Efficiently Reconstructing Dynamic Scenes One D4RT at a Time
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
Understanding and reconstructing the complex geometry and motion of dynamic scenes from video remains a formidable challenge in computer vision. This paper introduces D4RT, a simple yet powerful feedforward model designed to efficiently solve this task. D4RT utilizes a unified transformer architecture to jointly infer depth, spatio-temporal correspondence, and full camera parameters from a single video. Its core innovation is a novel querying mechanism that sidesteps the heavy computation of dense, per-frame decoding and the complexity of managing multiple, task-specific decoders. Our decoding interface allows the model to independently and flexibly probe the 3D position of any point in space and time. The result is a lightweight and highly scalable method that enables remarkably efficient training and inference. We demonstrate that our approach sets a new state of the art, outperforming previous methods across a wide spectrum of 4D reconstruction tasks. We refer to the project webpage for animated results: https://d4rt-paper.github.io/.
Key facts. Cited by 54 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 48 of its 62 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 9 Dec 2025.
Builds on
48 of 62 references.
References · 48
- 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 60,361
- 2014Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimizationcited by 37,240
- 2020An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at Scalecited by 30,186
- 2017ScanNet: Richly-annotated 3D Reconstructions of Indoor Scenescited by 3,117
- 2019Scalability in Perception for Autonomous Driving: Waymo Open Datasetcited by 2,451
- 2017What Uncertainties Do We Need in Bayesian Deep Learning for Computer Vision?cited by 2,352
- 2021Vision Transformers for Dense Predictioncited by 1,803
- 2023DUSt3R: Geometric 3D Vision Made Easycited by 1,567
- 2025VGGT: Visual Geometry Grounded Transformercited by 1,539
- 2014Depth Map Prediction from a Single Image using a Multi-Scale Deep Networkcited by 1,274
- 2023ScanNet++: A High-Fidelity Dataset of 3D Indoor Scenescited by 764
- 2021Common Objects in 3D: Large-Scale Learning and Evaluation of Real-life 3D Category Reconstructioncited by 652
36 more
- 2025Continuous 3D Perception Model with Persistent Statecited by 548
- 2023VideoMAE V2: Scaling Video Masked Autoencoders with Dual Maskingcited by 528
- 2020TartanAir: A Dataset to Push the Limits of Visual SLAMcited by 506
- 2019BlendedMVS: A Large-scale Dataset for Generalized Multi-view Stereo Networkscited by 490
- 2024MonST3R: A Simple Approach for Estimating Geometry in the Presence of Motioncited by 442
- 2022Kubric: A scalable dataset generatorcited by 381
- 2025Fast3R: Towards 3D Reconstruction of 1000+ Images in One Forward Passcited by 367
- 2016Virtual Worlds as Proxy for Multi-Object Tracking Analysiscited by 341
- 2025π3: Permutation-Equivariant Visual Geometry Learningcited by 319
- 2025MapAnything: Universal Feed-Forward Metric 3D Reconstructioncited by 314
- 2023TAPIR: Tracking Any Point with per-frame Initialization and temporal Refinementcited by 287
- 2018DeepMVS: Learning Multi-view Stereopsiscited by 277
- 2023PointOdyssey: A Large-Scale Synthetic Dataset for Long-Term Point Trackingcited by 276
- 2022TAP-Vid: A Benchmark for Tracking Any Point in a Videocited by 263
- 2024MegaSaM: Accurate, Fast, and Robust Structure and Motion from Casual Dynamic Videoscited by 228
- 2021Scene Representation Transformer: Geometry-Free Novel View Synthesis Through Set-Latent Scene Representationscited by 227
- 2022Particle Video Revisited: Tracking Through Occlusions Using Point Trajectoriescited by 217
- 2019ReFusion: 3D Reconstruction in Dynamic Environments for RGB-D Cameras Exploiting Residualscited by 181
- 2024SpatialTracker: Tracking Any 2D Pixels in 3D Spacecited by 181
- 2025UniDepthV2: Universal Monocular Metric Depth Estimation Made Simplercited by 173
- 2023DynamicStereo: Consistent Dynamic Depth from Stereo Videoscited by 148
- 2025VGGT-Long: Chunk it, Loop it, Align it -- Pushing VGGT's Limits on Kilometer-scale Long RGB Sequencescited by 115
- 2025Easi3R: Estimating Disentangled Motion from DUSt3R Without Trainingcited by 91
- 2025St4RTrack: Simultaneous 4D Reconstruction and Tracking in the Worldcited by 89
- 2024Align3R: Aligned Monocular Depth Estimation for Dynamic Videoscited by 79
- 2024TAPVid-3D: A Benchmark for Tracking Any Point in 3Dcited by 72
- 2025Geo4D: Leveraging Video Generators for Geometric 4D Scene Reconstructioncited by 67
- 2024DELTA: Dense Efficient Long-range 3D Tracking for any videocited by 65
- 2023Dense Optical Tracking: Connecting the Dotscited by 61
- 2025AllTracker: Efficient Dense Point Tracking at High Resolutioncited by 58
- 2025Dynamic Point Maps: A Versatile Representation for Dynamic 3D Reconstructioncited by 44
- 2022RUST: Latent Neural Scene Representations from Unposed Imagerycited by 43
- 2025TAPNext: Tracking Any Point (TAP) as Next Token Predictioncited by 37
- 2024SharpDepth: Sharpening Metric Depth Predictions Using Diffusion Distillationcited by 21
- 2025L4P: Towards Unified Low-Level 4D Vision Perceptioncited by 12
- 2025C4D: 4D Made from 3D through Dual Correspondencescited by 8
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2025: 1; 2026: 53.
54 papers.
Sort:
By area:
- 2026Image Generators are Generalist Vision Learnerscited by 43
- 2026VGGT-Omegacited by 26
- 20264RC: 4D Reconstruction via Conditional Querying Anytime and Anywherecited by 22
- 2026Video Generation Models are General-Purpose Vision Learnerscited by 14
- 2025In Pursuit of Pixel Supervision for Visual Pre-trainingcited by 13
- 2026Track4World: Feedforward World-centric Dense 3D Tracking of All Pixelscited by 13
- 2026Flow4R: Unifying 4D Reconstruction and Tracking with Scene Flowcited by 8
- 2026RecGen3D: Reconstruction-Guided 3D Generation in a Shared Canonical Spacecited by 5
- 2026SM4RT: Learning Structured Motion Geometry for 4D Reconstructioncited by 5
- 2026OmniStream: Mastering Perception, Reconstruction and Action in Continuous Streamscited by 4
- 2026Syn4D: A Multiview Synthetic 4D Datasetcited by 4
- 2026OmniX: Any-view and Any-time 4D Reconstruction via Feed-forward Trajectory Fieldscited by 4
38 more
- 2026SynthVerse: A Large-Scale Diverse Synthetic Dataset for Point Trackingcited by 3
- 2026PAS3R: Pose-Adaptive Streaming 3D Reconstruction for Long Video Sequencescited by 2
- 2026LSRM: High-Fidelity Object-Centric Reconstruction via Scaled Context Windowscited by 2
- 2026Lift4D: Harmonizing Single-View 3D Estimation for 4D Reconstruction In-the-Wildcited by 2
- 20264DGS-WAM: Bridging Past and Future with an Object-Centric World Action Model based on 4D Gaussian Splattingcited by 2
- 2026Surflo: Consistent 3D Surface Flow Model with Global Statecited by 1
- 2026Gen4U: Unifying Video Generation and Understanding via Diffusioncited by 1
- 2026SeeSE3: Emergence of 3D Space in Vision Featurescited by 1
- 2026UniQuery4R: Unified 4D Scene Reconstruction from a Single Querycited by 1
- 2026TAPVid-MV: A Benchmark for Tracking Any Point in 3D Across Multiple Viewscited by 1
- 2026Point4D: Long-range 4D Motion Reconstructioncited by 1
- 2026AgentSTAR: Agentic Shape Tracking and Reconstruction from Monocular Videoscited by 1
- 2026ReFlow: Self-correction Motion Learning for Dynamic Scene Reconstructioncited by 0
- 2026QueST: Persistent Queries as Semantic Monitors for Drift Suppression in Long-Horizon Trackingcited by 0
- 2026LongDPM: Overlap-Aware 4D Reconstruction from Long Monocular Videoscited by 0
- 2026DynaTok: Token-Based 4D Reconstruction from Partial Point Cloudscited by 0
- 2026HAT-4D: Lifting Monocular Video for 4D Multi-Object Interactions via Human-Agent Collaborationcited by 0
- 2026Geometry Beats Estimated Depth: RGB-Only Multi-Camera 3D Tracking under Sim2Realcited by 0
- 2026Marrying Optimal Transport and ODEs for Unified Continuous-Time 4D Reconstruction and Trackingcited by 0
- 2026Beyond Pixels: From Video Priors to 4D Worldscited by 0
- 2026USR-Drive: Unified Driving Scene Representation via Joint Denoising of 3D Gaussians and Boxescited by 0
- 2026FlashRender: Few-Step Generative Rendering via Camera-Controlled Video MeanFlowcited by 0
- 2026Scal3R: Learning Efficient Multi-Relative Pose Query for Scalable Online 3D Reconstructioncited by 0
- 2026Joint-Conditioned Stereo Surface Reasoning for Interaction Field Estimationcited by 0
- 2026FFVO: A Feedforward Pose Decoder for Long-Horizon Visual Odometrycited by 0
- 2026Racing in Volume with Flow Ensemblescited by 0
- 2026GeoLAM: Learning Geometry-Grounded Latent Actions from Unlabeled Human Videoscited by 0
- 2026Prosthesis-Aware 3D Human Pose Estimation: A Dataset and Benchmark for RSP Userscited by 0
- 2026GrapeSplat: Geometry-Grounded Reconstruction via Amalgamated Pose-Free Encoding for Feed-Forward 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 0
- 2026TrackEverything: Long Horizon Dense Tracking via De-Duplicating 3D Scene Representationscited by 0
- 2026GAUGE: Group-Wise View-Inconsistency Rectification for Feed-Forward 4D Trackingcited by 0
- 2026World SLAM Model: Joint World Modeling for SLAM and Navigationcited by 0
- 2026PhysWAM: Physically Consistent World Action Model for Autonomous Drivingcited by 0
- 2026ARROW: Arbitrary Reconstruction and Tracking of 4D Observations in the Wildcited by 0
- 2026SCOPE-4D: Endoscopic 4D Geometry Foundation Modelscited by 0
- 2026LoGo: Local-Global Rewards for Consistent Long-Horizon Video Generationcited by 0
- 2026Less Decoder is More Encoder: Geometric Representation Learning from Novel View Synthesiscited by 0
- 2026DistScene: Object-to-Scene Distillation for 3D Scene Generationcited by 0
50 most cited of 54 All 54 (JSON)
- 20264LC: 4D Latent Cache for Efficient Conditioning in Dynamic World Modeling13 Oct 2026
- 2026JtT: Rethinking Point Trajectory Diffusion for Diverse and Rigid Motion from an Image12 Oct 2026
- 2026ScenePlacer: Reformulating Scene-Level Object Pose Estimation as Visibility Field Learning11 Oct 2026
- 2026Slot3R: Set-Associative Spatial Memory for Streaming 3D Reconstruction8 Oct 2026
- 2026DistScene: Object-to-Scene Distillation for 3D Scene Generation3 Oct 2026
- 2026Less Decoder is More Encoder: Geometric Representation Learning from Novel View Synthesis2 Oct 2026
- 2026LoGo: Local-Global Rewards for Consistent Long-Horizon Video Generation2 Oct 2026
- 2026SCOPE-4D: Endoscopic 4D Geometry Foundation Models1 Oct 2026
- 2026ARROW: Arbitrary Reconstruction and Tracking of 4D Observations in the Wild1 Oct 2026
- 2026PhysWAM: Physically Consistent World Action Model for Autonomous Driving29 Sep 2026
- 2026World SLAM Model: Joint World Modeling for SLAM and Navigation26 Sep 2026
- 2026GAUGE: Group-Wise View-Inconsistency Rectification for Feed-Forward 4D Tracking26 Sep 2026
38 more
- 2026TrackEverything: Long Horizon Dense Tracking via De-Duplicating 3D Scene Representations24 Sep 2026
- 2026AgentSTAR: Agentic Shape Tracking and Reconstruction from Monocular Videos21 Sep 2026
- 2026GrapeSplat: Geometry-Grounded Reconstruction via Amalgamated Pose-Free Encoding for Feed-Forward 3D Gaussian Splatting19 Sep 2026
- 2026Prosthesis-Aware 3D Human Pose Estimation: A Dataset and Benchmark for RSP Users16 Sep 2026
- 2026GeoLAM: Learning Geometry-Grounded Latent Actions from Unlabeled Human Videos15 Sep 2026
- 2026Racing in Volume with Flow Ensembles14 Sep 2026
- 2026FFVO: A Feedforward Pose Decoder for Long-Horizon Visual Odometry12 Sep 2026
- 2026Point4D: Long-range 4D Motion Reconstruction8 Sep 2026
- 2026Joint-Conditioned Stereo Surface Reasoning for Interaction Field Estimation7 Sep 2026
- 2026Scal3R: Learning Efficient Multi-Relative Pose Query for Scalable Online 3D Reconstruction3 Sep 2026
- 2026FlashRender: Few-Step Generative Rendering via Camera-Controlled Video MeanFlow3 Sep 2026
- 2026TAPVid-MV: A Benchmark for Tracking Any Point in 3D Across Multiple Views1 Sep 2026
- 20264DGS-WAM: Bridging Past and Future with an Object-Centric World Action Model based on 4D Gaussian Splatting26 Aug 2026
- 2026USR-Drive: Unified Driving Scene Representation via Joint Denoising of 3D Gaussians and Boxes19 Aug 2026
- 2026UniQuery4R: Unified 4D Scene Reconstruction from a Single Query18 Aug 2026
- 2026Beyond Pixels: From Video Priors to 4D Worlds11 Aug 2026
- 2026Marrying Optimal Transport and ODEs for Unified Continuous-Time 4D Reconstruction and Tracking10 Aug 2026
- 2026Geometry Beats Estimated Depth: RGB-Only Multi-Camera 3D Tracking under Sim2Real4 Aug 2026
- 2026SM4RT: Learning Structured Motion Geometry for 4D Reconstruction24 Jul 2026
- 2026SeeSE3: Emergence of 3D Space in Vision Features15 Jul 2026
- 2026OmniX: Any-view and Any-time 4D Reconstruction via Feed-forward Trajectory Fields12 Jul 2026
- 2026Video Generation Models are General-Purpose Vision Learners10 Jul 2026
- 2026Gen4U: Unifying Video Generation and Understanding via Diffusion7 Jul 2026
- 2026HAT-4D: Lifting Monocular Video for 4D Multi-Object Interactions via Human-Agent Collaboration26 Jun 2026
- 2026Lift4D: Harmonizing Single-View 3D Estimation for 4D Reconstruction In-the-Wild22 Jun 2026
- 2026Surflo: Consistent 3D Surface Flow Model with Global State11 Jun 2026
- 2026DynaTok: Token-Based 4D Reconstruction from Partial Point Clouds10 Jun 2026
- 2026LongDPM: Overlap-Aware 4D Reconstruction from Long Monocular Videos17 May 2026
- 2026VGGT-Omega14 May 2026
- 2026QueST: Persistent Queries as Semantic Monitors for Drift Suppression in Long-Horizon Tracking10 May 2026
- 2026Syn4D: A Multiview Synthetic 4D Dataset6 May 2026
- 2026Image Generators are Generalist Vision Learners22 Apr 2026
- 2026LSRM: High-Fidelity Object-Centric Reconstruction via Scaled Context Windows6 Apr 2026
- 2026ReFlow: Self-correction Motion Learning for Dynamic Scene Reconstruction2 Apr 2026
- 2026RecGen3D: Reconstruction-Guided 3D Generation in a Shared Canonical Space1 Apr 2026
- 2026PAS3R: Pose-Adaptive Streaming 3D Reconstruction for Long Video Sequences22 Mar 2026
- 2026OmniStream: Mastering Perception, Reconstruction and Action in Continuous Streams12 Mar 2026
- 2026Track4World: Feedforward World-centric Dense 3D Tracking of All Pixels3 Mar 2026
50 newest of 54 All 54 (JSON)
- 2026OmniX: Any-view and Any-time 4D Reconstruction via Feed-forward Trajectory Fieldscited by 4
- 20264DGS-WAM: Bridging Past and Future with an Object-Centric World Action Model based on 4D Gaussian Splattingcited by 2
- 2026World SLAM Model: Joint World Modeling for SLAM and Navigationcited by 0
- 2026PhysWAM: Physically Consistent World Action Model for Autonomous Drivingcited by 0
- 20264LC: 4D Latent Cache for Efficient Conditioning in Dynamic World Modelingcited by 0
- 20264LC: 4D Latent Cache for Efficient Conditioning in Dynamic World Modeling13 Oct 2026
- 2026PhysWAM: Physically Consistent World Action Model for Autonomous Driving29 Sep 2026
- 2026World SLAM Model: Joint World Modeling for SLAM and Navigation26 Sep 2026
- 20264DGS-WAM: Bridging Past and Future with an Object-Centric World Action Model based on 4D Gaussian Splatting26 Aug 2026
- 2026OmniX: Any-view and Any-time 4D Reconstruction via Feed-forward Trajectory Fields12 Jul 2026
- 2026Image Generators are Generalist Vision Learnerscited by 43
- 2026VGGT-Omegacited by 26
- 20264RC: 4D Reconstruction via Conditional Querying Anytime and Anywherecited by 22
- 2026Video Generation Models are General-Purpose Vision Learnerscited by 14
- 2025In Pursuit of Pixel Supervision for Visual Pre-trainingcited by 13
- 2026Track4World: Feedforward World-centric Dense 3D Tracking of All Pixelscited by 13
- 2026Flow4R: Unifying 4D Reconstruction and Tracking with Scene Flowcited by 8
- 2026RecGen3D: Reconstruction-Guided 3D Generation in a Shared Canonical Spacecited by 5
- 2026SM4RT: Learning Structured Motion Geometry for 4D Reconstructioncited by 5
- 2026OmniStream: Mastering Perception, Reconstruction and Action in Continuous Streamscited by 4
- 2026Syn4D: A Multiview Synthetic 4D Datasetcited by 4
- 2026PAS3R: Pose-Adaptive Streaming 3D Reconstruction for Long Video Sequencescited by 2
12 most cited of 45 All 45 (JSON)
- 2026JtT: Rethinking Point Trajectory Diffusion for Diverse and Rigid Motion from an Image12 Oct 2026
- 2026ScenePlacer: Reformulating Scene-Level Object Pose Estimation as Visibility Field Learning11 Oct 2026
- 2026Slot3R: Set-Associative Spatial Memory for Streaming 3D Reconstruction8 Oct 2026
- 2026DistScene: Object-to-Scene Distillation for 3D Scene Generation3 Oct 2026
- 2026Less Decoder is More Encoder: Geometric Representation Learning from Novel View Synthesis2 Oct 2026
- 2026LoGo: Local-Global Rewards for Consistent Long-Horizon Video Generation2 Oct 2026
- 2026SCOPE-4D: Endoscopic 4D Geometry Foundation Models1 Oct 2026
- 2026ARROW: Arbitrary Reconstruction and Tracking of 4D Observations in the Wild1 Oct 2026
- 2026GAUGE: Group-Wise View-Inconsistency Rectification for Feed-Forward 4D Tracking26 Sep 2026
- 2026TrackEverything: Long Horizon Dense Tracking via De-Duplicating 3D Scene Representations24 Sep 2026
- 2026AgentSTAR: Agentic Shape Tracking and Reconstruction from Monocular Videos21 Sep 2026
- 2026GrapeSplat: Geometry-Grounded Reconstruction via Amalgamated Pose-Free Encoding for Feed-Forward 3D Gaussian Splatting19 Sep 2026
12 newest of 45 All 45 (JSON)