VeriReason: Reinforcement Learning with Testbench Feedback for Reasoning-Enhanced Verilog Generation
On the map: LLM reasoning → Reasoning for agents, planning and code
Abstract (arXiv)
Automating Register Transfer Level (RTL) code generation using Large Language Models (LLMs) offers substantial promise for streamlining digital circuit design and reducing human effort. However, current LLM-based approaches face significant challenges with training data scarcity, poor specification-code alignment, lack of verification mechanisms, and balancing generalization with specialization. Inspired by DeepSeek-R1, we introduce VeriReason, a framework integrating supervised fine-tuning with Guided Reward Proximal Optimization (GRPO) reinforcement learning for RTL generation. Using curated training examples and a feedback-driven reward model, VeriReason combines testbench evaluations with structural heuristics while embedding self-checking capabilities for autonomous error correction. On the VerilogEval Benchmark, VeriReason delivers significant improvements: achieving 83.1% functional correctness on the VerilogEval Machine benchmark, substantially outperforming both comparable-sized models and much larger commercial systems like GPT-4 Turbo. Additionally, our approach demonstrates up to a 2.8X increase in first-attempt functional correctness compared to baseline methods and exhibits robust generalization to unseen designs. To our knowledge, VeriReason represents the first system to successfully integrate explicit reasoning capabilities with reinforcement learning for Verilog generation, establishing a new state-of-the-art for automated RTL synthesis. The models and datasets are available at: https://huggingface.co/collections/AI4EDA-CASE Code is Available at: https://github.com/NellyW8/VeriReason
Key facts. Cited by 16 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Reasoning for agents, planning and code, one of 17 directions in LLM reasoning. Builds on 21 of its 24 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 17 May 2025.
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- 2022Training language models to follow instructions with human feedbackcited by 15,712
- 2017Proximal Policy Optimization Algorithmscited by 14,441
- 2022Chain-of-Thought Prompting Elicits Reasoning in Large Language Modelscited by 12,302
- 2024DeepSeekMath: Pushing the Limits of Mathematical Reasoning in Open Language Modelscited by 8,851
- 2021Evaluating Large Language Models Trained on Codecited by 8,053
- 2025Logic-RL: Unleashing LLM Reasoning with Rule-Based Reinforcement Learningcited by 260
- 2023VerilogEval: Evaluating Large Language Models for Verilog Code Generationcited by 246
- 2023VeriGen: A Large Language Model for Verilog Code Generationcited by 197
- 2023ChipNeMo: Domain-Adapted LLMs for Chip Designcited by 168
- 2023RTLLM: An Open-Source Benchmark for Design RTL Generation with Large Language Modelcited by 143
- 2023Chip-Chat: Challenges and Opportunities in Conversational Hardware Designcited by 136
- 2025Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards: GRPO's Effective Loss, Dynamics, and Success Amplificationcited by 108
8 more
- 2023ChipGPT: How far are we from natural language hardware designcited by 101
- 2024BetterV: Controlled Verilog Generation with Discriminative Guidancecited by 99
- 2023RTLFixer: Automatically Fixing RTL Syntax Errors with Large Language Modelscited by 98
- 2023GPT4AIGChip: Towards Next-Generation AI Accelerator Design Automation via Large Language Modelscited by 59
- 2020DAVE: Deriving Automatically Verilog from Englishcited by 46
- 2023LLM4EDA: Emerging Progress in Large Language Models for Electronic Design Automationcited by 40
- 2025HaVen: Hallucination-Mitigated LLM for Verilog Code Generation Aligned with HDL Engineerscited by 24
- 2024Large Language Model for Verilog Generation with Code-Structure-Guided Reinforcement Learningcited by 15
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Citing papers per year: 2025: 5; 2026: 11.
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- 2025A Survey of Reinforcement Learning for Large Reasoning Modelscited by 175
- 2025MCP4EDA: LLM-Powered Model Context Protocol RTL-to-GDSII Automation with Backend Aware Synthesis Optimizationcited by 9
- 2025Large Language Model for Verilog Code Generation: Literature Review and the Road Aheadcited by 7
- 2026EvolVE: Evolutionary Search for LLM-based Verilog Generation and Optimizationcited by 7
- 2026LLM4Cov: Execution-Aware Agentic Learning for High-coverage Testbench Generationcited by 4
- 2026SiliconMind-V1: Multi-Agent Distillation and Debug-Reasoning Workflows for Verilog Code Generationcited by 4
- 2026InCoder-32B-Thinking: Industrial Code World Model for Thinkingcited by 4
- 2026COEVO: Co-Evolutionary Framework for Joint Functional Correctness and PPA Optimization in LLM-Based RTL Generationcited by 3
- 2025EARL: Entropy-Aware RL Alignment of LLMs for Reliable RTL Code Generationcited by 2
- 2025QiMeng-CRUX: Narrowing the Gap Between Natural Language and Verilog via Core Refined Understanding eXpression for Circuit Designcited by 1
- 2026QiMeng-ChipV-RTL: Exploiting Information Locality for IP-level Verilog Generationcited by 1
- 2026VeriInteresting: An Empirical Study of Model Prompt Interactions in Verilog Code Generationcited by 1
4 more
- 2026GUIDE: GenAI Units In Digital Design Educationcited by 1
- 2026ChipMATE: Multi-Agent Training via Reinforcement Learning for Enhanced RTL Generationcited by 1
- 2026Exploring LLM-based Verilog Code Generation with Data-Efficient Fine-Tuning and Testbench Automationcited by 0
- 2026CovR: Coverage-Aware Hardware Verification via Reasoning-Guided Reinforcement Learningcited by 0
- 2026CovR: Coverage-Aware Hardware Verification via Reasoning-Guided Reinforcement Learning15 Sep 2026
- 2026ChipMATE: Multi-Agent Training via Reinforcement Learning for Enhanced RTL Generation13 May 2026
- 2026Exploring LLM-based Verilog Code Generation with Data-Efficient Fine-Tuning and Testbench Automation16 Apr 2026
- 2026COEVO: Co-Evolutionary Framework for Joint Functional Correctness and PPA Optimization in LLM-Based RTL Generation16 Apr 2026
- 2026InCoder-32B-Thinking: Industrial Code World Model for Thinking3 Apr 2026
- 2026GUIDE: GenAI Units In Digital Design Education18 Mar 2026
- 2026LLM4Cov: Execution-Aware Agentic Learning for High-coverage Testbench Generation18 Feb 2026
- 2026SiliconMind-V1: Multi-Agent Distillation and Debug-Reasoning Workflows for Verilog Code Generation10 Feb 2026
- 2026VeriInteresting: An Empirical Study of Model Prompt Interactions in Verilog Code Generation4 Feb 2026
- 2026QiMeng-ChipV-RTL: Exploiting Information Locality for IP-level Verilog Generation31 Jan 2026
- 2026EvolVE: Evolutionary Search for LLM-based Verilog Generation and Optimization26 Jan 2026
- 2025QiMeng-CRUX: Narrowing the Gap Between Natural Language and Verilog via Core Refined Understanding eXpression for Circuit Design25 Nov 2025
4 more
- 2025EARL: Entropy-Aware RL Alignment of LLMs for Reliable RTL Code Generation15 Nov 2025
- 2025Large Language Model for Verilog Code Generation: Literature Review and the Road Ahead29 Oct 2025
- 2025A Survey of Reinforcement Learning for Large Reasoning Models10 Sep 2025
- 2025MCP4EDA: LLM-Powered Model Context Protocol RTL-to-GDSII Automation with Backend Aware Synthesis Optimization25 Jul 2025
- 2025A Survey of Reinforcement Learning for Large Reasoning Modelscited by 175
- 2026SiliconMind-V1: Multi-Agent Distillation and Debug-Reasoning Workflows for Verilog Code Generationcited by 4
- 2026InCoder-32B-Thinking: Industrial Code World Model for Thinkingcited by 4
- 2026CovR: Coverage-Aware Hardware Verification via Reasoning-Guided Reinforcement Learningcited by 0
- 2026CovR: Coverage-Aware Hardware Verification via Reasoning-Guided Reinforcement Learning15 Sep 2026
- 2026InCoder-32B-Thinking: Industrial Code World Model for Thinking3 Apr 2026
- 2026SiliconMind-V1: Multi-Agent Distillation and Debug-Reasoning Workflows for Verilog Code Generation10 Feb 2026
- 2025A Survey of Reinforcement Learning for Large Reasoning Models10 Sep 2025
- 2025MCP4EDA: LLM-Powered Model Context Protocol RTL-to-GDSII Automation with Backend Aware Synthesis Optimizationcited by 9
- 2026LLM4Cov: Execution-Aware Agentic Learning for High-coverage Testbench Generationcited by 4
- 2026ChipMATE: Multi-Agent Training via Reinforcement Learning for Enhanced RTL Generationcited by 1
- 2026ChipMATE: Multi-Agent Training via Reinforcement Learning for Enhanced RTL Generation13 May 2026
- 2026LLM4Cov: Execution-Aware Agentic Learning for High-coverage Testbench Generation18 Feb 2026
- 2025MCP4EDA: LLM-Powered Model Context Protocol RTL-to-GDSII Automation with Backend Aware Synthesis Optimization25 Jul 2025
- 2025Large Language Model for Verilog Code Generation: Literature Review and the Road Aheadcited by 7
- 2026EvolVE: Evolutionary Search for LLM-based Verilog Generation and Optimizationcited by 7
- 2026COEVO: Co-Evolutionary Framework for Joint Functional Correctness and PPA Optimization in LLM-Based RTL Generationcited by 3
- 2025EARL: Entropy-Aware RL Alignment of LLMs for Reliable RTL Code Generationcited by 2
- 2025QiMeng-CRUX: Narrowing the Gap Between Natural Language and Verilog via Core Refined Understanding eXpression for Circuit Designcited by 1
- 2026QiMeng-ChipV-RTL: Exploiting Information Locality for IP-level Verilog Generationcited by 1
- 2026VeriInteresting: An Empirical Study of Model Prompt Interactions in Verilog Code Generationcited by 1
- 2026GUIDE: GenAI Units In Digital Design Educationcited by 1
- 2026Exploring LLM-based Verilog Code Generation with Data-Efficient Fine-Tuning and Testbench Automationcited by 0
- 2026Exploring LLM-based Verilog Code Generation with Data-Efficient Fine-Tuning and Testbench Automation16 Apr 2026
- 2026COEVO: Co-Evolutionary Framework for Joint Functional Correctness and PPA Optimization in LLM-Based RTL Generation16 Apr 2026
- 2026GUIDE: GenAI Units In Digital Design Education18 Mar 2026
- 2026VeriInteresting: An Empirical Study of Model Prompt Interactions in Verilog Code Generation4 Feb 2026
- 2026QiMeng-ChipV-RTL: Exploiting Information Locality for IP-level Verilog Generation31 Jan 2026
- 2026EvolVE: Evolutionary Search for LLM-based Verilog Generation and Optimization26 Jan 2026
- 2025QiMeng-CRUX: Narrowing the Gap Between Natural Language and Verilog via Core Refined Understanding eXpression for Circuit Design25 Nov 2025
- 2025EARL: Entropy-Aware RL Alignment of LLMs for Reliable RTL Code Generation15 Nov 2025
- 2025Large Language Model for Verilog Code Generation: Literature Review and the Road Ahead29 Oct 2025
Similar, not cited
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- 2025QiMeng-CodeV-R1: Reasoning-Enhanced Verilog Generation
- 2026GRPO with State Mutations: Improving LLM-Based Hardware Test Plan Generation
- 2026Automating Formal Verification with Reinforcement Learning and Recursive Inference
- 2025QiMeng-SALV: Signal-Aware Learning for Verilog Code Generation
- 2025VerIF: Verification Engineering for Reinforcement Learning in Instruction Following
- 2025Rethinking Verification for LLM Code Generation: From Generation to Testing