mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

DiffPose: Toward More Reliable 3D Pose Estimation

arXiv 2211.16940 ↗First posted 30 Nov 2022cs.CVcited by 99

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Cited by 38 in Diffusion models, but placed by its own abstract, which didn’t fit.

Abstract (arXiv)

Monocular 3D human pose estimation is quite challenging due to the inherent ambiguity and occlusion, which often lead to high uncertainty and indeterminacy. On the other hand, diffusion models have recently emerged as an effective tool for generating high-quality images from noise. Inspired by their capability, we explore a novel pose estimation framework (DiffPose) that formulates 3D pose estimation as a reverse diffusion process. We incorporate novel designs into our DiffPose to facilitate the diffusion process for 3D pose estimation: a pose-specific initialization of pose uncertainty distributions, a Gaussian Mixture Model-based forward diffusion process, and a context-conditioned reverse diffusion process. Our proposed DiffPose significantly outperforms existing methods on the widely used pose estimation benchmarks Human3.6M and MPI-INF-3DHP. Project page: https://gongjia0208.github.io/Diffpose/.

Key facts. Cited by 99 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 46 of its 69 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 30 Nov 2022.

Builds on

46 of 69 references.

References · 46

  1. 2014Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimizationcited by 36,960
  2. 2020Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 20,851
  3. 2021High-Resolution Image Synthesis with Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 18,694
  4. 2020Denoising Diffusion Implicit Modelscited by 9,655
  5. 2015Deep Unsupervised Learning using Nonequilibrium Thermodynamicscited by 7,005
  6. 2019Generative Modeling by Estimating Gradients of the Data Distributioncited by 4,067
  7. 2021Improved Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 3,736
  8. 2021Structured Denoising Diffusion Models in Discrete State-Spacescited by 1,665
  9. 2022RePaint: Inpainting using Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 1,419
  10. 2018Spatial Temporal Graph Convolutional Networks for Skeleton-Based Action Recognitioncited by 1,199
  11. 2022Diffusion-LM Improves Controllable Text Generationcited by 1,006
  12. 2016Monocular 3D Human Pose Estimation In The Wild Using Improved CNN Supervisioncited by 493
34 more
  1. 2017A simple yet effective baseline for 3d human pose estimationcited by 401
  2. 20183D human pose estimation in video with temporal convolutions and semi-supervised trainingcited by 401
  3. 2017Cascaded Pyramid Network for Multi-Person Pose Estimationcited by 341
  4. 20213D Human Pose Estimation with Spatial and Temporal Transformerscited by 271
  5. 2017Integral Human Pose Regressioncited by 255
  6. 2016Coarse-to-Fine Volumetric Prediction for Single-Image 3D Human Posecited by 220
  7. 2019Semantic Graph Convolutional Networks for 3D Human Pose Regressioncited by 204
  8. 2022Stochastic Trajectory Prediction via Motion Indeterminacy Diffusioncited by 184
  9. 2022MixSTE: Seq2seq Mixed Spatio-Temporal Encoder for 3D Human Pose Estimation in Videocited by 158
  10. 2021MHFormer: Multi-Hypothesis Transformer for 3D Human Pose Estimationcited by 151
  11. 2016Spatio-Temporal LSTM with Trust Gates for 3D Human Action Recognitioncited by 142
  12. 2017Compositional Human Pose Regressioncited by 124
  13. 2020SRNet: Improving Generalization in 3D Human Pose Estimation with a Split-and-Recombine Approachcited by 94
  14. 2021Graph Stacked Hourglass Networks for 3D Human Pose Estimationcited by 94
  15. 2019Generating Multiple Hypotheses for 3D Human Pose Estimation with Mixture Density Networkcited by 92
  16. 2017Exploiting temporal information for 3D pose estimationcited by 89
  17. 20183D Human Pose Estimation in the Wild by Adversarial Learningcited by 86
  18. 2020Motion Guided 3D Pose Estimation from Videoscited by 85
  19. 2022P-STMO: Pre-Trained Spatial Temporal Many-to-One Model for 3D Human Pose Estimationcited by 80
  20. 2019Monocular 3D Human Pose Estimation by Generation and Ordinal Rankingcited by 76
  21. 2019LiteEval: A Coarse-to-Fine Framework for Resource Efficient Video Recognitioncited by 65
  22. 2021Conditional Directed Graph Convolution for 3D Human Pose Estimationcited by 52
  23. 2019HEMlets Pose: Learning Part-Centric Heatmap Triplets for Accurate 3D Human Pose Estimationcited by 50
  24. 2021Non Gaussian Denoising Diffusion Modelscited by 43
  25. 2021Context Modeling in 3D Human Pose Estimation: A Unified Perspectivecited by 37
  26. 2021Skip-Convolutions for Efficient Video Processingcited by 32
  27. 2019Trajectory Space Factorization for Deep Video-Based 3D Human Pose Estimationcited by 30
  28. 2021Multi-Instance Pose Networks: Rethinking Top-Down Pose Estimationcited by 30
  29. 20163D Human Pose Estimation Using Convolutional Neural Networks with 2D Pose Informationcited by 28
  30. 2021Improving Robustness and Accuracy via Relative Information Encoding in 3D Human Pose Estimationcited by 18
  31. 2021Low-resolution Human Pose Estimationcited by 10
  32. 2022ERA: Expert Retrieval and Assembly for Early Action Predictioncited by 9
  33. 2022FS-BAN: Born-Again Networks for Domain Generalization Few-Shot Classificationcited by 9
  34. 2020A Multi-modal Machine Learning Approach and Toolkit to Automate Recognition of Early Stages of Dementia among British Sign Language Userscited by 8

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2023: 21; 2024: 38; 2025: 27; 2026: 13.

99 papers.

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  1. 2024ZigMa: A DiT-style Zigzag Mamba Diffusion Modelcited by 84
  2. 2023Diffusion-Based 3D Human Pose Estimation with Multi-Hypothesis Aggregationcited by 81
  3. 2024RoHM: Robust Human Motion Reconstruction via Diffusioncited by 46
  4. 2025Boosting Generative Image Modeling via Joint Image-Feature Synthesiscited by 42
  5. 2024KTPFormer: Kinematics and Trajectory Prior Knowledge-Enhanced Transformer for 3D Human Pose Estimationcited by 33
  6. 2023Egocentric Whole-Body Motion Capture with FisheyeViT and Diffusion-Based Motion Refinementcited by 31
  7. 2023DiffusionPoser: Real-time Human Motion Reconstruction From Arbitrary Sparse Sensors Using Autoregressive Diffusioncited by 29
  8. 2024Multi-agent Long-term 3D Human Pose Forecasting via Interaction-aware Trajectory Conditioningcited by 29
  9. 2023Diffusion-based Image Translation with Label Guidance for Domain Adaptive Semantic Segmentationcited by 27
  10. 2023Distribution-Aligned Diffusion for Human Mesh Recoverycited by 27
  11. 2023DiffCR: A Fast Conditional Diffusion Framework for Cloud Removal from Optical Satellite Imagescited by 26
  12. 2024HMD^2: Environment-aware Motion Generation from Single Egocentric Head-Mounted Devicecited by 26
38 more
  1. 2023AI-Generated Content (AIGC) for Various Data Modalities: A Surveycited by 25
  2. 2024HO-Cap: A Capture System and Dataset for 3D Reconstruction and Pose Tracking of Hand-Object Interactioncited by 25
  3. 2023Back to Optimization: Diffusion-based Zero-Shot 3D Human Pose Estimationcited by 24
  4. 20236D-Diff: A Keypoint Diffusion Framework for 6D Object Pose Estimationcited by 24
  5. 2024Diff-Tracker: Text-to-Image Diffusion Models are Unsupervised Trackerscited by 24
  6. 2024FinePOSE: Fine-Grained Prompt-Driven 3D Human Pose Estimation via Diffusion Modelscited by 23
  7. 2024Diffusion Model is a Good Pose Estimator from 3D RF-Visioncited by 21
  8. 2023Exploring Incompatible Knowledge Transfer in Few-shot Image Generationcited by 19
  9. 2024Closely Interactive Human Reconstruction with Proxemics and Physics-Guided Adaptioncited by 18
  10. 2025Diff9D: Diffusion-Based Domain-Generalized Category-Level 9-DoF Object Pose Estimationcited by 16
  11. 2025Ouroboros: Single-step Diffusion Models for Cycle-consistent Forward and Inverse Renderingcited by 16
  12. 2024MacDiff: Unified Skeleton Modeling with Masked Conditional Diffusioncited by 15
  13. 2023Generative Approach for Probabilistic Human Mesh Recovery using Diffusion Modelscited by 14
  14. 2024HHMR: Holistic Hand Mesh Recovery by Enhancing the Multimodal Controllability of Graph Diffusion Modelscited by 14
  15. 2025REWIND: Real-Time Egocentric Whole-Body Motion Diffusion with Exemplar-Based Identity Conditioningcited by 14
  16. 2024DiffHuman: Probabilistic Photorealistic 3D Reconstruction of Humanscited by 13
  17. 2025InteractAnything: Zero-shot Human Object Interaction Synthesis via LLM Feedback and Object Affordance Parsingcited by 13
  18. 2024HandDiff: 3D Hand Pose Estimation with Diffusion on Image-Point Cloudcited by 12
  19. 2024Action Detection via an Image Diffusion Processcited by 11
  20. 2024EgoCast: Forecasting Egocentric Human Pose in the Wildcited by 11
  21. 2024EnvPoser: Environment-aware Realistic Human Motion Estimation from Sparse Observations with Uncertainty Modelingcited by 11
  22. 2023DiffHPE: Robust, Coherent 3D Human Pose Lifting with Diffusioncited by 9
  23. 2023Guided Diffusion from Self-Supervised Diffusion Featurescited by 9
  24. 2024Bridging the Skeleton-Text Modality Gap: Diffusion-Powered Modality Alignment for Zero-shot Skeleton-based Action Recognitioncited by 9
  25. 2025HiPART: Hierarchical Pose AutoRegressive Transformer for Occluded 3D Human Pose Estimationcited by 8
  26. 2025Visual Prompting for One-shot Controllable Video Editing without Inversioncited by 8
  27. 2023DiffHand: End-to-End Hand Mesh Reconstruction via Diffusion Modelscited by 7
  28. 2023Revisiting Cephalometric Landmark Detection from the view of Human Pose Estimation with Lightweight Super-Resolution Headcited by 6
  29. 2023Human Pose-based Estimation, Tracking and Action Recognition with Deep Learning: A Surveycited by 6
  30. 2023ManiPose: Manifold-Constrained Multi-Hypothesis 3D Human Pose Estimationcited by 6
  31. 2024Bidirectional Progressive Transformer for Interaction Intention Anticipationcited by 6
  32. 2025DiSRT-In-Bed: Diffusion-Based Sim-to-Real Transfer Framework for In-Bed Human Mesh Recoverycited by 6
  33. 2023Learning Structure-Guided Diffusion Model for 2D Human Pose Estimationcited by 5
  34. 2024Multi-view Pose Fusion for Occlusion-Aware 3D Human Pose Estimationcited by 5
  35. 2024Multi-hypotheses Conditioned Point Cloud Diffusion for 3D Human Reconstruction from Occluded Imagescited by 5
  36. 2025Towards Robust and Realistic Human Pose Estimation via WiFi Signalscited by 5
  37. 2025H2OT: Hierarchical Hourglass Tokenizer for Efficient Video Pose Transformerscited by 5
  38. 2023Token Boosting for Robust Self-Supervised Visual Transformer Pre-trainingcited by 4

50 most cited of 99 All 99 (JSON)

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  1. 2022DiffPose: Multi-hypothesis Human Pose Estimation using Diffusion models
  2. 2023DiffPose: SpatioTemporal Diffusion Model for Video-Based Human Pose Estimation
  3. 2024D3PRefiner: A Diffusion-based Denoise Method for 3D Human Pose Refinement
  4. 2022DiffuPose: Monocular 3D Human Pose Estimation via Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Model
  5. 2022A generic diffusion-based approach for 3D human pose prediction in the wild
  6. 2023DPoser: Diffusion Model as Robust 3D Human Pose Prior
  7. 2024Disentangled Diffusion-Based 3D Human Pose Estimation with Hierarchical Spatial and Temporal Denoiser
  8. 2024Object Pose Estimation via the Aggregation of Diffusion Features