NaviQAte: Functionality-Guided Web Application Navigation
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
End-to-end web testing is challenging due to the need to explore diverse web application functionalities. Current state-of-the-art methods, such as WebCanvas, are not designed for broad functionality exploration; they rely on specific, detailed task descriptions, limiting their adaptability in dynamic web environments. We introduce NaviQAte, which frames web application exploration as a question-and-answer task, generating action sequences for functionalities without requiring detailed parameters. Our three-phase approach utilizes advanced large language models like GPT-4o for complex decision-making and cost-effective models, such as GPT-4o mini, for simpler tasks. NaviQAte focuses on functionality-guided web application navigation, integrating multi-modal inputs such as text and images to enhance contextual understanding. Evaluations on the Mind2Web-Live and Mind2Web-Live-Abstracted datasets show that NaviQAte achieves a 44.23% success rate in user task navigation and a 38.46% success rate in functionality navigation, representing a 15% and 33% improvement over WebCanvas. These results underscore the effectiveness of our approach in advancing automated web application testing.
Key facts. Cited by 9 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 38 of its 59 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 16 Sep 2024.
Builds on
38 of 59 references.
References · 38
- 2023A Survey on Large Language Model based Autonomous Agentscited by 2,203
- 2023WebArena: A Realistic Web Environment for Building Autonomous Agentscited by 1,908
- 2023MME: A Comprehensive Evaluation Benchmark for Multimodal Large Language Modelscited by 1,624
- 2020MiniLM: Deep Self-Attention Distillation for Task-Agnostic Compression of Pre-Trained Transformerscited by 1,414
- 2024Video-MME: The First-Ever Comprehensive Evaluation Benchmark of Multi-modal LLMs in Video Analysiscited by 1,375
- 2023Mind2Web: Towards a Generalist Agent for the Webcited by 1,210
- 2022WebShop: Towards Scalable Real-World Web Interaction with Grounded Language Agentscited by 1,197
- 2024GPT-4V(ision) is a Generalist Web Agent, if Groundedcited by 547
- 2023A Real-World WebAgent with Planning, Long Context Understanding, and Program Synthesiscited by 350
- 2018Reinforcement Learning on Web Interfaces Using Workflow-Guided Explorationcited by 282
- 2023Compositional Chain-of-Thought Prompting for Large Multimodal Modelscited by 160
- 2023Multimodal Web Navigation with Instruction-Finetuned Foundation Modelscited by 159
26 more
- 2023GPT-4V in Wonderland: Large Multimodal Models for Zero-Shot Smartphone GUI Navigationcited by 137
- 2024AutoWebGLM: A Large Language Model-based Web Navigating Agentcited by 130
- 2024WebCanvas: Benchmarking Web Agents in Online Environmentscited by 119
- 2022Large Language Models are Few-shot Testers: Exploring LLM-based General Bug Reproductioncited by 110
- 2023No More Manual Tests? Evaluating and Improving ChatGPT for Unit Test Generationcited by 82
- 2023Automatic Semantic Augmentation of Language Model Prompts (for Code Summarization)cited by 72
- 2023LASER: LLM Agent with State-Space Exploration for Web Navigationcited by 66
- 2018Learning to Navigate the Webcited by 60
- 2023A Challenger to GPT-4V? Early Explorations of Gemini in Visual Expertisecited by 49
- 2021Grounding Open-Domain Instructions to Automate Web Support Taskscited by 43
- 2023Make LLM a Testing Expert: Bringing Human-like Interaction to Mobile GUI Testing via Functionality-aware Decisionscited by 41
- 2022Fill in the Blank: Context-aware Automated Text Input Generation for Mobile GUI Testingcited by 36
- 2023How Can ChatGPT Support Human Security Testers to Help Mitigate Supply Chain Attacks?cited by 20
- 2021Automatic Web Testing using Curiosity-Driven Reinforcement Learningcited by 19
- 2023LLM for Test Script Generation and Migration: Challenges, Capabilities, and Opportunitiescited by 19
- 2023WebVLN: Vision-and-Language Navigation on Websitescited by 19
- 2020FLIN: A Flexible Natural Language Interface for Web Navigationcited by 18
- 2021Adversarial Environment Generation for Learning to Navigate the Webcited by 13
- 2021Web Question Answering with Neurosymbolic Program Synthesiscited by 11
- 2021Flakify: A Black-Box, Language Model-based Predictor for Flaky Testscited by 11
- 2024Contextual API Completion for Unseen Repositories Using LLMscited by 6
- 2024Feature-Driven End-To-End Test Generationcited by 6
- 2024Large Language Models for Automated Web-Form-Test Generation: An Empirical Studycited by 3
- 2021Tree-based Focused Web Crawling with Reinforcement Learningcited by 2
- 2024Semantic Constraint Inference for Web Form Test Generationcited by 2
- 2024The Web unpacked: a quantitative analysis of global Web usagecited by 2
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2024: 2; 2025: 5; 2026: 2.
9 papers.
- 2024Large Language Model-Brained GUI Agents: A Surveycited by 160
- 2024GUI Agents: A Surveycited by 101
- 2025Why Are Web AI Agents More Vulnerable Than Standalone LLMs? A Security Analysiscited by 27
- 2025Context manipulation attacks : Web agents are susceptible to corrupted memorycited by 10
- 2025VisEscape: A Benchmark for Evaluating Exploration-driven Decision-making in Virtual Escape Roomscited by 6
- 2025AI Agents for Web Testing: A Case Study in the Wildcited by 5
- 2026WebTestPilot: Agentic End-to-End Web Testing against Natural Language Specification by Inferring Oracles with Symbolized GUI Elementscited by 4
- 2026Software Engineering for and with GUI Agentcited by 1
- 2025Detecting Pipeline Failures through Fine-Grained Analysis of Web Agentscited by 0
- 2026Software Engineering for and with GUI Agent10 Aug 2026
- 2026WebTestPilot: Agentic End-to-End Web Testing against Natural Language Specification by Inferring Oracles with Symbolized GUI Elements12 Feb 2026
- 2025Detecting Pipeline Failures through Fine-Grained Analysis of Web Agents17 Sep 2025
- 2025AI Agents for Web Testing: A Case Study in the Wild5 Sep 2025
- 2025Context manipulation attacks : Web agents are susceptible to corrupted memory18 Jun 2025
- 2025VisEscape: A Benchmark for Evaluating Exploration-driven Decision-making in Virtual Escape Rooms18 Mar 2025
- 2025Why Are Web AI Agents More Vulnerable Than Standalone LLMs? A Security Analysis27 Feb 2025
- 2024GUI Agents: A Survey18 Dec 2024
- 2024Large Language Model-Brained GUI Agents: A Survey27 Nov 2024