Dynamic Point Maps: A Versatile Representation for Dynamic 3D Reconstruction
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Abstract (arXiv)
DUSt3R has recently shown that one can reduce many tasks in multi-view geometry, including estimating camera intrinsics and extrinsics, reconstructing the scene in 3D, and establishing image correspondences, to the prediction of a pair of viewpoint-invariant point maps, i.e., pixel-aligned point clouds defined in a common reference frame. This formulation is elegant and powerful, but unable to tackle dynamic scenes. To address this challenge, we introduce the concept of Dynamic Point Maps (DPM), extending standard point maps to support 4D tasks such as motion segmentation, scene flow estimation, 3D object tracking, and 2D correspondence. Our key intuition is that, when time is introduced, there are several possible spatial and time references that can be used to define the point maps. We identify a minimal subset of such combinations that can be regressed by a network to solve the sub tasks mentioned above. We train a DPM predictor on a mixture of synthetic and real data and evaluate it across diverse benchmarks for video depth prediction, dynamic point cloud reconstruction, 3D scene flow and object pose tracking, achieving state-of-the-art performance. Code, models and additional results are available at https://www.robots.ox.ac.uk/~vgg/research/dynamic-point-maps/.
Key facts. Cited by 44 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 56 of its 81 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 20 Mar 2025.
Builds on
56 of 81 references.
References · 56
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38 more
- 2017PWC-Net: CNNs for Optical Flow Using Pyramid, Warping, and Cost Volumecited by 968
- 2016FlowNet 2.0: Evolution of Optical Flow Estimation with Deep Networkscited by 784
- 2023Deformable 3D Gaussians for High-Fidelity Monocular Dynamic Scene Reconstructioncited by 759
- 2020Neural Scene Flow Fields for Space-Time View Synthesis of Dynamic Scenescited by 751
- 2021DROID-SLAM: Deep Visual SLAM for Monocular, Stereo, and RGB-D Camerascited by 687
- 2023LightGlue: Local Feature Matching at Light Speedcited by 590
- 2025Continuous 3D Perception Model with Persistent Statecited by 548
- 2023CoTracker: It is Better to Track Togethercited by 522
- 2019Normalized Object Coordinate Space for Category-Level 6D Object Pose and Size Estimationcited by 495
- 2023Real-time Photorealistic Dynamic Scene Representation and Rendering with 4D Gaussian Splattingcited by 476
- 2024MonST3R: A Simple Approach for Estimating Geometry in the Presence of Motioncited by 442
- 2021Dynamic View Synthesis from Dynamic Monocular Videocited by 420
- 2020Space-time Neural Irradiance Fields for Free-Viewpoint Videocited by 414
- 2022Kubric: A scalable dataset generatorcited by 381
- 2021GMFlow: Learning Optical Flow via Global Matchingcited by 327
- 2020DISK: Learning local features with policy gradientcited by 312
- 2016LIFT: Learned Invariant Feature Transformcited by 306
- 2022FlowFormer: A Transformer Architecture for Optical Flowcited by 275
- 2020Neural Radiance Flow for 4D View Synthesis and Video Processingcited by 270
- 2024Shape of Motion: 4D Reconstruction from a Single Videocited by 250
- 2023Visual Geometry Grounded Deep Structure From Motioncited by 227
- 2021Learning to Estimate Hidden Motions with Global Motion Aggregationcited by 224
- 2022DynIBaR: Neural Dynamic Image-Based Renderingcited by 224
- 2016DeMoN: Depth and Motion Network for Learning Monocular Stereocited by 201
- 2018DeepV2D: Video to Depth with Differentiable Structure from Motioncited by 185
- 2021COTR: Correspondence Transformer for Matching Across Imagescited by 183
- 2024SpatialTracker: Tracking Any 2D Pixels in 3D Spacecited by 181
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- 2020RAFT-3D: Scene Flow using Rigid-Motion Embeddingscited by 122
- 2023FlowFormer++: Masked Cost Volume Autoencoding for Pretraining Optical Flow Estimationcited by 114
- 2024Dynamic Gaussian Marbles for Novel View Synthesis of Casual Monocular Videoscited by 97
- 2021Learning to Match Features with Seeded Graph Matching Networkcited by 92
- 2024Stereo4D: Learning How Things Move in 3D from Internet Stereo Videoscited by 89
- 2021Neural Trajectory Fields for Dynamic Novel View Synthesiscited by 86
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- 2019DeepSFM: Structure From Motion Via Deep Bundle Adjustmentcited by 70
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50 most cited of 56 All 56 (JSON)
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Citing papers per year: 2025: 16; 2026: 28.
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- 2025Efficiently Reconstructing Dynamic Scenes One D4RT at a Timecited by 54
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- 2025MoVieS: Motion-Aware 4D Dynamic View Synthesis in One Secondcited by 35
- 2025Any4D: Unified Feed-Forward Metric 4D Reconstructioncited by 35
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- 2026MoSE3: Learning World-Space SE(3) at Every Pixelcited by 0
- 2026MoSE3: Learning World-Space SE(3) at Every Pixel2 Oct 2026
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- 2026TrackEverything: Long Horizon Dense Tracking via De-Duplicating 3D Scene Representations24 Sep 2026
- 2026PASTEL: Panoramic Alignment for Monocular 4D Scene Reconstruction5 Sep 2026
- 2026UniQuery4R: Unified 4D Scene Reconstruction from a Single Query18 Aug 2026
- 2026Beyond Pixels: From Video Priors to 4D Worlds11 Aug 2026
- 2026OmniX: Any-view and Any-time 4D Reconstruction via Feed-forward Trajectory Fields12 Jul 2026
- 2026DynaTok: Token-Based 4D Reconstruction from Partial Point Clouds10 Jun 2026
- 2026Good Token Hunting: A Hitchhiker's Guide to Token Selection for Visual Geometry Transformers22 May 2026
- 2026LongDPM: Overlap-Aware 4D Reconstruction from Long Monocular Videos17 May 2026
- 2026VGGT-Omega14 May 2026
- 2026Syn4D: A Multiview Synthetic 4D Dataset6 May 2026
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- 2026LingBot-Map: Geometric Context Transformer for Streaming 3D Reconstruction15 Apr 2026
- 2026Complet4R: Geometric Complete 4D Reconstruction28 Mar 2026
- 2026OccAny: Generalized Unconstrained Urban 3D Occupancy24 Mar 2026
- 2026RayMap3R: Inference-Time RayMap for Dynamic 3D Reconstruction21 Mar 2026
- 2026MoRe: Motion-aware Feed-forward 4D Reconstruction Transformer5 Mar 2026
- 2026NOVA3R: Non-pixel-aligned Visual Transformer for Amodal 3D Reconstruction4 Mar 2026
- 2026Phys4D: Fine-Grained Physics-Consistent 4D Modeling from Video Diffusion3 Mar 2026
- 2026UFO-4D: Unposed Feedforward 4D Reconstruction from Two Images27 Feb 2026
- 2026Flow4R: Unifying 4D Reconstruction and Tracking with Scene Flow15 Feb 2026
- 20264RC: 4D Reconstruction via Conditional Querying Anytime and Anywhere10 Feb 2026
- 2026MotionCrafter: Dense Geometry and Motion Reconstruction with a 4D VAE9 Feb 2026
- 2026EVolSplat4D: Efficient Volume-based Gaussian Splatting for 4D Urban Scene Synthesis22 Jan 2026
- 2026V-DPM: 4D Video Reconstruction with Dynamic Point Maps14 Jan 2026
- 2026CogniMap3D: Cognitive 3D Mapping and Rapid Retrieval13 Jan 2026
- 2026Mesh4D: 4D Mesh Reconstruction and Tracking from Monocular Video8 Jan 2026
- 20254D Primitive-Mach'e: Glueing Primitives for Persistent 4D Scene Reconstruction18 Dec 2025
- 2025Any4D: Unified Feed-Forward Metric 4D Reconstruction11 Dec 2025
- 2025Efficiently Reconstructing Dynamic Scenes One D4RT at a Time9 Dec 2025
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- 20254D-VGGT: A General Foundation Model with SpatioTemporal Awareness for Dynamic Scene Geometry Estimation23 Nov 2025
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- 2025Trace Anything: Representing Any Video in 4D via Trajectory Fields15 Oct 2025
- 2025ViPE: Video Pose Engine for 3D Geometric Perception12 Aug 2025
- 2025Mem4D: Decoupling Static and Dynamic Memory for Dynamic Scene Reconstruction11 Aug 2025
- 2025DELTAv2: Accelerating Dense 3D Tracking2 Aug 2025
- 2025Reconstructing 4D Spatial Intelligence: A Survey28 Jul 2025
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- 2025Back on Track: Bundle Adjustment for Dynamic Scene Reconstruction20 Apr 2025
- 2025ViPE: Video Pose Engine for 3D Geometric Perceptioncited by 170
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- 2025MoVieS: Motion-Aware 4D Dynamic View Synthesis in One Secondcited by 35
- 2025Any4D: Unified Feed-Forward Metric 4D Reconstructioncited by 35
- 2026V-DPM: 4D Video Reconstruction with Dynamic Point Mapscited by 34
- 2025Trace Anything: Representing Any Video in 4D via Trajectory Fieldscited by 33
- 2026VGGT-Omegacited by 26
- 2025Back on Track: Bundle Adjustment for Dynamic Scene Reconstructioncited by 24
- 20264RC: 4D Reconstruction via Conditional Querying Anytime and Anywherecited by 22
- 2025Reconstructing 4D Spatial Intelligence: A Surveycited by 14
- 2026Mesh4D: 4D Mesh Reconstruction and Tracking from Monocular Videocited by 12
12 most cited of 42 All 42 (JSON)
- 2026MoSE3: Learning World-Space SE(3) at Every Pixel2 Oct 2026
- 2026ARROW: Arbitrary Reconstruction and Tracking of 4D Observations in the Wild1 Oct 2026
- 2026TrackEverything: Long Horizon Dense Tracking via De-Duplicating 3D Scene Representations24 Sep 2026
- 2026PASTEL: Panoramic Alignment for Monocular 4D Scene Reconstruction5 Sep 2026
- 2026UniQuery4R: Unified 4D Scene Reconstruction from a Single Query18 Aug 2026
- 2026Beyond Pixels: From Video Priors to 4D Worlds11 Aug 2026
- 2026DynaTok: Token-Based 4D Reconstruction from Partial Point Clouds10 Jun 2026
- 2026Good Token Hunting: A Hitchhiker's Guide to Token Selection for Visual Geometry Transformers22 May 2026
- 2026LongDPM: Overlap-Aware 4D Reconstruction from Long Monocular Videos17 May 2026
- 2026VGGT-Omega14 May 2026
- 2026Syn4D: A Multiview Synthetic 4D Dataset6 May 2026
- 2026Face Anything: 4D Face Reconstruction from Any Image Sequence21 Apr 2026
12 newest of 42 All 42 (JSON)