DeepCut: Joint Subset Partition and Labeling for Multi Person Pose Estimation
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Abstract (arXiv)
This paper considers the task of articulated human pose estimation of multiple people in real world images. We propose an approach that jointly solves the tasks of detection and pose estimation: it infers the number of persons in a scene, identifies occluded body parts, and disambiguates body parts between people in close proximity of each other. This joint formulation is in contrast to previous strategies, that address the problem by first detecting people and subsequently estimating their body pose. We propose a partitioning and labeling formulation of a set of body-part hypotheses generated with CNN-based part detectors. Our formulation, an instance of an integer linear program, implicitly performs non-maximum suppression on the set of part candidates and groups them to form configurations of body parts respecting geometric and appearance constraints. Experiments on four different datasets demonstrate state-of-the-art results for both single person and multi person pose estimation. Models and code available at http://pose.mpi-inf.mpg.de.
Key facts. Cited by 117 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 20 Nov 2015.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 38; 2022: 28; 2023: 25; 2024: 13; 2025: 11; 2026: 2.
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- 2021PARE: Part Attention Regressor for 3D Human Body Estimationcited by 337
- 2022AlphaPose: Whole-Body Regional Multi-Person Pose Estimation and Tracking in Real-Timecited by 200
- 2022Capturing and Inferring Dense Full-Body Human-Scene Contactcited by 180
- 2023RTMPose: Real-Time Multi-Person Pose Estimation based on MMPosecited by 175
- 2021Putting People in their Place: Monocular Regression of 3D People in Depthcited by 142
- 2021Human Pose Regression with Residual Log-likelihood Estimationcited by 131
- 2021Bottom-Up Human Pose Estimation Via Disentangled Keypoint Regressioncited by 112
- 2022YOLO-Pose: Enhancing YOLO for Multi Person Pose Estimation Using Object Keypoint Similarity Losscited by 68
- 2021Learning to Estimate Robust 3D Human Mesh from In-the-Wild Crowded Scenescited by 65
- 2021Focus on Local: Detecting Lane Marker from Bottom Up via Key Pointcited by 65
- 2022ViTPose++: Vision Transformer for Generic Body Pose Estimationcited by 65
- 2021OpenPifPaf: Composite Fields for Semantic Keypoint Detection and Spatio-Temporal Associationcited by 55
38 more
- 2021Recent Advances in Monocular 2D and 3D Human Pose Estimation: A Deep Learning Perspectivecited by 50
- 2021From Synthetic to Real: Unsupervised Domain Adaptation for Animal Pose Estimationcited by 48
- 2022TORE: Token Reduction for Efficient Human Mesh Recovery with Transformercited by 41
- 2021SportsCap: Monocular 3D Human Motion Capture and Fine-grained Understanding in Challenging Sports Videoscited by 40
- 2021VoxelTrack: Multi-Person 3D Human Pose Estimation and Tracking in the Wildcited by 39
- 2021Learning Dynamics via Graph Neural Networks for Human Pose Estimation and Trackingcited by 37
- 2021FCPose: Fully Convolutional Multi-Person Pose Estimation with Dynamic Instance-Aware Convolutionscited by 34
- 2021Lightweight Multi-person Total Motion Capture Using Sparse Multi-view Camerascited by 33
- 2021Multi-Instance Pose Networks: Rethinking Top-Down Pose Estimationcited by 30
- 2021A Hierarchical Spatio-Temporal Graph Convolutional Neural Network for Anomaly Detection in Videoscited by 28
- 2022JRDB-Pose: A Large-scale Dataset for Multi-Person Pose Estimation and Trackingcited by 25
- 2021Shape-aware Multi-Person Pose Estimation from Multi-View Imagescited by 24
- 2022ZoomNAS: Searching for Whole-body Human Pose Estimation in the Wildcited by 23
- 20222D Human Pose Estimation: A Surveycited by 21
- 2021Rethinking Keypoint Representations: Modeling Keypoints and Poses as Objects for Multi-Person Human Pose Estimationcited by 20
- 2021The Center of Attention: Center-Keypoint Grouping via Attention for Multi-Person Pose Estimationcited by 18
- 2023Reconstructing Groups of People with Hypergraph Relational Reasoningcited by 18
- 2022Lite Pose: Efficient Architecture Design for 2D Human Pose Estimationcited by 16
- 2021Subpixel Heatmap Regression for Facial Landmark Localizationcited by 14
- 2022Jointly Harnessing Prior Structures and Temporal Consistency for Sign Language Video Generationcited by 14
- 2021InsPose: Instance-Aware Networks for Single-Stage Multi-Person Pose Estimationcited by 13
- 2022Dual networks based 3D Multi-Person Pose Estimation from Monocular Videocited by 13
- 2023Prior-guided Source-free Domain Adaptation for Human Pose Estimationcited by 13
- 2021mmPose-NLP: A Natural Language Processing Approach to Precise Skeletal Pose Estimation using mmWave Radarscited by 11
- 2022Explicit Occlusion Reasoning for Multi-person 3D Human Pose Estimationcited by 10
- 2021An Adversarial Human Pose Estimation Network Injected with Graph Structurecited by 8
- 2021Keypoint Communitiescited by 8
- 2022Fast and Robust Video-Based Exercise Classification via Body Pose Tracking and Scalable Multivariate Time Series Classifierscited by 8
- 2022Vision-based Human Fall Detection Systems using Deep Learning: A Reviewcited by 7
- 2024AvatarPose: Avatar-guided 3D Pose Estimation of Close Human Interaction from Sparse Multi-view Videoscited by 7
- 2022Snipper: A Spatiotemporal Transformer for Simultaneous Multi-Person 3D Pose Estimation Tracking and Forecasting on a Video Snippetcited by 6
- 2023Human Pose-based Estimation, Tracking and Action Recognition with Deep Learning: A Surveycited by 6
- 2021Learning Anthropometry from Rendered Humanscited by 5
- 2021Capturing Detailed Deformations of Moving Human Bodiescited by 5
- 2021SIMPLE: SIngle-network with Mimicking and Point Learning for Bottom-up Human Pose Estimationcited by 5
- 2022Bottom-Up 2D Pose Estimation via Dual Anatomical Centers for Small-Scale Personscited by 5
- 2023Human Body Pose Estimation for Gait Identification: A Comprehensive Survey of Datasets and Modelscited by 5
- 2023M3Act: Learning from Synthetic Human Group Activitiescited by 5
50 most cited of 117 All 117 (JSON)
- 2026Beyond the Survey: A Systematic Empirical Study of Detection and Association in Visual MOT14 Sep 2026
- 2026SARS: A Novel Face and Body Shape and Appearance Aware 3D Reconstruction System extends Morphable Models10 Feb 2026
- 2025A Coarse-to-Fine Human Pose Estimation Method based on Two-stage Distillation and Progressive Graph Neural Network15 Aug 2025
- 2025DiffPose-Animal: A Language-Conditioned Diffusion Framework for Animal Pose Estimation12 Aug 2025
- 2025From Sharp to Blur: Unsupervised Domain Adaptation for 2D Human Pose Estimation Under Extreme Motion Blur Using Event Cameras30 Jul 2025
- 2025MAMMA: Markerless & Automatic Multi-Person Motion Action Capture16 Jun 2025
- 2025Keypoints as Dynamic Centroids for Unified Human Pose and Segmentation17 May 2025
- 2025VISUALCENT: Visual Human Analysis using Dynamic Centroid Representation26 Apr 2025
- 2025Leveraging Synthetic Adult Datasets for Unsupervised Infant Pose Estimation8 Apr 2025
- 2025ForcePose: A Deep Learning Approach for Force Calculation Based on Action Recognition Using MediaPipe Pose Estimation Combined with Object Detection28 Mar 2025
- 2025TrackID3x3: A Dataset and Algorithm for Multi-Player Tracking with Identification and Pose Estimation in 3x3 Basketball Full-court Videos24 Mar 2025
- 2025Animating the Uncaptured: Humanoid Mesh Animation with Video Diffusion Models20 Mar 2025
38 more
- 2025STEP: Simultaneous Tracking and Estimation of Pose for Animals and Humans17 Mar 2025
- 2024EasyVis2: A Real Time Multi-view 3D Visualization System for Laparoscopic Surgery Training Enhanced by a Deep Neural Network YOLOv8-Pose21 Dec 2024
- 2024Enhanced Multi-Object Tracking Using Pose-based Virtual Markers in 3x3 Basketball9 Dec 2024
- 2024Motion Diffusion-Guided 3D Global HMR from a Dynamic Camera15 Nov 2024
- 2024Occluded Human Pose Estimation based on Limb Joint Augmentation13 Oct 2024
- 2024AvatarPose: Avatar-guided 3D Pose Estimation of Close Human Interaction from Sparse Multi-view Videos4 Aug 2024
- 2024Human Modelling and Pose Estimation Overview27 Jun 2024
- 2024Social-MAE: Social Masked Autoencoder for Multi-person Motion Representation Learning8 Apr 2024
- 2024Personalized 3D Human Pose and Shape Refinement18 Mar 2024
- 2024Automating Catheterization Labs with Real-Time Perception9 Mar 2024
- 2024Self-supervised 3D Patient Modeling with Multi-modal Attentive Fusion5 Mar 2024
- 2024NToP: NeRF-Powered Large-scale Dataset Generation for 2D and 3D Human Pose Estimation in Top-View Fisheye Images28 Feb 2024
- 2024DRSI-Net: Dual-Residual Spatial Interaction Network for Multi-Person Pose Estimation26 Feb 2024
- 2024Group Activity Recognition using Unreliable Tracked Pose6 Jan 2024
- 2023Computer Vision for Carriers: PATRIOT27 Nov 2023
- 2023HEViTPose: High-Efficiency Vision Transformer for Human Pose Estimation22 Nov 2023
- 2023Spatial Attention-based Distribution Integration Network for Human Pose Estimation9 Nov 2023
- 2023Hand Gesture Classification on Praxis Dataset: Trading Accuracy for Expense1 Nov 2023
- 2023Improving Multi-Person Pose Tracking with A Confidence Network29 Oct 2023
- 2023Human Pose-based Estimation, Tracking and Action Recognition with Deep Learning: A Survey19 Oct 2023
- 2023Reconstructing 3D Human Pose from RGB-D Data with Occlusions2 Oct 2023
- 2023Sparse and Privacy-enhanced Representation for Human Pose Estimation18 Sep 2023
- 2023Reconstructing Groups of People with Hypergraph Relational Reasoning30 Aug 2023
- 2023Prior-guided Source-free Domain Adaptation for Human Pose Estimation26 Aug 2023
- 2023MovePose: A High-performance Human Pose Estimation Algorithm on Mobile and Edge Devices17 Aug 2023
- 2023LAMP: Leveraging Language Prompts for Multi-person Pose Estimation21 Jul 2023
- 2023M3Act: Learning from Synthetic Human Group Activities29 Jun 2023
- 2023Error Estimation for Single-Image Human Body Mesh Reconstruction26 May 2023
- 2023Deakin RF-Sensing: Experiments on Correlated Knowledge Distillation for Monitoring Human Postures with Radios24 May 2023
- 2023Assessment of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Risk Based on Human Key Points Detection Algorithm24 May 2023
- 2023Human Body Pose Estimation for Gait Identification: A Comprehensive Survey of Datasets and Models23 May 2023
- 2023Hybrid model for Single-Stage Multi-Person Pose Estimation2 May 2023
- 2023Novel View Synthesis of Humans using Differentiable Rendering28 Mar 2023
- 2023RTMPose: Real-Time Multi-Person Pose Estimation based on MMPose13 Mar 2023
- 2023E3Pose: Energy-Efficient Edge-assisted Multi-camera System for Multi-human 3D Pose Estimation21 Jan 2023
- 2023A Survey of Advanced Computer Vision Techniques for Sports18 Jan 2023
- 2023CNN-Based Action Recognition and Pose Estimation for Classifying Animal Behavior from Videos: A Survey15 Jan 2023
- 2023Towards High Performance One-Stage Human Pose Estimation12 Jan 2023
50 newest of 117 All 117 (JSON)
- 2021PARE: Part Attention Regressor for 3D Human Body Estimationcited by 337
- 2022AlphaPose: Whole-Body Regional Multi-Person Pose Estimation and Tracking in Real-Timecited by 200
- 2022Capturing and Inferring Dense Full-Body Human-Scene Contactcited by 180
- 2023RTMPose: Real-Time Multi-Person Pose Estimation based on MMPosecited by 175
- 2021Putting People in their Place: Monocular Regression of 3D People in Depthcited by 142
- 2021Human Pose Regression with Residual Log-likelihood Estimationcited by 131
- 2021Bottom-Up Human Pose Estimation Via Disentangled Keypoint Regressioncited by 112
- 2022YOLO-Pose: Enhancing YOLO for Multi Person Pose Estimation Using Object Keypoint Similarity Losscited by 68
- 2021Learning to Estimate Robust 3D Human Mesh from In-the-Wild Crowded Scenescited by 65
- 2021Focus on Local: Detecting Lane Marker from Bottom Up via Key Pointcited by 65
- 2022ViTPose++: Vision Transformer for Generic Body Pose Estimationcited by 65
- 2021OpenPifPaf: Composite Fields for Semantic Keypoint Detection and Spatio-Temporal Associationcited by 55
12 most cited of 114 All 114 (JSON)
- 2026Beyond the Survey: A Systematic Empirical Study of Detection and Association in Visual MOT14 Sep 2026
- 2026SARS: A Novel Face and Body Shape and Appearance Aware 3D Reconstruction System extends Morphable Models10 Feb 2026
- 2025DiffPose-Animal: A Language-Conditioned Diffusion Framework for Animal Pose Estimation12 Aug 2025
- 2025From Sharp to Blur: Unsupervised Domain Adaptation for 2D Human Pose Estimation Under Extreme Motion Blur Using Event Cameras30 Jul 2025
- 2025MAMMA: Markerless & Automatic Multi-Person Motion Action Capture16 Jun 2025
- 2025Keypoints as Dynamic Centroids for Unified Human Pose and Segmentation17 May 2025
- 2025VISUALCENT: Visual Human Analysis using Dynamic Centroid Representation26 Apr 2025
- 2025Leveraging Synthetic Adult Datasets for Unsupervised Infant Pose Estimation8 Apr 2025
- 2025ForcePose: A Deep Learning Approach for Force Calculation Based on Action Recognition Using MediaPipe Pose Estimation Combined with Object Detection28 Mar 2025
- 2025TrackID3x3: A Dataset and Algorithm for Multi-Player Tracking with Identification and Pose Estimation in 3x3 Basketball Full-court Videos24 Mar 2025
- 2025STEP: Simultaneous Tracking and Estimation of Pose for Animals and Humans17 Mar 2025
- 2024EasyVis2: A Real Time Multi-view 3D Visualization System for Laparoscopic Surgery Training Enhanced by a Deep Neural Network YOLOv8-Pose21 Dec 2024
12 newest of 114 All 114 (JSON)