CF3: Compact and Fast 3D Feature Fields
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Abstract (arXiv)
3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) has begun incorporating rich information from 2D foundation models. However, most approaches rely on a bottom-up optimization process that treats raw 2D features as ground truth, incurring increased computational costs. We propose a top-down pipeline for constructing compact and fast 3D Gaussian feature fields, namely, CF3. We first perform a fast weighted fusion of multi-view 2D features with pre-trained Gaussians. This approach enables training a per-Gaussian autoencoder directly on the lifted features, instead of training autoencoders in the 2D domain. As a result, the autoencoder better aligns with the feature distribution. More importantly, we introduce an adaptive sparsification method that optimizes the Gaussian attributes of the feature field while pruning and merging the redundant Gaussians, constructing an efficient representation with preserved geometric details. Our approach achieves a competitive 3D feature field using as little as 5% of the Gaussians compared to Feature-3DGS.
Key facts. Cited by 11 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 50 of its 57 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 7 Aug 2025.
Builds on
50 of 57 references.
References · 50
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- 2023Segment Anythingcited by 8,234
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- 2021Scaling Open-Vocabulary Image Segmentation with Image-Level Labelscited by 473
38 more
- 2023LightGaussian: Unbounded 3D Gaussian Compression with 15x Reduction and 200+ FPScited by 436
- 2021In-Place Scene Labelling and Understanding with Implicit Scene Representationcited by 415
- 2023LangSplat: 3D Language Gaussian Splattingcited by 415
- 2022Decomposing NeRF for Editing via Feature Field Distillationcited by 371
- 2023Feature 3DGS: Supercharging 3D Gaussian Splatting to Enable Distilled Feature Fieldscited by 364
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- 2023Compressed 3D Gaussian Splatting for Accelerated Novel View Synthesiscited by 239
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- 20243D Gaussian Splatting as Markov Chain Monte Carlocited by 217
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- 2023Language Embedded 3D Gaussians for Open-Vocabulary Scene Understandingcited by 208
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- 2022Neural Feature Fusion Fields: 3D Distillation of Self-Supervised 2D Image Representationscited by 196
- 2023EAGLES: Efficient Accelerated 3D Gaussians with Lightweight EncodingScited by 196
- 2024Probing the 3D Awareness of Visual Foundation Modelscited by 177
- 2022Panoptic Lifting for 3D Scene Understanding with Neural Fieldscited by 174
- 2022Panoptic NeRF: 3D-to-2D Label Transfer for Panoptic Urban Scene Segmentationcited by 152
- 2023Compact 3D Scene Representation via Self-Organizing Gaussian Gridscited by 151
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- 2023Weakly Supervised 3D Open-vocabulary Segmentationcited by 135
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Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2025: 1; 2026: 10.
11 papers.
- 2025C3G: Learning Compact 3D Representations with 2K Gaussianscited by 21
- 2026ReLaGS: Relational Language Gaussian Splattingcited by 6
- 2026Sparse Code Uplifting for Efficient 3D Language Gaussian Splattingcited by 2
- 2026EmbodiedSplat: Online Feed-Forward Semantic 3DGS for Open-Vocabulary 3D Scene Understandingcited by 1
- 2026Relation-Centric Open-Vocabulary 3D Gaussian Segmentationcited by 1
- 2026CoSAG: Compact Semantic Anchor Gaussians via Training-Free Rate-Distortion Codingcited by 1
- 2026Language and Geometry Grounded Sparse Voxel Representations for Holistic Scene Understandingcited by 0
- 2026NRGS: Neural Regularization for Robust 3D Semantic Gaussian Splattingcited by 0
- 2026Consistent Scene Understanding in 3D Gaussian Splatting via Multi-Cue Mask Refinementcited by 0
- 2026Query Rewriting for Complex Object Segmentation in 4D Gaussian Representationscited by 0
- 2026LangStreet: Persistent Language Fields for Anchor-Decoded Street Gaussianscited by 0
- 2026LangStreet: Persistent Language Fields for Anchor-Decoded Street Gaussians10 Sep 2026
- 2026Query Rewriting for Complex Object Segmentation in 4D Gaussian Representations2 Sep 2026
- 2026CoSAG: Compact Semantic Anchor Gaussians via Training-Free Rate-Distortion Coding11 Jul 2026
- 2026Consistent Scene Understanding in 3D Gaussian Splatting via Multi-Cue Mask Refinement2 Jul 2026
- 2026Relation-Centric Open-Vocabulary 3D Gaussian Segmentation1 Jul 2026
- 2026Sparse Code Uplifting for Efficient 3D Language Gaussian Splatting13 May 2026
- 2026NRGS: Neural Regularization for Robust 3D Semantic Gaussian Splatting24 Apr 2026
- 2026ReLaGS: Relational Language Gaussian Splatting18 Mar 2026
- 2026EmbodiedSplat: Online Feed-Forward Semantic 3DGS for Open-Vocabulary 3D Scene Understanding4 Mar 2026
- 2026Language and Geometry Grounded Sparse Voxel Representations for Holistic Scene Understanding17 Feb 2026
- 2025C3G: Learning Compact 3D Representations with 2K Gaussians3 Dec 2025