mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Graph Stacked Hourglass Networks for 3D Human Pose Estimation

arXiv 2103.16385 ↗First posted 30 Mar 2021cs.CVcited by 94

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Abstract (arXiv)

In this paper, we propose a novel graph convolutional network architecture, Graph Stacked Hourglass Networks, for 2D-to-3D human pose estimation tasks. The proposed architecture consists of repeated encoder-decoder, in which graph-structured features are processed across three different scales of human skeletal representations. This multi-scale architecture enables the model to learn both local and global feature representations, which are critical for 3D human pose estimation. We also introduce a multi-level feature learning approach using different-depth intermediate features and show the performance improvements that result from exploiting multi-scale, multi-level feature representations. Extensive experiments are conducted to validate our approach, and the results show that our model outperforms the state-of-the-art.

Key facts. Cited by 94 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 35 of its 51 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 30 Mar 2021.

Builds on

35 of 51 references.

References · 35

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  10. 2019Deep High-Resolution Representation Learning for Human Pose Estimationcited by 1,339
  11. 2018Spatial Temporal Graph Convolutional Networks for Skeleton-Based Action Recognitioncited by 1,199
  12. 2016Stacked Hourglass Networks for Human Pose Estimationcited by 913
23 more
  1. 2016Monocular 3D Human Pose Estimation In The Wild Using Improved CNN Supervisioncited by 493
  2. 2019Graph U-Netscited by 489
  3. 2019Self-Attention Graph Poolingcited by 421
  4. 2017A simple yet effective baseline for 3d human pose estimationcited by 401
  5. 20183D human pose estimation in video with temporal convolutions and semi-supervised trainingcited by 401
  6. 2017Cascaded Pyramid Network for Multi-Person Pose Estimationcited by 341
  7. 2018Generating 3D faces using Convolutional Mesh Autoencoderscited by 267
  8. 2019Actional-Structural Graph Convolutional Networks for Skeleton-based Action Recognitioncited by 228
  9. 2016Coarse-to-Fine Volumetric Prediction for Single-Image 3D Human Posecited by 220
  10. 2016Associative Embedding: End-to-End Learning for Joint Detection and Groupingcited by 211
  11. 2019Semantic Graph Convolutional Networks for 3D Human Pose Regressioncited by 204
  12. 2017Compositional Human Pose Regressioncited by 124
  13. 2017Towards 3D Human Pose Estimation in the Wild: a Weakly-supervised Approachcited by 114
  14. 2018Ordinal Depth Supervision for 3D Human Pose Estimationcited by 107
  15. 20183D Human Pose Estimation in the Wild by Adversarial Learningcited by 86
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  17. 2018M2Det: A Single-Shot Object Detector based on Multi-Level Feature Pyramid Networkcited by 76
  18. 2019Monocular 3D Human Pose Estimation by Generation and Ordinal Rankingcited by 76
  19. 2014DeepEdge: A Multi-Scale Bifurcated Deep Network for Top-Down Contour Detectioncited by 50
  20. 2019HEMlets Pose: Learning Part-Centric Heatmap Triplets for Accurate 3D Human Pose Estimationcited by 50
  21. 2016Structured Prediction of 3D Human Pose with Deep Neural Networkscited by 43
  22. 2018OriNet: A Fully Convolutional Network for 3D Human Pose Estimationcited by 28
  23. 2019Video Motion Capture from the Part Confidence Maps of Multi-Camera Images by Spatiotemporal Filtering Using the Human Skeletal Modelcited by 2

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2021: 8; 2022: 19; 2023: 23; 2024: 26; 2025: 14; 2026: 4.

94 papers.

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  1. 2022MotionBERT: A Unified Perspective on Learning Human Motion Representationscited by 188
  2. 2022MixSTE: Seq2seq Mixed Spatio-Temporal Encoder for 3D Human Pose Estimation in Videocited by 158
  3. 2021MHFormer: Multi-Hypothesis Transformer for 3D Human Pose Estimationcited by 151
  4. 2022DiffPose: Toward More Reliable 3D Pose Estimationcited by 99
  5. 2023MotionAGFormer: Enhancing 3D Human Pose Estimation with a Transformer-GCNFormer Networkcited by 62
  6. 2022GFPose: Learning 3D Human Pose Prior with Gradient Fieldscited by 57
  7. 2023GLA-GCN: Global-local Adaptive Graph Convolutional Network for 3D Human Pose Estimation from Monocular Videocited by 46
  8. 2023Human Pose as Compositional Tokenscited by 45
  9. 2024KTPFormer: Kinematics and Trajectory Prior Knowledge-Enhanced Transformer for 3D Human Pose Estimationcited by 33
  10. 2022DiffuPose: Monocular 3D Human Pose Estimation via Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Modelcited by 29
  11. 2024FinePOSE: Fine-Grained Prompt-Driven 3D Human Pose Estimation via Diffusion Modelscited by 23
  12. 2022GraphMLP: A Graph MLP-Like Architecture for 3D Human Pose Estimationcited by 21
38 more
  1. 2022CTCNet: A CNN-Transformer Cooperation Network for Face Image Super-Resolutioncited by 19
  2. 2023Pose-Oriented Transformer with Uncertainty-Guided Refinement for 2D-to-3D Human Pose Estimationcited by 19
  3. 2021Weakly-supervised 3D Human Pose Estimation with Cross-view U-shaped Graph Convolutional Networkcited by 13
  4. 2021Hierarchical Graph Networks for 3D Human Pose Estimationcited by 11
  5. 2022CrossFormer: Cross Spatio-Temporal Transformer for 3D Human Pose Estimationcited by 11
  6. 2023A Single 2D Pose with Context is Worth Hundreds for 3D Human Pose Estimationcited by 11
  7. 2021Adversarial Bone Length Attack on Action Recognitioncited by 10
  8. 2021GraFormer: Graph Convolution Transformer for 3D Pose Estimationcited by 10
  9. 2022Jointformer: Single-Frame Lifting Transformer with Error Prediction and Refinement for 3D Human Pose Estimationcited by 10
  10. 2023HSTFormer: Hierarchical Spatial-Temporal Transformers for 3D Human Pose Estimationcited by 9
  11. 2023DiffHPE: Robust, Coherent 3D Human Pose Lifting with Diffusioncited by 9
  12. 2025HiPART: Hierarchical Pose AutoRegressive Transformer for Occluded 3D Human Pose Estimationcited by 8
  13. 2023HopFIR: Hop-wise GraphFormer with Intragroup Joint Refinement for 3D Human Pose Estimationcited by 7
  14. 2023TransPose: 6D Object Pose Estimation with Geometry-Aware Transformercited by 7
  15. 20223D Human Pose Estimation Using M"obius Graph Convolutional Networkscited by 6
  16. 2022Snipper: A Spatiotemporal Transformer for Simultaneous Multi-Person 3D Pose Estimation Tracking and Forecasting on a Video Snippetcited by 6
  17. 2023HTNet: Human Topology Aware Network for 3D Human Pose Estimationcited by 6
  18. 2023View Consistency Aware Holistic Triangulation for 3D Human Pose Estimationcited by 6
  19. 2023Human Pose-based Estimation, Tracking and Action Recognition with Deep Learning: A Surveycited by 6
  20. 2023ManiPose: Manifold-Constrained Multi-Hypothesis 3D Human Pose Estimationcited by 6
  21. 2023Lifting by Image -- Leveraging Image Cues for Accurate 3D Human Pose Estimationcited by 6
  22. 2022Retinal Structure Detection in OCTA Image via Voting-based Multi-task Learningcited by 5
  23. 2024KITRO: Refining Human Mesh by 2D Clues and Kinematic-tree Rotationcited by 5
  24. 2024GTA-Net: An IoT-Integrated 3D Human Pose Estimation System for Real-Time Adolescent Sports Posture Correctioncited by 5
  25. 2025MoFM: A Large-Scale Human Motion Foundation Modelcited by 5
  26. 2025OpenFace 3.0: A Lightweight Multitask System for Comprehensive Facial Behavior Analysiscited by 5
  27. 2021PoseKernelLifter: Metric Lifting of 3D Human Pose using Soundcited by 4
  28. 2022Self-Constrained Inference Optimization on Structural Groups for Human Pose Estimationcited by 4
  29. 2023Token Boosting for Robust Self-Supervised Visual Transformer Pre-trainingcited by 4
  30. 2023Double-chain Constraints for 3D Human Pose Estimation in Images and Videoscited by 4
  31. 2024Multi-Scale Spatio-Temporal Graph Convolutional Network for Facial Expression Spottingcited by 4
  32. 2024CHAMP: Conformalized 3D Human Multi-Hypothesis Pose Estimatorscited by 4
  33. 2024Benchmarking Reliability of Deep Learning Models for Pathological Gait Classificationcited by 4
  34. 2024VascX Models: Model Ensembles for Retinal Vascular Analysis from Color Fundus Imagescited by 4
  35. 2023Occlusion Robust 3D Human Pose Estimation with StridedPoseGraphFormer and Data Augmentationcited by 3
  36. 2024Occlusion Handling in 3D Human Pose Estimation with Perturbed Positional Encodingcited by 3
  37. 2024SpotFormer: Multi-Scale Spatio-Temporal Transformer for Facial Expression Spottingcited by 3
  38. 2025A Structure-aware and Motion-adaptive Framework for 3D Human Pose Estimation with Mambacited by 3

50 most cited of 94 All 94 (JSON)