mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

macOSWorld: A Multilingual Interactive Benchmark for GUI Agents

arXiv 2506.04135 ↗First posted 4 Jun 2025cs.AIcited by 32

On the map: LLM agents and tool use → GUI and mobile agents

Abstract (arXiv)

Graphical User Interface (GUI) agents show promising capabilities for automating computer-use tasks and facilitating accessibility, but existing interactive benchmarks are mostly English-only, covering web-use or Windows, Linux, and Android environments, but not macOS. macOS is a major OS with distinctive GUI patterns and exclusive applications. To bridge the gaps, we present macOSWorld, the first comprehensive benchmark for evaluating GUI agents on macOS. macOSWorld features 202 multilingual interactive tasks across 30 applications (28 macOS-exclusive), with task instructions and OS interfaces offered in 5 languages (English, Chinese, Arabic, Japanese, and Russian). As GUI agents are shown to be vulnerable to deception attacks, macOSWorld also includes a dedicated safety benchmarking subset. Our evaluation on six GUI agents reveals a dramatic gap: proprietary computer-use agents lead at above 30% success rate, while open-source lightweight research models lag at below 5%, highlighting the need for macOS domain adaptation. Multilingual benchmarks also expose common weaknesses, especially in Arabic, with a 28.8% average degradation compared to English. Results from safety benchmarking also highlight that deception attacks are more general and demand immediate attention. Project page: https://macos-world.github.io.

Key facts. Cited by 32 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in GUI and mobile agents, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use. Builds on 44 of its 57 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 4 Jun 2025.

Builds on

44 of 57 references.

Closest ancestors · 11

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2025UI-TARS: Pioneering Automated GUI Interaction with Native Agents21 Jan
  2. 2024The Dawn of GUI Agent: A Preliminary Case Study with Claude 3.5 Computer Use15 Nov
  3. 2024OS-ATLAS: A Foundation Action Model for Generalist GUI Agents30 Oct
  4. 2024Navigating the Digital World as Humans Do: Universal Visual Grounding for GUI Agents7 Oct
  5. 2024Windows Agent Arena: Evaluating Multi-Modal OS Agents at Scale12 Sep
  6. 2024Caution for the Environment: Multimodal LLM Agents are Susceptible to Environmental Distractions5 Aug
  7. 2024OSWorld: Benchmarking Multimodal Agents for Open-Ended Tasks in Real Computer Environments11 Apr
  8. 2024OmniACT: A Dataset and Benchmark for Enabling Multimodal Generalist Autonomous Agents for Desktop and Web27 Feb
  9. 2024SeeClick: Harnessing GUI Grounding for Advanced Visual GUI Agents17 Jan
  10. 2023CogAgent: A Visual Language Model for GUI Agents14 Dec
  11. 2023You Only Look at Screens: Multimodal Chain-of-Action Agents20 Sep

Other references · 33

  1. 2022Chain-of-Thought Prompting Elicits Reasoning in Large Language Modelscited by 12,459
  2. 2024GPT-4o System Cardcited by 4,588
  3. 2023WebArena: A Realistic Web Environment for Building Autonomous Agentscited by 2,006
  4. 2023Mind2Web: Towards a Generalist Agent for the Webcited by 1,242
  5. 2023GAIA: a benchmark for General AI Assistantscited by 1,128
  6. 2024GPT-4V(ision) is a Generalist Web Agent, if Groundedcited by 563
  7. 2024AndroidWorld: A Dynamic Benchmarking Environment for Autonomous Agentscited by 468
  8. 2024WebVoyager: Building an End-to-End Web Agent with Large Multimodal Modelscited by 438
  9. 2024AgentPoison: Red-teaming LLM Agents via Poisoning Memory or Knowledge Basescited by 429
  10. 2024WorkArena: How Capable Are Web Agents at Solving Common Knowledge Work Tasks?cited by 363
  11. 2023Android in the Wild: A Large-Scale Dataset for Android Device Controlcited by 319
  12. 2024Agent-SafetyBench: Evaluating the Safety of LLM Agentscited by 306
21 more
  1. 2024Aguvis: Unified Pure Vision Agents for Autonomous GUI Interactioncited by 278
  2. 2024ShowUI: One Vision-Language-Action Model for GUI Visual Agentcited by 232
  3. 2024OmniParser for Pure Vision Based GUI Agentcited by 198
  4. 2023Synapse: Trajectory-as-Exemplar Prompting with Memory for Computer Controlcited by 187
  5. 2020Mapping Natural Language Instructions to Mobile UI Action Sequencescited by 181
  6. 2024WebLINX: Real-World Website Navigation with Multi-Turn Dialoguecited by 180
  7. 2024EIA: Environmental Injection Attack on Generalist Web Agents for Privacy Leakagecited by 150
  8. 2024UFO: A UI-Focused Agent for Windows OS Interactioncited by 148
  9. 2024AutoWebGLM: A Large Language Model-based Web Navigating Agentcited by 130
  10. 2024WebCanvas: Benchmarking Web Agents in Online Environmentscited by 121
  11. 2024Attacking Vision-Language Computer Agents via Pop-upscited by 116
  12. 2024RingID: Rethinking Tree-Ring Watermarking for Enhanced Multi-Key Identificationcited by 91
  13. 2022META-GUI: Towards Multi-modal Conversational Agents on Mobile GUIcited by 81
  14. 2023SheetCopilot: Bringing Software Productivity to the Next Level through Large Language Modelscited by 57
  15. 2024MMInA: Benchmarking Multihop Multimodal Internet Agentscited by 55
  16. 2023ASSISTGUI: Task-Oriented Desktop Graphical User Interface Automationcited by 45
  17. 2024WMAdapter: Adding WaterMark Control to Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 31
  18. 2024Falcon-UI: Understanding GUI Before Following User Instructionscited by 22
  19. 2024IDProtector: An Adversarial Noise Encoder to Protect Against ID-Preserving Image Generationcited by 22
  20. 2023WebVLN: Vision-and-Language Navigation on Websitescited by 19
  21. 2025In-Context Defense in Computer Agents: An Empirical Studycited by 10

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2025: 4; 2026: 28.

32 papers.

Sort:

By area:

  1. 2026OSWorld 2.0: Benchmarking Computer Use Agents on Long-Horizon Real-World Taskscited by 40
  2. 2026Odysseys: Benchmarking Web Agents on Realistic Long Horizon Taskscited by 21
  3. 2026MMSkills: Towards Multimodal Skills for General Visual Agentscited by 16
  4. 2026Agentic World Modeling: Foundations, Capabilities, Laws, and Beyondcited by 14
  5. 2026MobileGym: A Verifiable and Highly Parallel Simulation Platform for Mobile GUI Agent Researchcited by 13
  6. 2026TUA-Bench: A Benchmark for General-Purpose Terminal-Use Agentscited by 9
  7. 2026UI-MOPD: Multi-Platform On-Policy Distillation for Unified GUI Agentscited by 8
  8. 2025SCUBA: Salesforce Computer Use Benchmarkcited by 7
  9. 2026OSExpert: Computer-Use Agents Learning Professional Skills via Explorationcited by 7
  10. 2026iOSWorld: A Benchmark for Personally Intelligent Phone Agentscited by 7
  11. 2026MyPCBench: A Benchmark for Personally Intelligent Computer-Use Agentscited by 7
  12. 2026VLAA-GUI: Knowing When to Stop, Recover, and Search, A Modular Framework for GUI Automationcited by 5
20 more
  1. 2026PhoneBuddy: Training Open Models for Agentic Phone Usecited by 4
  2. 2025GUI Knowledge Bench: Revealing the Knowledge Gap of VLMs in GUI Taskscited by 3
  3. 2025UI-CUBE: Enterprise-Grade Computer Use Agent Benchmarking Beyond Task Accuracy to Operational Reliabilitycited by 3
  4. 2026Video-Based Reward Modeling for Computer-Use Agentscited by 3
  5. 2026ActionMap: Robot Policy Learning via Voxel Action Heatmapcited by 2
  6. 2026OmegaUse-OfficeVal: Benchmarking LLM Agents on Long-Horizon Office-Suite Tasks with Economic Groundingcited by 2
  7. 2025A Multimodal GUI Architecture for Interfacing with LLM-Based Conversational Assistantscited by 1
  8. 2026AutoGUI-v2: A Comprehensive Multi-Modal GUI Functionality Understanding Benchmarkcited by 1
  9. 2026CutVerse: A Compositional GUI Agents Benchmark for Media Post-Production Editingcited by 1
  10. 2026Learn from Weaknesses: Automated Domain Specialization for Small Computer-Use Agentscited by 1
  11. 2026LabOSBench: Benchmarking Computer Use Agents for Scientific Instrument Controlcited by 1
  12. 2026Reinforcement Learning for Computer-Use Agents with Autonomous Evaluationcited by 1
  13. 2026The Horizon Gap: Planning, Memory, Execution, Training, and Evaluation for Long-Horizon LLM Agentscited by 1
  14. 2026Software Engineering for and with GUI Agentcited by 1
  15. 2026RiskWebWorld: A Realistic Interactive Benchmark for GUI Agents in E-commerce Risk Managementcited by 0
  16. 2026Securing Computer-Use Agents: A Unified Architecture-Lifecycle Framework for Deployment-Grounded Reliabilitycited by 0
  17. 2026MacArena: Benchmarking Computer Use Agents on an Online macOS Environmentcited by 0
  18. 2026Tactile: Giving Computer-Using Agents Hands and Feetcited by 0
  19. 2026cua-speedrun: Standardized Benchmarking of the Speed of Computer-Use Agentscited by 0
  20. 2026AutoGUIWorld: Image Generators as Visual World Models for GUI Agentcited by 0

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2025OSWorld-MCP: Benchmarking MCP Tool Invocation In Computer-Use Agents
  2. 2025MMBench-GUI: Hierarchical Multi-Platform Evaluation Framework for GUI Agents
  3. 2025GUIrilla: A Scalable Framework for Automated Desktop UI Exploration
  4. 2026WindowsWorld: A Process-Centric Benchmark of Autonomous GUI Agents in Professional Cross-Application Environments
  5. 2026GUI-CEval: A Hierarchical and Comprehensive Chinese Benchmark for Mobile GUI Agents
  6. 2026MobileBench-OL: A Comprehensive Chinese Benchmark for Evaluating Mobile GUI Agents in Real-World Environment
  7. 2025Mobile GUI Agents under Real-world Threats: Are We There Yet?
  8. 2026MacAgentBench: Benchmarking AI Agents on Real-World macOS Desktop