Universal Retrieval for Multimodal Trajectory Modeling
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
Trajectory data, capturing human actions and environmental states across various modalities, holds significant potential for enhancing AI agent capabilities, particularly in GUI environments. However, how to model the representation of trajectory-level data presents a significant challenge that has not been systematically addressed amid explosive trajectory data growth. In this work, we introduce Multimodal Trajectory Retrieval, bridging the gap between universal retrieval and agent-centric trajectory modeling. We construct the Unified Agent Trajectory Dataset (UATD) from annotated demonstrations and states across diverse real-world scenarios. Based on this, we present GAE-Bench, a benchmark containing a large number of trajectory-based retrieval pairs. In addition, we propose GAE-Retriever, a multimodal retrieval framework that adopts vision-language models and incorporates optimized contrastive learning through a token selection and the GradCache mechanism. Comprehensive evaluations across multiple datasets show that GAE-Retriever consistently outperforms strong baselines in retrieval recall, highlighting its effectiveness in advancing multimodal trajectory retrieval.
Key facts. Cited by 3 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 53 of its 63 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 27 Jun 2025.
Builds on
53 of 63 references.
References · 53
- 2021Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervisioncited by 33,744
- 2022ReAct: Synergizing Reasoning and Acting in Language Modelscited by 8,695
- 2023Visual Instruction Tuningcited by 7,869
- 2023BLIP-2: Bootstrapping Language-Image Pre-training with Frozen Image Encoders and Large Language Modelscited by 6,137
- 2025Qwen2.5-VL Technical Reportcited by 5,587
- 2024Qwen2-VL: Enhancing Vision-Language Model's Perception of the World at Any Resolutioncited by 4,234
- 2023Generative Agents: Interactive Simulacra of Human Behaviorcited by 3,568
- 2023WebArena: A Realistic Web Environment for Building Autonomous Agentscited by 2,006
- 2022WebShop: Towards Scalable Real-World Web Interaction with Grounded Language Agentscited by 1,251
- 2023Mind2Web: Towards a Generalist Agent for the Webcited by 1,242
- 2020ALFWorld: Aligning Text and Embodied Environments for Interactive Learningcited by 1,205
- 2024OSWorld: Benchmarking Multimodal Agents for Open-Ended Tasks in Real Computer Environmentscited by 1,195
38 more
- 2023Kosmos-2: Grounding Multimodal Large Language Models to the Worldcited by 1,089
- 2023ExpeL: LLM Agents Are Experiential Learnerscited by 876
- 2022MTEB: Massive Text Embedding Benchmarkcited by 640
- 2025UI-TARS: Pioneering Automated GUI Interaction with Native Agentscited by 610
- 2024AndroidWorld: A Dynamic Benchmarking Environment for Autonomous Agentscited by 468
- 2024TravelPlanner: A Benchmark for Real-World Planning with Language Agentscited by 392
- 2024Navigating the Digital World as Humans Do: Universal Visual Grounding for GUI Agentscited by 382
- 2022Pix2Struct: Screenshot Parsing as Pretraining for Visual Language Understandingcited by 366
- 2023DreamSim: Learning New Dimensions of Human Visual Similarity using Synthetic Datacited by 337
- 2023Android in the Wild: A Large-Scale Dataset for Android Device Controlcited by 319
- 2019COIN: A Large-scale Dataset for Comprehensive Instructional Video Analysiscited by 318
- 2024InternVideo2: Scaling Foundation Models for Multimodal Video Understandingcited by 317
- 2024Aguvis: Unified Pure Vision Agents for Autonomous GUI Interactioncited by 278
- 2024Mixture-of-Depths: Dynamically allocating compute in transformer-based language modelscited by 258
- 2024ShowUI: One Vision-Language-Action Model for GUI Visual Agentcited by 232
- 2024VLM2Vec: Training Vision-Language Models for Massive Multimodal Embedding Taskscited by 228
- 2024Agent Q: Advanced Reasoning and Learning for Autonomous AI Agentscited by 208
- 2025SkillWeaver: Web Agents can Self-Improve by Discovering and Honing Skillscited by 192
- 2024WebLINX: Real-World Website Navigation with Multi-Turn Dialoguecited by 180
- 2024GME: Improving Universal Multimodal Retrieval by Multimodal LLMscited by 170
- 2023UniIR: Training and Benchmarking Universal Multimodal Information Retrieverscited by 166
- 2024Large Language Model-Brained GUI Agents: A Surveycited by 162
- 2024MM-Embed: Universal Multimodal Retrieval with Multimodal LLMscited by 161
- 2024Is Your LLM Secretly a World Model of the Internet? Model-Based Planning for Web Agentscited by 154
- 2024Tree Search for Language Model Agentscited by 151
- 2024AutoWebGLM: A Large Language Model-based Web Navigating Agentcited by 130
- 2021Scaling Deep Contrastive Learning Batch Size under Memory Limited Setupcited by 127
- 2024E5-V: Universal Embeddings with Multimodal Large Language Modelscited by 126
- 2024MagicLens: Self-Supervised Image Retrieval with Open-Ended Instructionscited by 119
- 2024GUICourse: From General Vision Language Models to Versatile GUI Agentscited by 114
- 2024AMEX: Android Multi-annotation Expo Dataset for Mobile GUI Agentscited by 113
- 2024LamRA: Large Multimodal Model as Your Advanced Retrieval Assistantcited by 106
- 2024AutoGuide: Automated Generation and Selection of Context-Aware Guidelines for Large Language Model Agentscited by 74
- 2022Retrieval-Augmented Reinforcement Learningcited by 53
- 2024On the Multi-turn Instruction Following for Conversational Web Agentscited by 43
- 2025TongUI: Internet-Scale Trajectories from Multimodal Web Tutorials for Generalized GUI Agentscited by 42
- 2022Large-Scale Retrieval for Reinforcement Learningcited by 24
- 2022Show Me More Details: Discovering Hierarchies of Procedures from Semi-structured Web Datacited by 22
50 most cited of 53 All 53 (JSON)
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2025: 2; 2026: 1.
3 papers.
- 2025Auto-scaling Continuous Memory for GUI Agentcited by 20
- 2025GUIrilla: A Scalable Framework for Automated Desktop UI Explorationcited by 2
- 2026TempCloze: Can Video-LLMs Identify the Missing Middle?cited by 0
- 2026TempCloze: Can Video-LLMs Identify the Missing Middle?1 Sep 2026
- 2025GUIrilla: A Scalable Framework for Automated Desktop UI Exploration16 Oct 2025
- 2025Auto-scaling Continuous Memory for GUI Agent10 Oct 2025
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2024AgentTrek: Agent Trajectory Synthesis via Guiding Replay with Web Tutorials
- 2026Linguistic Trajectory Encoding for Efficient Long-Horizon Spatial Memory in Embodied Agents
- 2026Retrieval-Augmented LLM Agents: Learning to Learn from Experience
- 2026Reason Before You Retrieve: Agentic Planning for Multi-modal RAG
- 2026TrajRAG: Retrieving Geometric-Semantic Experience for Zero-Shot Object Navigation
- 2024RAP: Retrieval-Augmented Planning with Contextual Memory for Multimodal LLM Agents
- 2026Learning to Retrieve from Agent Trajectories
- 2026M2: Dual-Memory Augmentation for Long-Horizon Web Agents via Trajectory Summarization and Insight Retrieval