mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

VoxelTrack: Multi-Person 3D Human Pose Estimation and Tracking in the Wild

arXiv 2108.02452 ↗First posted 5 Aug 2021cs.CVcited by 39

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Abstract (arXiv)

We present VoxelTrack for multi-person 3D pose estimation and tracking from a few cameras which are separated by wide baselines. It employs a multi-branch network to jointly estimate 3D poses and re-identification (Re-ID) features for all people in the environment. In contrast to previous efforts which require to establish cross-view correspondence based on noisy 2D pose estimates, it directly estimates and tracks 3D poses from a 3D voxel-based representation constructed from multi-view images. We first discretize the 3D space by regular voxels and compute a feature vector for each voxel by averaging the body joint heatmaps that are inversely projected from all views. We estimate 3D poses from the voxel representation by predicting whether each voxel contains a particular body joint. Similarly, a Re-ID feature is computed for each voxel which is used to track the estimated 3D poses over time. The main advantage of the approach is that it avoids making any hard decisions based on individual images. The approach can robustly estimate and track 3D poses even when people are severely occluded in some cameras. It outperforms the state-of-the-art methods by a large margin on three public datasets including Shelf, Campus and CMU Panoptic.

Key facts. Cited by 39 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 58 of its 96 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 5 Aug 2021.

Builds on

58 of 96 references.

References · 58

  1. 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 59,932
  2. 2014Microsoft COCO: Common Objects in Contextcited by 17,498
  3. 2017Mask R-CNNcited by 7,259
  4. 2018MobileNetV2: Inverted Residuals and Linear Bottleneckscited by 4,773
  5. 2019Deep High-Resolution Representation Learning for Human Pose Estimationcited by 1,339
  6. 2019Objects as Pointscited by 1,172
  7. 2016Realtime Multi-Person 2D Pose Estimation using Part Affinity Fieldscited by 1,061
  8. 2016Stacked Hourglass Networks for Human Pose Estimationcited by 913
  9. 2017Simple Online and Realtime Tracking with a Deep Association Metriccited by 908
  10. 2016Simple Online and Realtime Trackingcited by 862
  11. 2016Performance Measures and a Data Set for Multi-Target, Multi-Camera Trackingcited by 685
  12. 2018Simple Baselines for Human Pose Estimation and Trackingcited by 502
38 more
  1. 2016Monocular 3D Human Pose Estimation In The Wild Using Improved CNN Supervisioncited by 493
  2. 2020FairMOT: On the Fairness of Detection and Re-Identification in Multiple Object Trackingcited by 489
  3. 2017Beyond Part Models: Person Retrieval with Refined Part Pooling (and a Strong Convolutional Baseline)cited by 472
  4. 2017Deep Layer Aggregationcited by 436
  5. 2017A simple yet effective baseline for 3d human pose estimationcited by 401
  6. 2019Tracking without bells and whistlescited by 382
  7. 2017Cascaded Pyramid Network for Multi-Person Pose Estimationcited by 341
  8. 2019Towards Real-Time Multi-Object Trackingcited by 311
  9. 2019HigherHRNet: Scale-Aware Representation Learning for Bottom-Up Human Pose Estimationcited by 247
  10. 2016Associative Embedding: End-to-End Learning for Joint Detection and Groupingcited by 211
  11. 2016Panoptic Studio: A Massively Multiview System for Social Interaction Capturecited by 173
  12. 2018Monocular Total Capture: Posing Face, Body, and Hands in the Wildcited by 162
  13. 2019Learnable Triangulation of Human Posecited by 160
  14. 2017Towards Accurate Multi-person Pose Estimation in the Wildcited by 131
  15. 2014Joint Training of a Convolutional Network and a Graphical Model for Human Pose Estimationcited by 129
  16. 2019PifPaf: Composite Fields for Human Pose Estimationcited by 120
  17. 2015DeepCut: Joint Subset Partition and Labeling for Multi Person Pose Estimationcited by 117
  18. 2017V2V-PoseNet: Voxel-to-Voxel Prediction Network for Accurate 3D Hand and Human Pose Estimation from a Single Depth Mapcited by 102
  19. 2018Real-time Multiple People Tracking with Deeply Learned Candidate Selection and Person Re-Identificationcited by 96
  20. 2019Cross View Fusion for 3D Human Pose Estimationcited by 90
  21. 2018Features for Multi-Target Multi-Camera Tracking and Re-Identificationcited by 88
  22. 2017Pose-driven Deep Convolutional Model for Person Re-identificationcited by 86
  23. 2019Fast and Robust Multi-Person 3D Pose Estimation from Multiple Viewscited by 83
  24. 2018Pose Flow: Efficient Online Pose Trackingcited by 80
  25. 2019Online Multi-Object Tracking with Dual Matching Attention Networkscited by 77
  26. 2017AI Challenger : A Large-scale Dataset for Going Deeper in Image Understandingcited by 73
  27. 2019Rethinking on Multi-Stage Networks for Human Pose Estimationcited by 58
  28. 2017Detect-and-Track: Efficient Pose Estimation in Videoscited by 51
  29. 2017Harvesting Multiple Views for Marker-less 3D Human Pose Annotationscited by 48
  30. 20193D Multi-Object Tracking: A Baseline and New Evaluation Metricscited by 47
  31. 2016PoseTrack: Joint Multi-Person Pose Estimation and Trackingcited by 44
  32. 2017Deep Occlusion Reasoning for Multi-Camera Multi-Target Detectioncited by 42
  33. 2017Deep Multi-camera People Detectioncited by 37
  34. 2021Context Modeling in 3D Human Pose Estimation: A Unified Perspectivecited by 37
  35. 2020Cross-View Tracking for Multi-Human 3D Pose Estimation at over 100 FPScited by 36
  36. 2018Efficient Online Multi-Person 2D Pose Tracking with Recurrent Spatio-Temporal Affinity Fieldscited by 32
  37. 2016ArtTrack: Articulated Multi-person Tracking in the Wildcited by 27
  38. 2015Efficient Decomposition of Image and Mesh Graphs by Lifted Multicutscited by 26

50 most cited of 58 All 58 (JSON)

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2021: 3; 2022: 11; 2023: 11; 2024: 7; 2025: 5; 2026: 2.

39 papers.

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  1. 2021ByteTrack: Multi-Object Tracking by Associating Every Detection Boxcited by 812
  2. 2023EgoHumans: An Egocentric 3D Multi-Human Benchmarkcited by 58
  3. 20233D Human Mesh Estimation from Virtual Markerscited by 44
  4. 2022Faster VoxelPose: Real-time 3D Human Pose Estimation by Orthographic Projectioncited by 39
  5. 2022Scene-aware Egocentric 3D Human Pose Estimationcited by 30
  6. 2021MMPTRACK: Large-scale Densely Annotated Multi-camera Multiple People Tracking Benchmarkcited by 28
  7. 2023TEMPO: Efficient Multi-View Pose Estimation, Tracking, and Forecastingcited by 22
  8. 2024HMD-Poser: On-Device Real-time Human Motion Tracking from Scalable Sparse Observationscited by 22
  9. 2024SelfPose3d: Self-Supervised Multi-Person Multi-View 3d Pose Estimationcited by 21
  10. 2023ByteTrackV2: 2D and 3D Multi-Object Tracking by Associating Every Detection Boxcited by 20
  11. 2023Multiple View Geometry Transformers for 3D Human Pose Estimationcited by 19
  12. 2025WorldPose: A World Cup Dataset for Global 3D Human Pose Estimationcited by 13
27 more
  1. 2024Deep learning for 3D human pose estimation and mesh recovery: A surveycited by 11
  2. 2022VirtualPose: Learning Generalizable 3D Human Pose Models from Virtual Datacited by 10
  3. 2023Correlation Pyramid Network for 3D Single Object Trackingcited by 10
  4. 2024Markerless Multi-view 3D Human Pose Estimation: a surveycited by 9
  5. 2022Robust Multi-Object Tracking by Marginal Inferencecited by 7
  6. 2024AvatarPose: Avatar-guided 3D Pose Estimation of Close Human Interaction from Sparse Multi-view Videoscited by 7
  7. 2022SimpleTrack: Rethinking and Improving the JDE Approach for Multi-Object Trackingcited by 6
  8. 2022Snipper: A Spatiotemporal Transformer for Simultaneous Multi-Person 3D Pose Estimation Tracking and Forecasting on a Video Snippetcited by 6
  9. 2023Human Pose-based Estimation, Tracking and Action Recognition with Deep Learning: A Surveycited by 6
  10. 2022SportsTrack: An Innovative Method for Tracking Athletes in Sports Scenescited by 5
  11. 2023A Unified Multi-view Multi-person Tracking Frameworkcited by 5
  12. 2025MITracker: Multi-View Integration for Visual Object Trackingcited by 5
  13. 2022A survey of top-down approaches for human pose estimationcited by 3
  14. 2022VTP: Volumetric Transformer for Multi-view Multi-person 3D Pose Estimationcited by 3
  15. 2023Multi-View Person Matching and 3D Pose Estimation with Arbitrary Uncalibrated Camera Networkscited by 2
  16. 2024Sports Analysis and VR Viewing System Based on Player Tracking and Pose Estimation with Multimodal and Multiview Sensorscited by 2
  17. 2021Bottom-up approaches for multi-person pose estimation and it's applications: A brief reviewcited by 1
  18. 2022Leveraging Systematic Knowledge of 2D Transformationscited by 1
  19. 2023Intelligent Knee Sleeves: A Real-time Multimodal Dataset for 3D Lower Body Motion Estimation Using Smart Textilecited by 1
  20. 2024A Robust Filter for Marker-less Multi-person Tracking in Human-Robot Interaction Scenarioscited by 1
  21. 2025RocSync: Millisecond-Accurate Temporal Synchronization for Heterogeneous Camera Systemscited by 1
  22. 2025Enhancing Multi-Camera Gymnast Tracking Through Domain Knowledge Integrationcited by 1
  23. 2022VariabilityTrack:Multi-Object Tracking with Variable Speed Object Movementcited by 0
  24. 2023MirrorCalib: Utilizing Human Pose Information for Mirror-based Virtual Camera Calibrationcited by 0
  25. 2025VSE-MOT: Multi-Object Tracking in Low-Quality Video Scenes Guided by Visual Semantic Enhancementcited by 0
  26. 2026VSD-MOT: End-to-End Multi-Object Tracking in Low-Quality Video Scenes Guided by Visual Semantic Distillationcited by 0
  27. 2026Feed-Forward Multi-view Multi-person Reconstruction with Contrastive Human-Aware 3D Representationcited by 0