mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

AutoWebGLM: A Large Language Model-based Web Navigating Agent

arXiv 2404.03648 ↗First posted 4 Apr 2024cs.CLcited by 130

On the map: LLM agents and tool use → Web, search, and research agents

Abstract (arXiv)

Large language models (LLMs) have fueled many intelligent web agents, but most existing ones perform far from satisfying in real-world web navigation tasks due to three factors: (1) the complexity of HTML text data (2) versatility of actions on webpages, and (3) task difficulty due to the open-domain nature of the web. In light of these challenges, we develop the open AutoWebGLM based on ChatGLM3-6B. AutoWebGLM can serve as a powerful automated web navigation agent that outperform GPT-4. Inspired by human browsing patterns, we first design an HTML simplification algorithm to represent webpages with vital information preserved succinctly. We then employ a hybrid human-AI method to build web browsing data for curriculum training. Finally, we bootstrap the model by reinforcement learning and rejection sampling to further facilitate webpage comprehension, browser operations, and efficient task decomposition by itself. For comprehensive evaluation, we establish a bilingual benchmark -- AutoWebBench -- for real-world web navigation tasks. We evaluate AutoWebGLM across diverse web navigation benchmarks, demonstrating its potential to tackle challenging tasks in real environments. Related code, model, and data are released at urlhttps://github.com/THUDM/AutoWebGLM.

Key facts. Cited by 130 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Web, search, and research agents, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use. Builds on 28 of its 42 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 4 Apr 2024.

Builds on

28 of 42 references.

Closest ancestors · 1

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2023WebArena: A Realistic Web Environment for Building Autonomous Agents25 Jul

Other references · 27

  1. 2022Training language models to follow instructions with human feedbackcited by 15,712
  2. 2023LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Modelscited by 13,958
  3. 2022Chain-of-Thought Prompting Elicits Reasoning in Large Language Modelscited by 12,302
  4. 2023Direct Preference Optimization: Your Language Model is Secretly a Reward Modelcited by 7,916
  5. 2022Large Language Models are Zero-Shot Reasonerscited by 4,323
  6. 2016SQuAD: 100,000+ Questions for Machine Comprehension of Textcited by 4,115
  7. 2022OPT: Open Pre-trained Transformer Language Modelscited by 3,464
  8. 2023A Survey on Large Language Model based Autonomous Agentscited by 2,203
  9. 2022BLOOM: A 176B-Parameter Open-Access Multilingual Language Modelcited by 1,968
  10. 2016MS MARCO: A Human Generated MAchine Reading COmprehension Datasetcited by 1,591
  11. 2023The Rise and Potential of Large Language Model Based Agents: A Surveycited by 1,422
  12. 2023WizardLM: Empowering large pre-trained language models to follow complex instructionscited by 1,116
15 more
  1. 2022Measuring and Narrowing the Compositionality Gap in Language Modelscited by 1,054
  2. 2021GLM: General Language Model Pretraining with Autoregressive Blank Infillingcited by 1,026
  3. 2022GLM-130B: An Open Bilingual Pre-trained Modelcited by 837
  4. 2023WizardCoder: Empowering Code Large Language Models with Evol-Instructcited by 728
  5. 2023CogAgent: A Visual Language Model for GUI Agentscited by 692
  6. 2024SeeClick: Harnessing GUI Grounding for Advanced Visual GUI Agentscited by 553
  7. 2023Plan-and-Solve Prompting: Improving Zero-Shot Chain-of-Thought Reasoning by Large Language Modelscited by 550
  8. 2022Unnatural Instructions: Tuning Language Models with (Almost) No Human Laborcited by 395
  9. 2023Orca: Progressive Learning from Complex Explanation Traces of GPT-4cited by 369
  10. 2023StructGPT: A General Framework for Large Language Model to Reason over Structured Datacited by 339
  11. 2022Generating Training Data with Language Models: Towards Zero-Shot Language Understandingcited by 199
  12. 2023Black-Box Prompt Optimization: Aligning Large Language Models without Model Trainingcited by 122
  13. 2023WebGLM: Towards An Efficient Web-Enhanced Question Answering System with Human Preferencescited by 100
  14. 2023Lemur: Harmonizing Natural Language and Code for Language Agentscited by 71
  15. 2019CC-Net: Image Complexity Guided Network Compression for Biomedical Image Segmentationcited by 13

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2024: 21; 2025: 65; 2026: 44.

130 papers.

Sort:

By area:

  1. 2024ChatGLM: A Family of Large Language Models from GLM-130B to GLM-4 All Toolscited by 1,096
  2. 2024WebRL: Training LLM Web Agents via Self-Evolving Online Curriculum Reinforcement Learningcited by 243
  3. 2025Plan-and-Act: Improving Planning of Agents for Long-Horizon Taskscited by 190
  4. 2025WebWalker: Benchmarking LLMs in Web Traversalcited by 171
  5. 2025An Illusion of Progress? Assessing the Current State of Web Agentscited by 165
  6. 2025WebAgent-R1: Training Web Agents via End-to-End Multi-Turn Reinforcement Learningcited by 162
  7. 2024Large Language Model-Brained GUI Agents: A Surveycited by 160
  8. 2024OS-Genesis: Automating GUI Agent Trajectory Construction via Reverse Task Synthesiscited by 155
  9. 2024Is Your LLM Secretly a World Model of the Internet? Model-Based Planning for Web Agentscited by 144
  10. 2025BrowseComp-ZH: Benchmarking Web Browsing Ability of Large Language Models in Chinesecited by 139
  11. 2024ST-WebAgentBench: A Benchmark for Evaluating Safety and Trustworthiness in Web Agentscited by 126
  12. 2024AgentTrek: Agent Trajectory Synthesis via Guiding Replay with Web Tutorialscited by 123
38 more
  1. 2024AgentGym: Evolving Large Language Model-based Agents across Diverse Environmentscited by 120
  2. 2024WebCanvas: Benchmarking Web Agents in Online Environmentscited by 119
  3. 2024AgentOccam: A Simple Yet Strong Baseline for LLM-Based Web Agentscited by 110
  4. 2024VisualAgentBench: Towards Large Multimodal Models as Visual Foundation Agentscited by 101
  5. 2024GUI Agents: A Surveycited by 101
  6. 2024WebPilot: A Versatile and Autonomous Multi-Agent System for Web Task Execution with Strategic Explorationcited by 100
  7. 2025AgentRewardBench: Evaluating Automatic Evaluations of Web Agent Trajectoriescited by 99
  8. 2025A Survey of WebAgents: Towards Next-Generation AI Agents for Web Automation with Large Foundation Modelscited by 87
  9. 2024Beyond Browsing: API-Based Web Agentscited by 77
  10. 2025Explorer: Scaling Exploration-driven Web Trajectory Synthesis for Multimodal Web Agentscited by 68
  11. 2025SEAgent: Self-Evolving Computer Use Agent with Autonomous Learning from Experiencecited by 68
  12. 2025A Survey on (M)LLM-Based GUI Agentscited by 61
  13. 2024Large Language Models Can Self-Improve At Web Agent Taskscited by 54
  14. 2025DeepShop: A Benchmark for Deep Research Shopping Agentscited by 42
  15. 2026Code as Agent Harnesscited by 40
  16. 2025Large Language Models for Planning: A Comprehensive and Systematic Surveycited by 38
  17. 2025OS Agents: A Survey on MLLM-based Agents for General Computing Devices Usecited by 35
  18. 2025RiOSWorld: Benchmarking the Risk of Multimodal Computer-Use Agentscited by 34
  19. 2025Thinking vs. Doing: Agents that Reason by Scaling Test-Time Interactioncited by 34
  20. 2025A Comprehensive Survey of Agents for Computer Use: Foundations, Challenges, and Future Directionscited by 33
  21. 2025Go-Browse: Training Web Agents with Structured Explorationcited by 32
  22. 2025LLM-Powered GUI Agents in Phone Automation: Surveying Progress and Prospectscited by 31
  23. 2025Internet of Agents: Fundamentals, Applications, and Challengescited by 31
  24. 2025macOSWorld: A Multilingual Interactive Benchmark for GUI Agentscited by 31
  25. 2024Strategic Data Ordering: Enhancing Large Language Model Performance through Curriculum Learningcited by 28
  26. 2024Odyssey: Empowering Minecraft Agents with Open-World Skillscited by 26
  27. 2024Large Model Based Agents: State-of-the-Art, Cooperation Paradigms, Security and Privacy, and Future Trendscited by 26
  28. 2025Efficient Multi-turn RL for GUI Agents via Decoupled Training and Adaptive Data Curationcited by 24
  29. 2025Think Twice, Click Once: Enhancing GUI Grounding via Fast and Slow Systemscited by 23
  30. 2025UItron: Foundational GUI Agent with Advanced Perception and Planningcited by 22
  31. 2026MobileDreamer: Generative Sketch World Model for GUI Agentcited by 21
  32. 2025AutoMind: Adaptive Knowledgeable Agent for Automated Data Sciencecited by 20
  33. 2025WorldGUI: An Interactive Benchmark for Desktop GUI Automation from Any Starting Pointcited by 19
  34. 2025Mirage-1: Augmenting and Updating GUI Agent with Hierarchical Multimodal Skillscited by 18
  35. 2025WebSynthesis: World-Model-Guided MCTS for Efficient WebUI-Trajectory Synthesiscited by 18
  36. 2025Morae: Proactively Pausing UI Agents for User Choicescited by 18
  37. 2025Build the web for agents, not agents for the webcited by 17
  38. 2025SecureWebArena: A Holistic Security Evaluation Benchmark for LVLM-based Web Agentscited by 17

50 most cited of 130 All 130 (JSON)

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2024Navigating WebAI: Training Agents to Complete Web Tasks with Large Language Models and Reinforcement Learning
  2. 2024Auto-Intent: Automated Intent Discovery and Self-Exploration for Large Language Model Web Agents
  3. 2024WebLINX: Real-World Website Navigation with Multi-Turn Dialogue
  4. 2024Web Agents with World Models: Learning and Leveraging Environment Dynamics in Web Navigation
  5. 2026Improving LLM-based Autonomous Web Agents with Filtering
  6. 2026AutoSurfer -- Teaching Web Agents through Comprehensive Surfing, Learning, and Modeling
  7. 2023A Real-World WebAgent with Planning, Long Context Understanding, and Program Synthesis
  8. 2025BrowserAgent: Building Web Agents with Human-Inspired Web Browsing Actions