C4D: 4D Made from 3D through Dual Correspondences
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Abstract (arXiv)
Recovering 4D from monocular video, which jointly estimates dynamic geometry and camera poses, is an inevitably challenging problem. While recent pointmap-based 3D reconstruction methods (e.g., DUSt3R) have made great progress in reconstructing static scenes, directly applying them to dynamic scenes leads to inaccurate results. This discrepancy arises because moving objects violate multi-view geometric constraints, disrupting the reconstruction. To address this, we introduce C4D, a framework that leverages temporal Correspondences to extend existing 3D reconstruction formulation to 4D. Specifically, apart from predicting pointmaps, C4D captures two types of correspondences: short-term optical flow and long-term point tracking. We train a dynamic-aware point tracker that provides additional mobility information, facilitating the estimation of motion masks to separate moving elements from the static background, thus offering more reliable guidance for dynamic scenes. Furthermore, we introduce a set of dynamic scene optimization objectives to recover per-frame 3D geometry and camera parameters. Simultaneously, the correspondences lift 2D trajectories into smooth 3D trajectories, enabling fully integrated 4D reconstruction. Experiments show that our framework achieves complete 4D recovery and demonstrates strong performance across multiple downstream tasks, including depth estimation, camera pose estimation, and point tracking. Project Page: https://littlepure2333.github.io/C4D
Key facts. Cited by 7 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 47 of its 75 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 16 Oct 2025.
Builds on
47 of 75 references.
References · 47
- 2015Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognitioncited by 51,809
- 20233D Gaussian Splatting for Real-Time Radiance Field Renderingcited by 6,141
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- 2024SAM 2: Segment Anything in Images and Videoscited by 2,784
- 2020RAFT: Recurrent All-Pairs Field Transforms for Optical Flowcited by 2,385
- 2023DUSt3R: Geometric 3D Vision Made Easycited by 1,526
- 2024Depth Anything V2cited by 1,385
- 2015FlowNet: Learning Optical Flow with Convolutional Networkscited by 1,054
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- 2017PWC-Net: CNNs for Optical Flow Using Pyramid, Warping, and Cost Volumecited by 966
- 2024Grounding Image Matching in 3D with MASt3Rcited by 960
- 2015A Large Dataset to Train Convolutional Networks for Disparity, Optical Flow, and Scene Flow Estimationcited by 878
35 more
- 2021DROID-SLAM: Deep Visual SLAM for Monocular, Stereo, and RGB-D Camerascited by 673
- 2023CoTracker: It is Better to Track Togethercited by 516
- 2024MonST3R: A Simple Approach for Estimating Geometry in the Presence of Motioncited by 431
- 2022Kubric: A scalable dataset generatorcited by 373
- 2021GMFlow: Learning Optical Flow via Global Matchingcited by 324
- 2023TAPIR: Tracking Any Point with per-frame Initialization and temporal Refinementcited by 281
- 2022TAP-Vid: A Benchmark for Tracking Any Point in a Videocited by 258
- 2024Shape of Motion: 4D Reconstruction from a Single Videocited by 247
- 2022Particle Video Revisited: Tracking Through Occlusions Using Point Trajectoriescited by 215
- 2020Learning to Recover 3D Scene Shape from a Single Imagecited by 214
- 2024DepthCrafter: Generating Consistent Long Depth Sequences for Open-world Videoscited by 202
- 2023Tracking Everything Everywhere All at Oncecited by 190
- 2020Robust Consistent Video Depth Estimationcited by 188
- 2022Deep Patch Visual Odometrycited by 186
- 2019ReFusion: 3D Reconstruction in Dynamic Environments for RGB-D Cameras Exploiting Residualscited by 180
- 2024MoSca: Dynamic Gaussian Fusion from Casual Videos via 4D Motion Scaffoldscited by 177
- 2024SEA-RAFT: Simple, Efficient, Accurate RAFT for Optical Flowcited by 169
- 2022CroCo v2: Improved Cross-view Completion Pre-training for Stereo Matching and Optical Flowcited by 165
- 2024MASt3R-SfM: a Fully-Integrated Solution for Unconstrained Structure-from-Motioncited by 161
- 2024Learning Temporally Consistent Video Depth from Video Diffusion Priorscited by 100
- 2024Dynamic Gaussian Marbles for Novel View Synthesis of Casual Monocular Videoscited by 96
- 2022ParticleSfM: Exploiting Dense Point Trajectories for Localizing Moving Cameras in the Wildcited by 90
- 2025Easi3R: Estimating Disentangled Motion from DUSt3R Without Trainingcited by 88
- 2024Local All-Pair Correspondence for Point Trackingcited by 77
- 2024DreamScene4D: Dynamic Multi-Object Scene Generation from Monocular Videoscited by 63
- 2023MFT: Long-Term Tracking of Every Pixelcited by 61
- 2021Consistent Depth of Moving Objects in Videocited by 56
- 2024LEAP-VO: Long-term Effective Any Point Tracking for Visual Odometrycited by 54
- 2024GFlow: Recovering 4D World from Monocular Videocited by 46
- 2025Dynamic Point Maps: A Versatile Representation for Dynamic 3D Reconstructioncited by 43
- 2024Splatter a Video: Video Gaussian Representation for Versatile Processingcited by 31
- 2024Moving Object Segmentation: All You Need Is SAM (and Flow)cited by 30
- 2025Efficient Gaussian Splatting for Monocular Dynamic Scene Rendering via Sparse Time-Variant Attribute Modelingcited by 12
- 2024D-NPC: Dynamic Neural Point Clouds for Non-Rigid View Synthesis from Monocular Videocited by 11
- 2025D2USt3R: Enhancing 3D Reconstruction for Dynamic Scenescited by 10
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2025: 3; 2026: 4.
7 papers.
- 2025Efficiently Reconstructing Dynamic Scenes One D4RT at a Timecited by 46
- 20254D-VGGT: A General Foundation Model with SpatioTemporal Awareness for Dynamic Scene Geometry Estimationcited by 8
- 2026Dexterous Manipulation Policies from RGB Human Videos via 3D Hand-Object Trajectory Reconstructioncited by 8
- 2026Flow4R: Unifying 4D Reconstruction and Tracking with Scene Flowcited by 8
- 2025Inferring Compositional 4D Scenes without Ever Seeing Onecited by 1
- 2026DynaTok: Token-Based 4D Reconstruction from Partial Point Cloudscited by 0
- 2026Prosthesis-Aware 3D Human Pose Estimation: A Dataset and Benchmark for RSP Userscited by 0
- 2026Prosthesis-Aware 3D Human Pose Estimation: A Dataset and Benchmark for RSP Users16 Sep 2026
- 2026DynaTok: Token-Based 4D Reconstruction from Partial Point Clouds10 Jun 2026
- 2026Flow4R: Unifying 4D Reconstruction and Tracking with Scene Flow15 Feb 2026
- 2026Dexterous Manipulation Policies from RGB Human Videos via 3D Hand-Object Trajectory Reconstruction9 Feb 2026
- 2025Efficiently Reconstructing Dynamic Scenes One D4RT at a Time9 Dec 2025
- 2025Inferring Compositional 4D Scenes without Ever Seeing One4 Dec 2025
- 20254D-VGGT: A General Foundation Model with SpatioTemporal Awareness for Dynamic Scene Geometry Estimation23 Nov 2025