcited by 193
  10. 2021Simple but Effective: CLIP Embeddings for Embodied AIcited by 191
  11. 2022ZSON: Zero-Shot Object-Goal Navigation using Multimodal Goal Embeddingscited by 177
  12. 2022Masked World Models for Visual Controlcited by 169
  13. 2022PONI: Potential Functions for ObjectGoal Navigation with Interaction-free Learningcited by 149
  14. 2018Visual Semantic Navigation using Scene Priorscited by 127
  15. 2022Habitat-Matterport 3D Semantics Datasetcited by 109
  16. 2019Embodied Question Answering in Photorealistic Environments with Point Cloud Perceptioncited by 103
  17. 2023PIRLNav: Pretraining with Imitation and RL Finetuning for ObjectNavcited by 91
  18. 2022EnvEdit: Environment Editing for Vision-and-Language Navigationcited by 83
  19. 2018Robot Learning in Homes: Improving Generalization and Reducing Dataset Biascited by 75
  20. 2022Offline Visual Representation Learning for Embodied Navigationcited by 74
  21. 2021Auxiliary Tasks and Exploration Enable ObjectNavcited by 73
  22. 2022Zero Experience Required: Plug & Play Modular Transfer Learning for Semantic Visual Navigationcited by 66
  23. 2021Memory-Augmented Reinforcement Learning for Image-Goal Navigationcited by 64
  24. 2021No RL, No Simulation: Learning to Navigate without Navigatingcited by 63
  25. 2021Curious Representation Learning for Embodied Intelligencecited by 43
  26. 2022Last-Mile Embodied Visual Navigationcited by 25
  27. 2022Navigating to Objects in Unseen Environments by Distance Predictioncited by 15
  28. 2022Exploring Vision Transformers as Diffusion Learnerscited by 10

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2023: 13; 2024: 21; 2025: 21; 2026: 13.

68 papers.

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  1. 2024Video Prediction Policy: A Generalist Robot Policy with Predictive Visual Representationscited by 279
  2. 2023Where are we in the search for an Artificial Visual Cortex for Embodied Intelligence?cited by 215
  3. 2023VLFM: Vision-Language Frontier Maps for Zero-Shot Semantic Navigationcited by 201
  4. 2024Uni-NaVid: A Video-based Vision-Language-Action Model for Unifying Embodied Navigation Taskscited by 146
  5. 2024GOAT-Bench: A Benchmark for Multi-Modal Lifelong Navigationcited by 93
  6. 2023Navigation with Large Language Models: Semantic Guesswork as a Heuristic for Planningcited by 88
  7. 2024HM3D-OVON: A Dataset and Benchmark for Open-Vocabulary Object Goal Navigationcited by 71
  8. 2024Theia: Distilling Diverse Vision Foundation Models for Robot Learningcited by 56
  9. 2025UniGoal: Towards Universal Zero-shot Goal-oriented Navigationcited by 56
  10. 2023Navigating to Objects Specified by Imagescited by 50
  11. 2024GaussNav: Gaussian Splatting for Visual Navigationcited by 49
  12. 2025WMNav: Integrating Vision-Language Models into World Models for Object Goal Navigationcited by 42
38 more
  1. 2024Vision-Language Models Provide Promptable Representations for Reinforcement Learningcited by 41
  2. 2024Learning Generalizable Feature Fields for Mobile Manipulationcited by 31
  3. 2024Prioritized Semantic Learning for Zero-shot Instance Navigationcited by 30
  4. 2023FGPrompt: Fine-grained Goal Prompting for Image-goal Navigationcited by 21
  5. 2023Selective Visual Representations Improve Convergence and Generalization for Embodied AIcited by 19
  6. 2023End-to-End (Instance)-Image Goal Navigation through Correspondence as an Emergent Phenomenoncited by 16
  7. 2024Instance-aware Exploration-Verification-Exploitation for Instance ImageGoal Navigationcited by 15
  8. 2023Advances in Embodied Navigation Using Large Language Models: A Surveycited by 14
  9. 2023MOPA: Modular Object Navigation with PointGoal Agentscited by 11
  10. 2023What do we learn from a large-scale study of pre-trained visual representations in sim and real environments?cited by 11
  11. 2024Pre-trained Text-to-Image Diffusion Models Are Versatile Representation Learners for Controlcited by 11
  12. 2024Personalized Instance-based Navigation Toward User-Specific Objects in Realistic Environmentscited by 11
  13. 2025NavigateDiff: Visual Predictors are Zero-Shot Navigation Assistantscited by 11
  14. 2025FindingDory: A Benchmark to Evaluate Memory in Embodied Agentscited by 11
  15. 2025EmbodiedSplat: Personalized Real-to-Sim-to-Real Navigation with Gaussian Splats from a Mobile Devicecited by 11
  16. 2025IGL-Nav: Incremental 3D Gaussian Localization for Image-goal Navigationcited by 10
  17. 2026VLingNav: Embodied Navigation with Adaptive Reasoning and Visual-Assisted Linguistic Memorycited by 10
  18. 2023HabiCrowd: A High Performance Simulator for Crowd-Aware Visual Navigationcited by 9
  19. 2023Exploitation-Guided Exploration for Semantic Embodied Navigationcited by 9
  20. 2024LOC-ZSON: Language-driven Object-Centric Zero-Shot Object Retrieval and Navigationcited by 8
  21. 2024Learning to navigate efficiently and precisely in real environmentscited by 5
  22. 2026ReaDy-Go: Real-to-Sim Dynamic 3D Gaussian Splatting Simulation for Environment-Specific Visual Navigation with Moving Obstaclescited by 5
  23. 2026LongNav-R1: Horizon-Adaptive Multi-Turn RL for Long-Horizon VLA Navigationcited by 5
  24. 2024DOZE: A Dataset for Open-Vocabulary Zero-Shot Object Navigation in Dynamic Environmentscited by 4
  25. 2025OmniEVA: Embodied Versatile Planner via Task-Adaptive 3D-Grounded and Embodiment-aware Reasoningcited by 4
  26. 2024Task-conditioned adaptation of visual features in multi-task policy learningcited by 3
  27. 2024Personalized Embodied Navigation for Portable Object Findingcited by 3
  28. 2024NOLO: Navigate Only Look Oncecited by 3
  29. 2025Image-Goal Navigation Using Refined Feature Guidance and Scene Graph Enhancementcited by 3
  30. 2026Uni-LaViRA: Language-Vision-Robot Actions Translation for Unified Embodied Navigationcited by 3
  31. 2023Visual Semantic Navigation with Real Robotscited by 2
  32. 2025RANa: Retrieval-Augmented Navigationcited by 2
  33. 2025SemNav: A Model-Based Planner for Zero-Shot Object Goal Navigation Using Vision-Foundation Modelscited by 2
  34. 2025What does really matter in image goal navigation?cited by 2
  35. 2025Kinaema: a recurrent sequence model for memory and pose in motioncited by 2
  36. 2025VLD: Visual Language Goal Distance for Reinforcement Learning Navigationcited by 2
  37. 2026ReMemNav: Memory-Based Decision Correction and Target Verification for Zero-Shot Object Navigationcited by 2
  38. 2024Transformers for Image-Goal Navigationcited by 1

50 most cited of 68 All 68 (JSON)