mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

SEAgent: Self-Evolving Computer Use Agent with Autonomous Learning from Experience

arXiv 2508.04700 ↗First posted 6 Aug 2025cs.AI cs.CL cs.CVcited by 69

On the map: Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models → Embodied and 3D vision-language models

also in 2 more
Abstract (arXiv)

Repurposing large vision-language models (LVLMs) as computer use agents (CUAs) has led to substantial breakthroughs, primarily driven by human-labeled data. However, these models often struggle with novel and specialized software, particularly in scenarios lacking human annotations. To address this challenge, we propose SEAgent, an agentic self-evolving framework enabling CUAs to autonomously evolve through interactions with unfamiliar software. Specifically, SEAgent empowers computer-use agents to autonomously master novel software environments via experiential learning, where agents explore new software, learn through iterative trial-and-error, and progressively tackle auto-generated tasks organized from simple to complex. To achieve this goal, we design a World State Model for step-wise trajectory assessment, along with a Curriculum Generator that generates increasingly diverse and challenging tasks. The agent's policy is updated through experiential learning, comprised of adversarial imitation of failure actions and Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) on successful ones. Furthermore, we introduce a specialist-to-generalist training strategy that integrates individual experiential insights from specialist agents, facilitating the development of a stronger generalist CUA capable of continuous autonomous evolution. This unified agent ultimately achieves performance surpassing ensembles of individual specialist agents on their specialized software. We validate the effectiveness of SEAgent across five novel software environments within OS-World. Our approach achieves a significant improvement of 23.2% in success rate, from 11.3% to 34.5%, over a competitive open-source CUA, i.e., UI-TARS.

Key facts. Cited by 69 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Embodied and 3D vision-language models, one of 16 directions in Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models. Builds on 66 of its 80 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 6 Aug 2025.

Builds on

66 of 80 references.

Closest ancestors · 10

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2025VLM-R1: A Stable and Generalizable R1-style Large Vision-Language Model10 Apr
  2. 2025ScreenSpot-Pro: GUI Grounding for Professional High-Resolution Computer Use4 Apr
  3. 2024OS-ATLAS: A Foundation Action Model for Generalist GUI Agents30 Oct
  4. 2024Navigating the Digital World as Humans Do: Universal Visual Grounding for GUI Agents7 Oct
  5. 2024GUICourse: From General Vision Language Models to Versatile GUI Agents17 Jun
  6. 2024DigiRL: Training In-The-Wild Device-Control Agents with Autonomous Reinforcement Learning14 Jun
  7. 2024Fine-Tuning Large Vision-Language Models as Decision-Making Agents via Reinforcement Learning16 May
  8. 2024WebVoyager: Building an End-to-End Web Agent with Large Multimodal Models25 Jan
  9. 2023CogAgent: A Visual Language Model for GUI Agents14 Dec
  10. 2023GPT-4V in Wonderland: Large Multimodal Models for Zero-Shot Smartphone GUI Navigation13 Nov

Other references · 56

  1. 2023GPT-4 Technical Reportcited by 18,396
  2. 2022Training language models to follow instructions with human feedbackcited by 15,971
  3. 2024The Llama 3 Herd of Modelscited by 14,715
  4. 2023Llama 2: Open Foundation and Fine-Tuned Chat Modelscited by 13,028
  5. 2022Chain-of-Thought Prompting Elicits Reasoning in Large Language Modelscited by 12,459
  6. 2024DeepSeekMath: Pushing the Limits of Mathematical Reasoning in Open Language Modelscited by 9,379
  7. 2023Direct Preference Optimization: Your Language Model is Secretly a Reward Modelcited by 8,065
  8. 2023Visual Instruction Tuningcited by 7,869
  9. 2025DeepSeek-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in LLMs via Reinforcement Learningcited by 6,330
  10. 2025Qwen2.5-VL Technical Reportcited by 5,587
  11. 2024Qwen2.5 Technical Reportcited by 4,942
  12. 2024GPT-4o System Cardcited by 4,588
38 more
  1. 2024Qwen2-VL: Enhancing Vision-Language Model's Perception of the World at Any Resolutioncited by 4,234
  2. 2023Voyager: An Open-Ended Embodied Agent with Large Language Modelscited by 2,191
  3. 2019Fine-Tuning Language Models from Human Preferencescited by 2,150
  4. 2015High-Dimensional Continuous Control Using Generalized Advantage Estimationcited by 2,026
  5. 2023WebArena: A Realistic Web Environment for Building Autonomous Agentscited by 2,006
  6. 2021WebGPT: Browser-assisted question-answering with human feedbackcited by 1,745
  7. 2023Mind2Web: Towards a Generalist Agent for the Webcited by 1,242
  8. 2024OSWorld: Benchmarking Multimodal Agents for Open-Ended Tasks in Real Computer Environmentscited by 1,195
  9. 2025UI-TARS: Pioneering Automated GUI Interaction with Native Agentscited by 610
  10. 2024SeeClick: Harnessing GUI Grounding for Advanced Visual GUI Agentscited by 567
  11. 2024GPT-4V(ision) is a Generalist Web Agent, if Groundedcited by 563
  12. 2025Visual-RFT: Visual Reinforcement Fine-Tuningcited by 513
  13. 2024AndroidWorld: A Dynamic Benchmarking Environment for Autonomous Agentscited by 468
  14. 2023AppAgent: Multimodal Agents as Smartphone Userscited by 415
  15. 2023A Real-World WebAgent with Planning, Long Context Understanding, and Program Synthesiscited by 353
  16. 2023Android in the Wild: A Large-Scale Dataset for Android Device Controlcited by 319
  17. 2024WebRL: Training LLM Web Agents via Self-Evolving Online Curriculum Reinforcement Learningcited by 256
  18. 2024ShowUI: One Vision-Language-Action Model for GUI Visual Agentcited by 232
  19. 2024ArCHer: Training Language Model Agents via Hierarchical Multi-Turn RLcited by 228
  20. 2024Agent Q: Advanced Reasoning and Learning for Autonomous AI Agentscited by 208
  21. 2024OS-Copilot: Towards Generalist Computer Agents with Self-Improvementcited by 205
  22. 2023Grounding Large Language Models in Interactive Environments with Online Reinforcement Learningcited by 195
  23. 2024GUIOdyssey: A Comprehensive Dataset for Cross-App GUI Navigation on Mobile Devicescited by 194
  24. 2024Agent S: An Open Agentic Framework that Uses Computers Like a Humancited by 187
  25. 2023You Only Look at Screens: Multimodal Chain-of-Action Agentscited by 185
  26. 2024OS-Genesis: Automating GUI Agent Trajectory Construction via Reverse Task Synthesiscited by 163
  27. 2024Android in the Zoo: Chain-of-Action-Thought for GUI Agentscited by 159
  28. 2025Agent S2: A Compositional Generalist-Specialist Framework for Computer Use Agentscited by 159
  29. 2024OmniACT: A Dataset and Benchmark for Enabling Multimodal Generalist Autonomous Agents for Desktop and Webcited by 157
  30. 2024Autonomous Evaluation and Refinement of Digital Agentscited by 137
  31. 2024AutoWebGLM: A Large Language Model-based Web Navigating Agentcited by 130
  32. 2024AgentTrek: Agent Trajectory Synthesis via Guiding Replay with Web Tutorialscited by 130
  33. 2025AgentRewardBench: Evaluating Automatic Evaluations of Web Agent Trajectoriescited by 108
  34. 2024GUI Agents: A Surveycited by 103
  35. 2024VisualWebBench: How Far Have Multimodal LLMs Evolved in Web Page Understanding and Grounding?cited by 100
  36. 2019BAIL: Best-Action Imitation Learning for Batch Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 91
  37. 2023BOLAA: Benchmarking and Orchestrating LLM-augmented Autonomous Agentscited by 84
  38. 2024OmniParser: A Unified Framework for Text Spotting, Key Information Extraction and Table Recognitioncited by 74

50 most cited of 56 All 56 (JSON)

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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2025: 19; 2026: 50.

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  1. 2025Memory in the Age of AI Agentscited by 303
  2. 2025ReasoningBank: Scaling Agent Self-Evolving with Reasoning Memorycited by 284
  3. 2026CoEvoSkills: Self-Evolving Agent Skills via Co-Evolutionary Verificationcited by 128
  4. 2026Agent Skills for Large Language Models: Architecture, Acquisition, Security, and the Path Forwardcited by 113
  5. 2025Your Agent May Misevolve: Emergent Risks in Self-evolving LLM Agentscited by 62
  6. 2025CapRL: Stimulating Dense Image Caption Capabilities via Reinforcement Learningcited by 38
  7. 2026Gym-Anything: Turn any Software into an Agent Environmentcited by 27
  8. 2025AccelOpt: A Self-Improving LLM Agentic System for AI Accelerator Kernel Optimizationcited by 23
  9. 2026CUA-Gym: Scaling Verifiable Training Environments and Tasks for Computer-Use Agentscited by 23
  10. 2025Auto-scaling Continuous Memory for GUI Agentcited by 20
  11. 2026Self-Improvements in Modern Agentic Systems: A Surveycited by 19
  12. 2025CUARewardBench: A Benchmark for Evaluating Reward Models on Computer-using Agentcited by 18
38 more
  1. 2026Beyond Static Tools: Test-Time Tool Evolution for Scientific Reasoningcited by 15
  2. 2026Skill-R1: Agent Skill Evolution via Reinforcement Learningcited by 15
  3. 2025ARM-Thinker: Reinforcing Multimodal Generative Reward Models with Agentic Tool Use and Visual Reasoningcited by 13
  4. 2025AI Meets Brain: Memory Systems from Cognitive Neuroscience to Autonomous Agentscited by 12
  5. 2026Adaptive Milestone Reward for GUI Agentscited by 12
  6. 2026SEAL: Synergistic Co-Evolution of Agents and Learning Environmentscited by 12
  7. 2026The Granularity Mismatch in Agent Security: Argument-Level Provenance Solves Enforcement and Isolates the LLM Reasoning Bottleneckcited by 11
  8. 2026MementoGUI: Learning Agentic Multimodal Memory Control for Long-Horizon GUI Agentscited by 11
  9. 2025SPARK: Synergistic Policy And Reward Co-Evolving Frameworkcited by 10
  10. 2026OS-Themis: A Scalable Critic Framework for Generalist GUI Rewardscited by 10
  11. 2026Qwen-CUA: Native Computer Use for (almost) Everythingcited by 8
  12. 2026OSExpert: Computer-Use Agents Learning Professional Skills via Explorationcited by 7
  13. 2026MobileForge: Annotation-Free Adaptation for Mobile GUI Agents with Hierarchical Feedback-Guided Policy Optimizationcited by 7
  14. 2026StructAgent: Harness Long-horizon Digital Agents with Unified Causal Structurecited by 7
  15. 2025CODA: Coordinating the Cerebrum and Cerebellum for a Dual-Brain Computer Use Agent with Decoupled Reinforcement Learningcited by 6
  16. 2025Self-Improvement in Multimodal Large Language Models: A Surveycited by 6
  17. 2025OS-Oracle: A Comprehensive Framework for Cross-Platform GUI Critic Modelscited by 6
  18. 2026The Bitter Lesson of Diffusion Language Models for Agentic Workflows: A Comprehensive Reality Checkcited by 6
  19. 2026Autonomous Continual Learning for Environment Adaptation of Computer-Use Agentscited by 6
  20. 2025Using GUI Agent for Electronic Design Automationcited by 5
  21. 2026Visual Self-Refine: A Pixel-Guided Paradigm for Accurate Chart Parsingcited by 5
  22. 2026Learning from Failure: Inference-Time Self-Improvement for Computer-Use Agentscited by 5
  23. 2026Scaling Large Reasoning Models beyond Human Supervision: A Path toward Superintelligencecited by 5
  24. 2026Agentic Reward Modeling: Verifying GUI Agent via Progressive Trajectory-Grounded Interactioncited by 4
  25. 2026PlanViz: Evaluating Planning-Oriented Image Generation and Editing for Computer-Use Taskscited by 4
  26. 2026Self-evolving LLM agents with in-distribution Optimizationcited by 4
  27. 2025"Are We Done Yet?": A Vision-Based Judge for Autonomous Task Completion of Computer Use Agentscited by 3
  28. 2026Video-Based Reward Modeling for Computer-Use Agentscited by 3
  29. 2026CUAAudit: Meta-Evaluation of Vision-Language Models as Auditors of Autonomous Computer-Use Agentscited by 3
  30. 2025Learning from Online Videos at Inference Time for Computer-Use Agentscited by 2
  31. 2025Decouple to Generalize: Context-First Self-Evolving Learning for Data-Scarce Vision-Language Reasoningcited by 2
  32. 2025Mistake Notebook Learning: Batch-Clustered Failures for Training-Free Agent Adaptationcited by 2
  33. 2026Towards AGI A Pragmatic Approach Towards Self Evolving Agentcited by 2
  34. 2026Self-evolving Embodied AIcited by 2
  35. 2026Exploring LLM Agent Designs and Interaction Modalities for Scientific Visualizationcited by 2
  36. 2026MAGE: Multi-Agent Self-Evolution with Co-Evolutionary Knowledge Graphscited by 2
  37. 2026HiLSVA: Design and Evaluation of a Human-in-the-Loop Agentic System for Scientific Visualizationcited by 2
  38. 2026Reflect, Revise, Reuse: Training-Free Skill Evolution for GUI Agentscited by 2

50 most cited of 69 All 69 (JSON)

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  1. 2025Evolving in Tasks: Empowering the Multi-modality Large Language Model as the Computer Use Agent
  2. 2026EvoCUA: Evolving Computer Use Agents via Learning from Scalable Synthetic Experience
  3. 2026SEAR: Self-Evolving Agentic Robotics
  4. 2026Experiential Reflective Learning for Self-Improving LLM Agents
  5. 2026PRACTICE: From Experience to Expertise in Self-Evolving Embodied Agents
  6. 2026Echoverse: Deep, Evolving Environments for Training Computer-Use Agents at Scale
  7. 2026EvoAgentBench: Benchmarking Agent Self-Evolution via Ability Transfer
  8. 2026ExpVoyager: Direct Experience Navigation for Dynamic Agent Skill Synthesis