mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Large Language Models for Education: A Survey and Outlook

arXiv 2403.18105 ↗First posted 26 Mar 2024cs.CL cs.AIcited by 185

Not on the map. Why?

Cited by 25 in LLM agents and tool use, but placed by its own abstract, which didn’t fit.

Abstract (arXiv)

The advent of Large Language Models (LLMs) has brought in a new era of possibilities in the realm of education. This survey paper summarizes the various technologies of LLMs in educational settings from multifaceted perspectives, encompassing student and teacher assistance, adaptive learning, and commercial tools. We systematically review the technological advancements in each perspective, organize related datasets and benchmarks, and identify the risks and challenges associated with deploying LLMs in education. Furthermore, we outline future research opportunities, highlighting the potential promising directions. Our survey aims to provide a comprehensive technological picture for educators, researchers, and policymakers to harness the power of LLMs to revolutionize educational practices and foster a more effective personalized learning environment.

Key facts. Cited by 185 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 80 of its 187 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 26 Mar 2024.

Builds on

80 of 187 references.

References · 80

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  4. 2018Think you have Solved Question Answering? Try ARC, the AI2 Reasoning Challengecited by 4,710
  5. 2023Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Large Language Models: A Surveycited by 2,185
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38 more
  1. 2023AGIEval: A Human-Centric Benchmark for Evaluating Foundation Modelscited by 701
  2. 2023C-Eval: A Multi-Level Multi-Discipline Chinese Evaluation Suite for Foundation Modelscited by 694
  3. 2019MathQA: Towards Interpretable Math Word Problem Solving with Operation-Based Formalismscited by 653
  4. 2023NExT-GPT: Any-to-Any Multimodal LLMcited by 610
  5. 2024Sora: A Review on Background, Technology, Limitations, and Opportunities of Large Vision Modelscited by 467
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  7. 2021Inter-GPS: Interpretable Geometry Problem Solving with Formal Language and Symbolic Reasoningcited by 376
  8. 2024Retrieval-Augmented Generation for AI-Generated Content: A Surveycited by 352
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  10. 2019Deep Learning Recommendation Model for Personalization and Recommendation Systemscited by 327
  11. 2021A Diverse Corpus for Evaluating and Developing English Math Word Problem Solverscited by 314
  12. 2023Exploring the Potential of Large Language Models (LLMs) in Learning on Graphscited by 271
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  14. 2023TheoremQA: A Theorem-driven Question Answering datasetcited by 189
  15. 2023Evaluating the Performance of Large Language Models on GAOKAO Benchmarkcited by 182
  16. 2023How well do Large Language Models perform in Arithmetic tasks?cited by 130
  17. 2020The Tatoeba Translation Challenge -- Realistic Data Sets for Low Resource and Multilingual MTcited by 127
  18. 2023M3Exam: A Multilingual, Multimodal, Multilevel Benchmark for Examining Large Language Modelscited by 109
  19. 2021A Simple Recipe for Multilingual Grammatical Error Correctioncited by 108
  20. 2018An Empirical Study on Learning Bug-Fixing Patches in the Wild via Neural Machine Translationcited by 106
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  23. 2023Red teaming ChatGPT via Jailbreaking: Bias, Robustness, Reliability and Toxicitycited by 86
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  26. 2023How Novices Use LLM-Based Code Generators to Solve CS1 Coding Tasks in a Self-Paced Learning Environmentcited by 55
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50 most cited of 80 All 80 (JSON)

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2024: 30; 2025: 105; 2026: 50.

185 papers.

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  1. 2024Graph Retrieval-Augmented Generation: A Surveycited by 320
  2. 2024Two Tales of Persona in LLMs: A Survey of Role-Playing and Personalizationcited by 203
  3. 2024The Emerged Security and Privacy of LLM Agent: A Survey with Case Studiescited by 127
  4. 2025WritingBench: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Generative Writingcited by 95
  5. 2024A Survey of Large Language Models for Financial Applications: Progress, Prospects and Challengescited by 86
  6. 2025Remember Me, Refine Me: A Dynamic Procedural Memory Framework for Experience-Driven Agent Evolutioncited by 65
  7. 2024Unifying AI Tutor Evaluation: An Evaluation Taxonomy for Pedagogical Ability Assessment of LLM-Powered AI Tutorscited by 60
  8. 2024A Survey of Mathematical Reasoning in the Era of Multimodal Large Language Model: Benchmark, Method & Challengescited by 55
  9. 2025Foot-In-The-Door: A Multi-turn Jailbreak for LLMscited by 50
  10. 2025In-depth Analysis of Graph-based RAG in a Unified Frameworkcited by 45
  11. 2024ErrorRadar: Benchmarking Complex Mathematical Reasoning of Multimodal Large Language Models Via Error Detectioncited by 37
  12. 2025Towards Trustworthy Retrieval Augmented Generation for Large Language Models: A Surveycited by 29
38 more
  1. 2025ArchRAG: Attributed Community-based Hierarchical Retrieval-Augmented Generationcited by 27
  2. 2025WikiBigEdit: Understanding the Limits of Lifelong Knowledge Editing in LLMscited by 25
  3. 2025A Survey on Personalized and Pluralistic Preference Alignment in Large Language Modelscited by 25
  4. 2024Large Language Models for Manufacturingcited by 24
  5. 2025MathAgent: Leveraging a Mixture-of-Math-Agent Framework for Real-World Multimodal Mathematical Error Detectioncited by 24
  6. 2025The Scales of Justitia: A Comprehensive Survey on Safety Evaluation of LLMscited by 24
  7. 2025LLM-powered Multi-agent Framework for Goal-oriented Learning in Intelligent Tutoring Systemcited by 21
  8. 2024Towards the Pedagogical Steering of Large Language Models for Tutoring: A Case Study with Modeling Productive Failurecited by 20
  9. 2025Multi-Agent Debate for LLM Judges with Adaptive Stability Detectioncited by 20
  10. 2024A Survey on Large Language Models from General Purpose to Medical Applications: Datasets, Methodologies, and Evaluationscited by 16
  11. 2025EduBench: A Comprehensive Benchmarking Dataset for Evaluating Large Language Models in Diverse Educational Scenarioscited by 16
  12. 2025BookRAG: A Hierarchical Structure-aware Index-based Approach for Retrieval-Augmented Generation on Complex Documentscited by 16
  13. 2025A Survey on Progress in LLM Alignment from the Perspective of Reward Designcited by 15
  14. 2026A Survey on LLM-based Conversational User Simulationcited by 14
  15. 2025Uni-Retrieval: A Multi-Style Retrieval Framework for STEM's Educationcited by 13
  16. 2025LLM-based Automated Grading with Human-in-the-Loopcited by 13
  17. 2025Persuasion Dynamics in LLMs: Investigating Robustness and Adaptability in Knowledge and Safety with DuET-PDcited by 13
  18. 2024AI-Driven Virtual Teacher for Enhanced Educational Efficiency: Leveraging Large Pretrain Models for Autonomous Error Analysis and Correctioncited by 12
  19. 2026Memory in the LLM Era: Modular Architectures and Strategies in a Unified Frameworkcited by 12
  20. 2024Combining Large Language Models with Tutoring System Intelligence: A Case Study in Caregiver Homework Supportcited by 11
  21. 2025A Novel Approach to Scalable and Automatic Topic-Controlled Question Generation in Educationcited by 11
  22. 2025Temporalizing Confidence: Evaluation of Chain-of-Thought Reasoning with Signal Temporal Logiccited by 11
  23. 2024Foundation Models for Education: Promises and Prospectscited by 10
  24. 2024FoodSky: A Food-oriented Large Language Model that Passes the Chef and Dietetic Examinationcited by 10
  25. 2025Can Vision-Language Models Evaluate Handwritten Math?cited by 10
  26. 2025Gatekeeper: Improving Model Cascades Through Confidence Tuningcited by 10
  27. 2025Distributed LLMs and Multimodal Large Language Models: A Survey on Advances, Challenges, and Future Directionscited by 10
  28. 2024The Dark Patterns of Personalized Persuasion in Large Language Models: Exposing Persuasive Linguistic Features for Big Five Personality Traits in LLMs Responsescited by 9
  29. 2025Which Type of Students can LLMs Act? Investigating Authentic Simulation with Graph-based Human-AI Collaborative Systemcited by 9
  30. 202534 Examples of LLM Applications in Materials Science and Chemistry: Towards Automation, Assistants, Agents, and Accelerated Scientific Discoverycited by 9
  31. 2025Exposing LLM User Privacy via Traffic Fingerprint Analysis: A Study of Privacy Risks in LLM Agent Interactionscited by 9
  32. 2024Explainable Few-shot Knowledge Tracingcited by 8
  33. 2024A Systematic Review on Prompt Engineering in Large Language Models for K-12 STEM Educationcited by 8
  34. 2024Reflections from the 2024 Large Language Model (LLM) Hackathon for Applications in Materials Science and Chemistrycited by 8
  35. 2025Investigating CoT Monitorability in Large Reasoning Modelscited by 8
  36. 2024LLMs in Education: Novel Perspectives, Challenges, and Opportunitiescited by 7
  37. 2025VTutor: An Open-Source SDK for Generative AI-Powered Animated Pedagogical Agents with Multi-Media Outputcited by 7
  38. 2025Shadow-FT: Tuning Instruct Model via Training on Paired Base Modelcited by 7

50 most cited of 185 All 185 (JSON)