macOSWorld: A Multilingual Interactive Benchmark for GUI Agents
On the map: LLM agents and tool use → GUI and mobile agents
Abstract (arXiv)
Graphical User Interface (GUI) agents show promising capabilities for automating computer-use tasks and facilitating accessibility, but existing interactive benchmarks are mostly English-only, covering web-use or Windows, Linux, and Android environments, but not macOS. macOS is a major OS with distinctive GUI patterns and exclusive applications. To bridge the gaps, we present macOSWorld, the first comprehensive benchmark for evaluating GUI agents on macOS. macOSWorld features 202 multilingual interactive tasks across 30 applications (28 macOS-exclusive), with task instructions and OS interfaces offered in 5 languages (English, Chinese, Arabic, Japanese, and Russian). As GUI agents are shown to be vulnerable to deception attacks, macOSWorld also includes a dedicated safety benchmarking subset. Our evaluation on six GUI agents reveals a dramatic gap: proprietary computer-use agents lead at above 30% success rate, while open-source lightweight research models lag at below 5%, highlighting the need for macOS domain adaptation. Multilingual benchmarks also expose common weaknesses, especially in Arabic, with a 28.8% average degradation compared to English. Results from safety benchmarking also highlight that deception attacks are more general and demand immediate attention. Project page: https://macos-world.github.io.
Key facts. Cited by 32 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in GUI and mobile agents, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use. Builds on 44 of its 57 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 4 Jun 2025.
Builds on
44 of 57 references.
Closest ancestors · 11
Same direction, newest first
- 2025UI-TARS: Pioneering Automated GUI Interaction with Native Agents21 Jan
- 2024The Dawn of GUI Agent: A Preliminary Case Study with Claude 3.5 Computer Use15 Nov
- 2024OS-ATLAS: A Foundation Action Model for Generalist GUI Agents30 Oct
- 2024Navigating the Digital World as Humans Do: Universal Visual Grounding for GUI Agents7 Oct
- 2024Windows Agent Arena: Evaluating Multi-Modal OS Agents at Scale12 Sep
- 2024Caution for the Environment: Multimodal LLM Agents are Susceptible to Environmental Distractions5 Aug
- 2024OSWorld: Benchmarking Multimodal Agents for Open-Ended Tasks in Real Computer Environments11 Apr
- 2024OmniACT: A Dataset and Benchmark for Enabling Multimodal Generalist Autonomous Agents for Desktop and Web27 Feb
- 2024SeeClick: Harnessing GUI Grounding for Advanced Visual GUI Agents17 Jan
- 2023CogAgent: A Visual Language Model for GUI Agents14 Dec
- 2023You Only Look at Screens: Multimodal Chain-of-Action Agents20 Sep
Other references · 33
- 2022Chain-of-Thought Prompting Elicits Reasoning in Large Language Modelscited by 12,459
- 2024GPT-4o System Cardcited by 4,588
- 2023WebArena: A Realistic Web Environment for Building Autonomous Agentscited by 2,006
- 2023Mind2Web: Towards a Generalist Agent for the Webcited by 1,242
- 2023GAIA: a benchmark for General AI Assistantscited by 1,128
- 2024GPT-4V(ision) is a Generalist Web Agent, if Groundedcited by 563
- 2024AndroidWorld: A Dynamic Benchmarking Environment for Autonomous Agentscited by 468
- 2024WebVoyager: Building an End-to-End Web Agent with Large Multimodal Modelscited by 438
- 2024AgentPoison: Red-teaming LLM Agents via Poisoning Memory or Knowledge Basescited by 429
- 2024WorkArena: How Capable Are Web Agents at Solving Common Knowledge Work Tasks?cited by 363
- 2023Android in the Wild: A Large-Scale Dataset for Android Device Controlcited by 319
- 2024Agent-SafetyBench: Evaluating the Safety of LLM Agentscited by 306
21 more
- 2024Aguvis: Unified Pure Vision Agents for Autonomous GUI Interactioncited by 278
- 2024ShowUI: One Vision-Language-Action Model for GUI Visual Agentcited by 232
- 2024OmniParser for Pure Vision Based GUI Agentcited by 198
- 2023Synapse: Trajectory-as-Exemplar Prompting with Memory for Computer Controlcited by 187
- 2020Mapping Natural Language Instructions to Mobile UI Action Sequencescited by 181
- 2024WebLINX: Real-World Website Navigation with Multi-Turn Dialoguecited by 180
- 2024EIA: Environmental Injection Attack on Generalist Web Agents for Privacy Leakagecited by 150
- 2024UFO: A UI-Focused Agent for Windows OS Interactioncited by 148
- 2024AutoWebGLM: A Large Language Model-based Web Navigating Agentcited by 130
- 2024WebCanvas: Benchmarking Web Agents in Online Environmentscited by 121
- 2024Attacking Vision-Language Computer Agents via Pop-upscited by 116
- 2024RingID: Rethinking Tree-Ring Watermarking for Enhanced Multi-Key Identificationcited by 91
- 2022META-GUI: Towards Multi-modal Conversational Agents on Mobile GUIcited by 81
- 2023SheetCopilot: Bringing Software Productivity to the Next Level through Large Language Modelscited by 57
- 2024MMInA: Benchmarking Multihop Multimodal Internet Agentscited by 55
- 2023ASSISTGUI: Task-Oriented Desktop Graphical User Interface Automationcited by 45
- 2024WMAdapter: Adding WaterMark Control to Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 31
- 2024Falcon-UI: Understanding GUI Before Following User Instructionscited by 22
- 2024IDProtector: An Adversarial Noise Encoder to Protect Against ID-Preserving Image Generationcited by 22
- 2023WebVLN: Vision-and-Language Navigation on Websitescited by 19
- 2025In-Context Defense in Computer Agents: An Empirical Studycited by 10
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2025: 4; 2026: 28.
32 papers.
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- 2026OSWorld 2.0: Benchmarking Computer Use Agents on Long-Horizon Real-World Taskscited by 40
- 2026Odysseys: Benchmarking Web Agents on Realistic Long Horizon Taskscited by 21
- 2026MMSkills: Towards Multimodal Skills for General Visual Agentscited by 16
- 2026Agentic World Modeling: Foundations, Capabilities, Laws, and Beyondcited by 14
- 2026MobileGym: A Verifiable and Highly Parallel Simulation Platform for Mobile GUI Agent Researchcited by 13
- 2026TUA-Bench: A Benchmark for General-Purpose Terminal-Use Agentscited by 9
- 2026UI-MOPD: Multi-Platform On-Policy Distillation for Unified GUI Agentscited by 8
- 2025SCUBA: Salesforce Computer Use Benchmarkcited by 7
- 2026OSExpert: Computer-Use Agents Learning Professional Skills via Explorationcited by 7
- 2026iOSWorld: A Benchmark for Personally Intelligent Phone Agentscited by 7
- 2026MyPCBench: A Benchmark for Personally Intelligent Computer-Use Agentscited by 7
- 2026VLAA-GUI: Knowing When to Stop, Recover, and Search, A Modular Framework for GUI Automationcited by 5
20 more
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- 2026AutoGUI-v2: A Comprehensive Multi-Modal GUI Functionality Understanding Benchmarkcited by 1
- 2026CutVerse: A Compositional GUI Agents Benchmark for Media Post-Production Editingcited by 1
- 2026Learn from Weaknesses: Automated Domain Specialization for Small Computer-Use Agentscited by 1
- 2026LabOSBench: Benchmarking Computer Use Agents for Scientific Instrument Controlcited by 1
- 2026Reinforcement Learning for Computer-Use Agents with Autonomous Evaluationcited by 1
- 2026The Horizon Gap: Planning, Memory, Execution, Training, and Evaluation for Long-Horizon LLM Agentscited by 1
- 2026Software Engineering for and with GUI Agentcited by 1
- 2026RiskWebWorld: A Realistic Interactive Benchmark for GUI Agents in E-commerce Risk Managementcited by 0
- 2026Securing Computer-Use Agents: A Unified Architecture-Lifecycle Framework for Deployment-Grounded Reliabilitycited by 0
- 2026MacArena: Benchmarking Computer Use Agents on an Online macOS Environmentcited by 0
- 2026Tactile: Giving Computer-Using Agents Hands and Feetcited by 0
- 2026cua-speedrun: Standardized Benchmarking of the Speed of Computer-Use Agentscited by 0
- 2026AutoGUIWorld: Image Generators as Visual World Models for GUI Agentcited by 0
- 2026AutoGUIWorld: Image Generators as Visual World Models for GUI Agent1 Oct 2026
- 2026cua-speedrun: Standardized Benchmarking of the Speed of Computer-Use Agents30 Sep 2026
- 2026Software Engineering for and with GUI Agent10 Aug 2026
- 2026The Horizon Gap: Planning, Memory, Execution, Training, and Evaluation for Long-Horizon LLM Agents7 Aug 2026
- 2026OmegaUse-OfficeVal: Benchmarking LLM Agents on Long-Horizon Office-Suite Tasks with Economic Grounding29 Jul 2026
- 2026Tactile: Giving Computer-Using Agents Hands and Feet16 Jul 2026
- 2026UI-MOPD: Multi-Platform On-Policy Distillation for Unified GUI Agents5 Jul 2026
- 2026OSWorld 2.0: Benchmarking Computer Use Agents on Long-Horizon Real-World Tasks28 Jun 2026
- 2026TUA-Bench: A Benchmark for General-Purpose Terminal-Use Agents26 Jun 2026
- 2026Reinforcement Learning for Computer-Use Agents with Autonomous Evaluation23 Jun 2026
- 2026PhoneBuddy: Training Open Models for Agentic Phone Use22 Jun 2026
- 2026LabOSBench: Benchmarking Computer Use Agents for Scientific Instrument Control15 Jun 2026
20 more
- 2026MyPCBench: A Benchmark for Personally Intelligent Computer-Use Agents15 Jun 2026
- 2026iOSWorld: A Benchmark for Personally Intelligent Phone Agents8 Jun 2026
- 2026ActionMap: Robot Policy Learning via Voxel Action Heatmap5 Jun 2026
- 2026MacArena: Benchmarking Computer Use Agents on an Online macOS Environment4 Jun 2026
- 2026Learn from Weaknesses: Automated Domain Specialization for Small Computer-Use Agents27 May 2026
- 2026MobileGym: A Verifiable and Highly Parallel Simulation Platform for Mobile GUI Agent Research25 May 2026
- 2026CutVerse: A Compositional GUI Agents Benchmark for Media Post-Production Editing19 May 2026
- 2026MMSkills: Towards Multimodal Skills for General Visual Agents13 May 2026
- 2026Securing Computer-Use Agents: A Unified Architecture-Lifecycle Framework for Deployment-Grounded Reliability8 May 2026
- 2026Odysseys: Benchmarking Web Agents on Realistic Long Horizon Tasks27 Apr 2026
- 2026AutoGUI-v2: A Comprehensive Multi-Modal GUI Functionality Understanding Benchmark27 Apr 2026
- 2026Agentic World Modeling: Foundations, Capabilities, Laws, and Beyond24 Apr 2026
- 2026VLAA-GUI: Knowing When to Stop, Recover, and Search, A Modular Framework for GUI Automation23 Apr 2026
- 2026RiskWebWorld: A Realistic Interactive Benchmark for GUI Agents in E-commerce Risk Management15 Apr 2026
- 2026Video-Based Reward Modeling for Computer-Use Agents10 Mar 2026
- 2026OSExpert: Computer-Use Agents Learning Professional Skills via Exploration9 Mar 2026
- 2025UI-CUBE: Enterprise-Grade Computer Use Agent Benchmarking Beyond Task Accuracy to Operational Reliability21 Nov 2025
- 2025GUI Knowledge Bench: Revealing the Knowledge Gap of VLMs in GUI Tasks30 Oct 2025
- 2025SCUBA: Salesforce Computer Use Benchmark30 Sep 2025
- 2025A Multimodal GUI Architecture for Interfacing with LLM-Based Conversational Assistants31 Aug 2025
- 2026OSWorld 2.0: Benchmarking Computer Use Agents on Long-Horizon Real-World Taskscited by 40
- 2026Odysseys: Benchmarking Web Agents on Realistic Long Horizon Taskscited by 21
- 2026MobileGym: A Verifiable and Highly Parallel Simulation Platform for Mobile GUI Agent Researchcited by 13
- 2026TUA-Bench: A Benchmark for General-Purpose Terminal-Use Agentscited by 9
- 2026UI-MOPD: Multi-Platform On-Policy Distillation for Unified GUI Agentscited by 8
- 2025SCUBA: Salesforce Computer Use Benchmarkcited by 7
- 2026OSExpert: Computer-Use Agents Learning Professional Skills via Explorationcited by 7
- 2026MyPCBench: A Benchmark for Personally Intelligent Computer-Use Agentscited by 7
- 2026VLAA-GUI: Knowing When to Stop, Recover, and Search, A Modular Framework for GUI Automationcited by 5
- 2026PhoneBuddy: Training Open Models for Agentic Phone Usecited by 4
- 2025UI-CUBE: Enterprise-Grade Computer Use Agent Benchmarking Beyond Task Accuracy to Operational Reliabilitycited by 3
- 2026Video-Based Reward Modeling for Computer-Use Agentscited by 3
12 most cited of 23 All 23 (JSON)
- 2026cua-speedrun: Standardized Benchmarking of the Speed of Computer-Use Agents30 Sep 2026
- 2026Software Engineering for and with GUI Agent10 Aug 2026
- 2026OmegaUse-OfficeVal: Benchmarking LLM Agents on Long-Horizon Office-Suite Tasks with Economic Grounding29 Jul 2026
- 2026Tactile: Giving Computer-Using Agents Hands and Feet16 Jul 2026
- 2026UI-MOPD: Multi-Platform On-Policy Distillation for Unified GUI Agents5 Jul 2026
- 2026OSWorld 2.0: Benchmarking Computer Use Agents on Long-Horizon Real-World Tasks28 Jun 2026
- 2026TUA-Bench: A Benchmark for General-Purpose Terminal-Use Agents26 Jun 2026
- 2026Reinforcement Learning for Computer-Use Agents with Autonomous Evaluation23 Jun 2026
- 2026PhoneBuddy: Training Open Models for Agentic Phone Use22 Jun 2026
- 2026LabOSBench: Benchmarking Computer Use Agents for Scientific Instrument Control15 Jun 2026
- 2026MyPCBench: A Benchmark for Personally Intelligent Computer-Use Agents15 Jun 2026
- 2026MacArena: Benchmarking Computer Use Agents on an Online macOS Environment4 Jun 2026
12 newest of 23 All 23 (JSON)
- 2026MMSkills: Towards Multimodal Skills for General Visual Agentscited by 16
- 2026iOSWorld: A Benchmark for Personally Intelligent Phone Agentscited by 7
- 2025A Multimodal GUI Architecture for Interfacing with LLM-Based Conversational Assistantscited by 1
- 2026AutoGUI-v2: A Comprehensive Multi-Modal GUI Functionality Understanding Benchmarkcited by 1
- 2026iOSWorld: A Benchmark for Personally Intelligent Phone Agents8 Jun 2026
- 2026MMSkills: Towards Multimodal Skills for General Visual Agents13 May 2026
- 2026AutoGUI-v2: A Comprehensive Multi-Modal GUI Functionality Understanding Benchmark27 Apr 2026
- 2025A Multimodal GUI Architecture for Interfacing with LLM-Based Conversational Assistants31 Aug 2025
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