Feature4X: Bridging Any Monocular Video to 4D Agentic AI with Versatile Gaussian Feature Fields
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Abstract (arXiv)
Recent advancements in 2D and multimodal models have achieved remarkable success by leveraging large-scale training on extensive datasets. However, extending these achievements to enable free-form interactions and high-level semantic operations with complex 3D/4D scenes remains challenging. This difficulty stems from the limited availability of large-scale, annotated 3D/4D or multi-view datasets, which are crucial for generalizable vision and language tasks such as open-vocabulary and prompt-based segmentation, language-guided editing, and visual question answering (VQA). In this paper, we introduce Feature4X, a universal framework designed to extend any functionality from 2D vision foundation model into the 4D realm, using only monocular video input, which is widely available from user-generated content. The "X" in Feature4X represents its versatility, enabling any task through adaptable, model-conditioned 4D feature field distillation. At the core of our framework is a dynamic optimization strategy that unifies multiple model capabilities into a single representation. Additionally, to the best of our knowledge, Feature4X is the first method to distill and lift the features of video foundation models (e.g., SAM2, InternVideo2) into an explicit 4D feature field using Gaussian Splatting. Our experiments showcase novel view segment anything, geometric and appearance scene editing, and free-form VQA across all time steps, empowered by LLMs in feedback loops. These advancements broaden the scope of agentic AI applications by providing a foundation for scalable, contextually and spatiotemporally aware systems capable of immersive dynamic 4D scene interaction.
Key facts. Cited by 13 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 87 of its 103 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 26 Mar 2025.
Builds on
87 of 103 references.
References · 87
- 2021Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervisioncited by 33,744
- 2023GPT-4 Technical Reportcited by 18,396
- 2023Segment Anythingcited by 8,234
- 2021Masked Autoencoders Are Scalable Vision Learnerscited by 7,403
- 2021Emerging Properties in Self-Supervised Vision Transformerscited by 6,968
- 20233D Gaussian Splatting for Real-Time Radiance Field Renderingcited by 6,226
- 2024SAM 2: Segment Anything in Images and Videoscited by 2,863
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- 2023DUSt3R: Geometric 3D Vision Made Easycited by 1,567
- 2020D-NeRF: Neural Radiance Fields for Dynamic Scenescited by 1,465
- 2020Nerfies: Deformable Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 1,198
38 more
- 20234D Gaussian Splatting for Real-Time Dynamic Scene Renderingcited by 1,157
- 2023VideoChat: Chat-Centric Video Understandingcited by 857
- 2023Deformable 3D Gaussians for High-Fidelity Monocular Dynamic Scene Reconstructioncited by 759
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- 2023Dynamic 3D Gaussians: Tracking by Persistent Dynamic View Synthesiscited by 737
- 2022Language-driven Semantic Segmentationcited by 717
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- 2023Scaffold-GS: Structured 3D Gaussians for View-Adaptive Renderingcited by 695
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- 2023HexPlane: A Fast Representation for Dynamic Scenescited by 587
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- 2023CoTracker: It is Better to Track Togethercited by 522
- 2022HumanNeRF: Free-viewpoint Rendering of Moving People from Monocular Videocited by 483
- 2023Real-time Photorealistic Dynamic Scene Representation and Rendering with 4D Gaussian Splattingcited by 476
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- 2021Dynamic View Synthesis from Dynamic Monocular Videocited by 420
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- 2023LangSplat: 3D Language Gaussian Splattingcited by 415
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- 2022Decomposing NeRF for Editing via Feature Field Distillationcited by 371
- 2023Feature 3DGS: Supercharging 3D Gaussian Splatting to Enable Distilled Feature Fieldscited by 364
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- 2023Spacetime Gaussian Feature Splatting for Real-Time Dynamic View Synthesiscited by 344
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50 most cited of 87 All 87 (JSON)
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Citing papers per year: 2025: 6; 2026: 7.
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- 2025VLM-3R: Vision-Language Models Augmented with Instruction-Aligned 3D Reconstructioncited by 166
- 2025VLM4D: Towards Spatiotemporal Awareness in Vision Language Modelscited by 46
- 2025SemanticSplat: Feed-Forward 3D Scene Understanding with Language-Aware Gaussian Fieldscited by 14
- 2025EA3D: Online Open-World 3D Object Extraction from Streaming Videoscited by 4
- 2026Learning Global Motion with Compact Gaussians for Feed-Forward 4D Reconstructioncited by 2
- 2025MorphoSim: An Interactive, Controllable, and Editable Language-guided 4D World Simulatorcited by 1
- 2025Mono4DEditor: Text-Driven 4D Scene Editing from Monocular Video via Point-Level Localization of Language-Embedded Gaussianscited by 1
- 2026PanopticQuery: Unified Query-Time Reasoning for 4D Scenescited by 1
- 2026Reconstructing the Dynamic World: A Representation-Centric View of 4D Scene Reconstructioncited by 1
- 2026ArtHOI: Articulated Human-Object Interaction Synthesis by 4D Reconstruction from Video Priorscited by 0
- 2026Unified Panoramic-Gaussian Representation for Monocular 4D Scene Synthesiscited by 0
- 2026SMG: Semantic Motion Graph for Monocular Dynamic Gaussian Splattingcited by 0
1 more
- 2026Reconstructing the Dynamic World: A Representation-Centric View of 4D Scene Reconstruction30 Sep 2026
- 2026S4VY: Segment Anything in Feed-Forward 4D Visual Geometry29 Sep 2026
- 2026SMG: Semantic Motion Graph for Monocular Dynamic Gaussian Splatting31 Aug 2026
- 2026Unified Panoramic-Gaussian Representation for Monocular 4D Scene Synthesis2 Jul 2026
- 2026Learning Global Motion with Compact Gaussians for Feed-Forward 4D Reconstruction29 May 2026
- 2026PanopticQuery: Unified Query-Time Reasoning for 4D Scenes7 Apr 2026
- 2026ArtHOI: Articulated Human-Object Interaction Synthesis by 4D Reconstruction from Video Priors4 Mar 2026
- 2025EA3D: Online Open-World 3D Object Extraction from Streaming Videos29 Oct 2025
- 2025Mono4DEditor: Text-Driven 4D Scene Editing from Monocular Video via Point-Level Localization of Language-Embedded Gaussians10 Oct 2025
- 2025MorphoSim: An Interactive, Controllable, and Editable Language-guided 4D World Simulator5 Oct 2025
- 2025VLM4D: Towards Spatiotemporal Awareness in Vision Language Models4 Aug 2025
- 2025SemanticSplat: Feed-Forward 3D Scene Understanding with Language-Aware Gaussian Fields11 Jun 2025
1 more
- 2025SemanticSplat: Feed-Forward 3D Scene Understanding with Language-Aware Gaussian Fieldscited by 14
- 2025EA3D: Online Open-World 3D Object Extraction from Streaming Videoscited by 4
- 2026Learning Global Motion with Compact Gaussians for Feed-Forward 4D Reconstructioncited by 2
- 2025Mono4DEditor: Text-Driven 4D Scene Editing from Monocular Video via Point-Level Localization of Language-Embedded Gaussianscited by 1
- 2026PanopticQuery: Unified Query-Time Reasoning for 4D Scenescited by 1
- 2026Reconstructing the Dynamic World: A Representation-Centric View of 4D Scene Reconstructioncited by 1
- 2026Unified Panoramic-Gaussian Representation for Monocular 4D Scene Synthesiscited by 0
- 2026SMG: Semantic Motion Graph for Monocular Dynamic Gaussian Splattingcited by 0
- 2026S4VY: Segment Anything in Feed-Forward 4D Visual Geometrycited by 0
- 2026Reconstructing the Dynamic World: A Representation-Centric View of 4D Scene Reconstruction30 Sep 2026
- 2026S4VY: Segment Anything in Feed-Forward 4D Visual Geometry29 Sep 2026
- 2026SMG: Semantic Motion Graph for Monocular Dynamic Gaussian Splatting31 Aug 2026
- 2026Unified Panoramic-Gaussian Representation for Monocular 4D Scene Synthesis2 Jul 2026
- 2026Learning Global Motion with Compact Gaussians for Feed-Forward 4D Reconstruction29 May 2026
- 2026PanopticQuery: Unified Query-Time Reasoning for 4D Scenes7 Apr 2026
- 2025EA3D: Online Open-World 3D Object Extraction from Streaming Videos29 Oct 2025
- 2025Mono4DEditor: Text-Driven 4D Scene Editing from Monocular Video via Point-Level Localization of Language-Embedded Gaussians10 Oct 2025
- 2025SemanticSplat: Feed-Forward 3D Scene Understanding with Language-Aware Gaussian Fields11 Jun 2025
Similar, not cited
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- 2026CL4D: Contrastive Language-4D Pretraining for Vision-Language Reasoning in Dynamic Scenes
- 20254D-RGPT: Toward Region-level 4D Understanding via Perceptual Distillation
- 20254D-Bench: Benchmarking Multi-modal Large Language Models for 4D Object Understanding
- 2026Scaling Video Understanding via Compact Latent Multi-Agent Collaboration
- 20254D LangSplat: 4D Language Gaussian Splatting via Multimodal Large Language Models
- 2025Uni4D-LLM: A Unified SpatioTemporal-Aware VLM for 4D Understanding and Generation
- 2025GPT4Scene: Understand 3D Scenes from Videos with Vision-Language Models
- 20264DVLT: Dynamic Scene Understanding with Worldline-Centered Vision-Language Tracking