mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

BrowserAgent: Building Web Agents with Human-Inspired Web Browsing Actions

arXiv 2510.10666 ↗First posted 12 Oct 2025cs.CL cs.AIcited by 17

On the map: LLM agents and tool use → Web, search, and research agents

Abstract (arXiv)

Efficiently solving real-world problems with LLMs increasingly hinges on their ability to interact with dynamic web environments and autonomously acquire external information. While recent research like Search-R1 and WebDancer demonstrates strong performance in solving web tasks, they heavily rely on additional tools to convert the interactive web environment into static text content. This is in contrast to human browsing behaviors, which involve diverse interactions with the browser, such as scrolling, clicking, and typing. In this paper, we propose BrowserAgent, a more interactive agent that solves complex tasks through human-inspired browser actions. BrowserAgent operates directly on raw web pages via Playwright through a set of predefined browser actions. We adopt a two-stage training (Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) and Rejection Fine-Tuning (RFT)) to improve the model's generalization abilities. Despite using significantly less training data than Search-R1, BrowserAgent achieves more competitive results across different Open-QA tasks. Additionally, we introduce an explicit memory mechanism to store key conclusions across steps, further enhancing the model's reasoning capabilities for long-horizon tasks. Notably, BrowserAgent-7B can achieve around 20% improvement over Search-R1 on multi-hop QA tasks like HotpotQA, 2Wiki, and Bamboogle. These results indicate that BrowserAgent can serve as a more advanced framework for more interactive and scalable web agents.

Key facts. Cited by 17 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Web, search, and research agents, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use. Builds on 40 of its 50 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 12 Oct 2025.

Builds on

40 of 50 references.

Closest ancestors · 9

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2025WebExplorer: Explore and Evolve for Training Long-Horizon Web Agents8 Sep
  2. 2025BrowseComp-Plus: A More Fair and Transparent Evaluation Benchmark of Deep-Research Agent8 Aug
  3. 2025WebSailor: Navigating Super-human Reasoning for Web Agent3 Jul
  4. 2025EvolveSearch: An Iterative Self-Evolving Search Agent28 May
  5. 2025An Analysis of Decoding Methods for LLM-based Agents for Faithful Multi-Hop Question Answering30 Mar
  6. 2025Search-o1: Agentic Search-Enhanced Large Reasoning Models9 Jan
  7. 2024The BrowserGym Ecosystem for Web Agent Research6 Dec
  8. 2024AssistantBench: Can Web Agents Solve Realistic and Time-Consuming Tasks?22 Jul
  9. 2022WebShop: Towards Scalable Real-World Web Interaction with Grounded Language Agents4 Jul

Other references · 31

  1. 2022Chain-of-Thought Prompting Elicits Reasoning in Large Language Modelscited by 12,459
  2. 2020Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Knowledge-Intensive NLP Taskscited by 9,297
  3. 2022ReAct: Synergizing Reasoning and Acting in Language Modelscited by 8,695
  4. 2023Toolformer: Language Models Can Teach Themselves to Use Toolscited by 4,182
  5. 2020Dense Passage Retrieval for Open-Domain Question Answeringcited by 3,824
  6. 2018HotpotQA: A Dataset for Diverse, Explainable Multi-hop Question Answeringcited by 3,754
  7. 2022Scaling Instruction-Finetuned Language Modelscited by 3,024
  8. 2025Search-R1: Training LLMs to Reason and Leverage Search Engines with Reinforcement Learningcited by 1,444
  9. 2020Constructing A Multi-hop QA Dataset for Comprehensive Evaluation of Reasoning Stepscited by 1,282
  10. 2022When Not to Trust Language Models: Investigating Effectiveness of Parametric and Non-Parametric Memoriescited by 1,128
  11. 2023GAIA: a benchmark for General AI Assistantscited by 1,128
  12. 2024Qwen2.5-Math Technical Report: Toward Mathematical Expert Model via Self-Improvementcited by 1,090
19 more
  1. 2022Measuring and Narrowing the Compositionality Gap in Language Modelscited by 1,075
  2. 2024OpenHands: An Open Platform for AI Software Developers as Generalist Agentscited by 1,002
  3. 2022Interleaving Retrieval with Chain-of-Thought Reasoning for Knowledge-Intensive Multi-Step Questionscited by 923
  4. 2021MuSiQue: Multihop Questions via Single-hop Question Compositioncited by 916
  5. 2023RAFT: Reward rAnked FineTuning for Generative Foundation Model Alignmentcited by 686
  6. 2022Large Language Models Can Self-Improvecited by 664
  7. 2017Ray: A Distributed Framework for Emerging AI Applicationscited by 527
  8. 2025Humanity's Last Examcited by 491
  9. 2023Scaling Relationship on Learning Mathematical Reasoning with Large Language Modelscited by 427
  10. 2025RAGEN: Understanding Self-Evolution in LLM Agents via Multi-Turn Reinforcement Learningcited by 386
  11. 2025R1-Searcher: Incentivizing the Search Capability in LLMs via Reinforcement Learningcited by 336
  12. 2025WebThinker: Empowering Large Reasoning Models with Deep Research Capabilitycited by 335
  13. 2025DeepResearcher: Scaling Deep Research via Reinforcement Learning in Real-world Environmentscited by 286
  14. 2024RankRAG: Unifying Context Ranking with Retrieval-Augmented Generation in LLMscited by 202
  15. 2025A Minimalist Approach to LLM Reasoning: from Rejection Sampling to Reinforcecited by 145
  16. 2025VerlTool: Towards Holistic Agentic Reinforcement Learning with Tool Usecited by 96
  17. 2025SimpleDeepSearcher: Deep Information Seeking via Web-Powered Reasoning Trajectory Synthesiscited by 55
  18. 2025StructEval: Benchmarking LLMs' Capabilities to Generate Structural Outputscited by 25
  19. 2025GiFT: Gibbs Fine-Tuning for Code Generationcited by 3

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2025: 2; 2026: 15.

17 papers.

Sort:

By area:

  1. 2025Memory in the Age of AI Agentscited by 303
  2. 2026A Survey of Agentic Reasoning for Large Language Models: Towards Recursively Self-Improving and Collective Agentscited by 50
  3. 2026ClawBench: Can AI Agents Complete Everyday Online Tasks?cited by 33
  4. 2026VisBrowse-Bench: Benchmarking Visual-Native Search for Multimodal Browsing Agentscited by 13
  5. 2026Visual-Seeker: Towards Visual-Native Multimodal Agentic Search via Active Visual Reasoningcited by 8
  6. 2025Nested Browser-Use Learning for Agentic Information Seekingcited by 6
  7. 2026Self-Improvement of Large Language Models: A Technical Overview and Future Outlookcited by 5
  8. 2026CreativityBench: Evaluating Agent Creative Reasoning via Affordance-Based Tool Repurposingcited by 4
  9. 2026ShotFinder: Imagination-Driven Open-Domain Video Shot Retrieval via Web Searchcited by 3
  10. 2026Online Skill Learning for Web Agents via State-Grounded Dynamic Retrievalcited by 3
  11. 2026Neural Procedural Memory: Empowering LLM Agents with Implicit Activation Steeringcited by 3
  12. 2026VDE Bench: Evaluating The Capability of Image Editing Models to Modify Visual Documentscited by 2
5 more
  1. 2026Beyond the All-in-One Agent: Benchmarking Role-Specialized Multi-Agent Collaboration in Enterprise Workflowscited by 2
  2. 2026UI-Venus-2 Technical Reportcited by 2
  3. 2026STRUCTUREDAGENT: Planning with AND/OR Trees for Long-Horizon Web Taskscited by 1
  4. 2026Internal APIs Are All You Need: Shadow APIs, Shared Discovery, and the Case Against Browser-First Agent Architecturescited by 0
  5. 2026SPA: Securing Persistent LLM Agents Across Queries with Plan-First Information-Flow Controlcited by 0

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2025WALT: Web Agents that Learn Tools
  2. 2026WebChallenger: A Reliable and Efficient Generalist Web Agent
  3. 2023A Real-World WebAgent with Planning, Long Context Understanding, and Program Synthesis
  4. 2025WebChoreArena: Evaluating Web Browsing Agents on Realistic Tedious Web Tasks
  5. 2025BrowseMaster: Towards Scalable Web Browsing via Tool-Augmented Programmatic Agent Pair
  6. 2026CAP: A Scalable Benchmark for Evaluating Cross-Site Browser Agents with Complex Actions and Perception
  7. 2025Go-Browse: Training Web Agents with Structured Exploration
  8. 2024AutoWebGLM: A Large Language Model-based Web Navigating Agent