mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Feature4X: Bridging Any Monocular Video to 4D Agentic AI with Versatile Gaussian Feature Fields

arXiv 2503.20776 ↗First posted 26 Mar 2025cs.CVcited by 13

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Abstract (arXiv)

Recent advancements in 2D and multimodal models have achieved remarkable success by leveraging large-scale training on extensive datasets. However, extending these achievements to enable free-form interactions and high-level semantic operations with complex 3D/4D scenes remains challenging. This difficulty stems from the limited availability of large-scale, annotated 3D/4D or multi-view datasets, which are crucial for generalizable vision and language tasks such as open-vocabulary and prompt-based segmentation, language-guided editing, and visual question answering (VQA). In this paper, we introduce Feature4X, a universal framework designed to extend any functionality from 2D vision foundation model into the 4D realm, using only monocular video input, which is widely available from user-generated content. The "X" in Feature4X represents its versatility, enabling any task through adaptable, model-conditioned 4D feature field distillation. At the core of our framework is a dynamic optimization strategy that unifies multiple model capabilities into a single representation. Additionally, to the best of our knowledge, Feature4X is the first method to distill and lift the features of video foundation models (e.g., SAM2, InternVideo2) into an explicit 4D feature field using Gaussian Splatting. Our experiments showcase novel view segment anything, geometric and appearance scene editing, and free-form VQA across all time steps, empowered by LLMs in feedback loops. These advancements broaden the scope of agentic AI applications by providing a foundation for scalable, contextually and spatiotemporally aware systems capable of immersive dynamic 4D scene interaction.

Key facts. Cited by 13 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 87 of its 103 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 26 Mar 2025.

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87 of 103 references.

References · 87

  1. 2021Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervisioncited by 33,744
  2. 2023GPT-4 Technical Reportcited by 18,396
  3. 2023Segment Anythingcited by 8,234
  4. 2021Masked Autoencoders Are Scalable Vision Learnerscited by 7,403
  5. 2021Emerging Properties in Self-Supervised Vision Transformerscited by 6,968
  6. 20233D Gaussian Splatting for Real-Time Radiance Field Renderingcited by 6,226
  7. 2024SAM 2: Segment Anything in Images and Videoscited by 2,863
  8. 2022InstructPix2Pix: Learning to Follow Image Editing Instructionscited by 2,611
  9. 2020RAFT: Recurrent All-Pairs Field Transforms for Optical Flowcited by 2,415
  10. 2023DUSt3R: Geometric 3D Vision Made Easycited by 1,567
  11. 2020D-NeRF: Neural Radiance Fields for Dynamic Scenescited by 1,465
  12. 2020Nerfies: Deformable Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 1,198
38 more
  1. 20234D Gaussian Splatting for Real-Time Dynamic Scene Renderingcited by 1,157
  2. 2023VideoChat: Chat-Centric Video Understandingcited by 857
  3. 2023Deformable 3D Gaussians for High-Fidelity Monocular Dynamic Scene Reconstructioncited by 759
  4. 2020Neural Scene Flow Fields for Space-Time View Synthesis of Dynamic Scenescited by 751
  5. 2023K-Planes: Explicit Radiance Fields in Space, Time, and Appearancecited by 746
  6. 2023Dynamic 3D Gaussians: Tracking by Persistent Dynamic View Synthesiscited by 737
  7. 2022Language-driven Semantic Segmentationcited by 717
  8. 2016Keep it SMPL: Automatic Estimation of 3D Human Pose and Shape from a Single Imagecited by 695
  9. 2023Scaffold-GS: Structured 3D Gaussians for View-Adaptive Renderingcited by 695
  10. 2021DROID-SLAM: Deep Visual SLAM for Monocular, Stereo, and RGB-D Camerascited by 687
  11. 2023ZoeDepth: Zero-shot Transfer by Combining Relative and Metric Depthcited by 657
  12. 2020Neural Body: Implicit Neural Representations with Structured Latent Codes for Novel View Synthesis of Dynamic Humanscited by 634
  13. 2023HexPlane: A Fast Representation for Dynamic Scenescited by 587
  14. 2023LERF: Language Embedded Radiance Fieldscited by 543
  15. 2023CoTracker: It is Better to Track Togethercited by 522
  16. 2022HumanNeRF: Free-viewpoint Rendering of Moving People from Monocular Videocited by 483
  17. 2023Real-time Photorealistic Dynamic Scene Representation and Rendering with 4D Gaussian Splattingcited by 476
  18. 2020Non-Rigid Neural Radiance Fields: Reconstruction and Novel View Synthesis of a Dynamic Scene From Monocular Videocited by 471
  19. 2020Dynamic Neural Radiance Fields for Monocular 4D Facial Avatar Reconstructioncited by 467
  20. 2024MonST3R: A Simple Approach for Estimating Geometry in the Presence of Motioncited by 442
  21. 2021Dynamic View Synthesis from Dynamic Monocular Videocited by 420
  22. 2021In-Place Scene Labelling and Understanding with Implicit Scene Representationcited by 415
  23. 2023LangSplat: 3D Language Gaussian Splattingcited by 415
  24. 2020Space-time Neural Irradiance Fields for Free-Viewpoint Videocited by 414
  25. 2024UniDepth: Universal Monocular Metric Depth Estimationcited by 382
  26. 2022Decomposing NeRF for Editing via Feature Field Distillationcited by 371
  27. 2023Feature 3DGS: Supercharging 3D Gaussian Splatting to Enable Distilled Feature Fieldscited by 364
  28. 2021Animatable Neural Radiance Fields for Modeling Dynamic Human Bodiescited by 361
  29. 2023SC-GS: Sparse-Controlled Gaussian Splatting for Editable Dynamic Scenescited by 347
  30. 2023Spacetime Gaussian Feature Splatting for Real-Time Dynamic View Synthesiscited by 344
  31. 2018Learning Category-Specific Mesh Reconstruction from Image Collectionscited by 317
  32. 2024InternVideo2: Scaling Foundation Models for Multimodal Video Understandingcited by 317
  33. 2023Hiera: A Hierarchical Vision Transformer without the Bells-and-Whistlescited by 290
  34. 2020Neural Radiance Flow for 4D View Synthesis and Video Processingcited by 270
  35. 2024Shape of Motion: 4D Reconstruction from a Single Videocited by 250
  36. 2021A-NeRF: Articulated Neural Radiance Fields for Learning Human Shape, Appearance, and Posecited by 233
  37. 2023LucidDreamer: Domain-free Generation of 3D Gaussian Splatting Scenescited by 231
  38. 2022Particle Video Revisited: Tracking Through Occlusions Using Point Trajectoriescited by 217

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Citing papers per year: 2025: 6; 2026: 7.

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  1. 2026CL4D: Contrastive Language-4D Pretraining for Vision-Language Reasoning in Dynamic Scenes
  2. 20254D-RGPT: Toward Region-level 4D Understanding via Perceptual Distillation
  3. 20254D-Bench: Benchmarking Multi-modal Large Language Models for 4D Object Understanding
  4. 2026Scaling Video Understanding via Compact Latent Multi-Agent Collaboration
  5. 20254D LangSplat: 4D Language Gaussian Splatting via Multimodal Large Language Models
  6. 2025Uni4D-LLM: A Unified SpatioTemporal-Aware VLM for 4D Understanding and Generation
  7. 2025GPT4Scene: Understand 3D Scenes from Videos with Vision-Language Models
  8. 20264DVLT: Dynamic Scene Understanding with Worldline-Centered Vision-Language Tracking