Improving Human Verification of LLM Reasoning through Interactive Explanation Interfaces
On the map: LLM reasoning → Prompting and chain-of-thought reasoning
Abstract (arXiv)
The reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) have led to their increasing employment in several critical applications, particularly education, where they support problem-solving, tutoring, and personalized study. Chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning capabilities [1, 2] are well-known to help LLMs decompose a problem into steps and explore the solution spaces more effectively, leading to impressive performance on mathematical and reasoning benchmarks. As the length of CoT tokens per question increases substantially to even thousands of tokens per question [ 1], it is unknown how users could comprehend LLM reasoning and detect errors or hallucinations. To address this problem and understand how reasoning can improve human-AI interaction, we present three new interactive reasoning interfaces: interactive CoT (iCoT), interactive Program-of-Thought (iPoT), and interactive Graph (iGraph). That is, we ask LLMs themselves to generate an interactive web interface wrapped around the original CoT content, which may be presented in text (iCoT), graphs (iGraph) or code (iPoT). This interface allows users to interact with and provide a novel experience in reading and validating the reasoning chains of LLMs. Across a study of 125 participants, interactive interfaces significantly improve user performance. Specifically, iGraph users score the highest error detection rate (85.6%), followed by iPoT (82.5%), iCoT (80.6%), all outperforming standard CoT (73.5%). Interactive interfaces also lead to faster user validation time-iGraph users are faster (57.9 secs per question) than the users of iCoT and iPoT (60 secs) and the standard CoT (64.7 secs). A post-study questionnaire shows that users prefer iGraph, citing its superior ability to enable them to follow the LLM's reasoning. We discuss the implications of these results and provide recommendations for the future design of reasoning models.
Key facts. Cited by 7 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Prompting and chain-of-thought reasoning, one of 17 directions in LLM reasoning. Builds on 38 of its 59 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 27 Oct 2025.
Builds on
38 of 59 references.
Closest ancestors · 8
Same direction, newest first
- 2025HoT: Highlighted Chain of Thought for Referencing Supporting Facts from Inputs3 Mar
- 2024Chain-of-Thought Reasoning Without Prompting15 Feb
- 2023Language Models Don't Always Say What They Think: Unfaithful Explanations in Chain-of-Thought Prompting7 May
- 2022Towards Understanding Chain-of-Thought Prompting: An Empirical Study of What Matters20 Dec
- 2022Program of Thoughts Prompting: Disentangling Computation from Reasoning for Numerical Reasoning Tasks22 Nov
- 2022Automatic Chain of Thought Prompting in Large Language Models7 Oct
- 2022Large Language Models are Zero-Shot Reasoners24 May
- 2022Chain-of-Thought Prompting Elicits Reasoning in Large Language Models28 Jan
Other references · 30
- 2021Training Verifiers to Solve Math Word Problemscited by 9,743
- 2025DeepSeek-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in LLMs via Reinforcement Learningcited by 6,146
- 2017Explanation in Artificial Intelligence: Insights from the Social Sciencescited by 1,201
- 2023Explainability for Large Language Models: A Surveycited by 331
- 2024Large Language Models for Education: A Survey and Outlookcited by 185
- 2021Human-Centered Explainable AI (XAI): From Algorithms to User Experiencescited by 123
- 2024Concise Thoughts: Impact of Output Length on LLM Reasoning and Costcited by 108
- 2024Faithfulness vs. Plausibility: On the (Un)Reliability of Explanations from Large Language Modelscited by 104
- 2022Towards Human-centered Explainable AI: A Survey of User Studies for Model Explanationscited by 84
- 2018How do Humans Understand Explanations from Machine Learning Systems? An Evaluation of the Human-Interpretability of Explanationcited by 71
- 2023Graphologue: Exploring Large Language Model Responses with Interactive Diagramscited by 65
- 2022"Help Me Help the AI": Understanding How Explainability Can Support Human-AI Interactioncited by 63
18 more
- 2022Leveraging Explanations in Interactive Machine Learning: An Overviewcited by 52
- 2023In Search of Verifiability: Explanations Rarely Enable Complementary Performance in AI-Advised Decision Makingcited by 50
- 2024Evaluating LLMs at Detecting Errors in LLM Responsescited by 49
- 2024Evaluating Mathematical Reasoning of Large Language Models: A Focus on Error Identification and Correctioncited by 45
- 2024Properties and Challenges of LLM-Generated Explanationscited by 24
- 2024Interpretable LLM-based Table Question Answeringcited by 18
- 2025A Survey on Mathematical Reasoning and Optimization with Large Language Modelscited by 12
- 2020Don't Explain without Verifying Veracity: An Evaluation of Explainable AI with Video Activity Recognitioncited by 11
- 2025S-Chain: Structured Visual Chain-of-Thought For Medicinecited by 10
- 2025Investigating the Shortcomings of LLMs in Step-by-Step Legal Reasoningcited by 9
- 2023iBall: Augmenting Basketball Videos with Gaze-moderated Embedded Visualizationscited by 6
- 2023Interactive Explanation with Varying Level of Details in an Explainable Scientific Literature Recommender Systemcited by 5
- 2024Allowing humans to interactively guide machines where to look does not always improve human-AI team's classification accuracycited by 5
- 2018Progressive Disclosure: Designing for Effective Transparencycited by 3
- 2019Improved Explanatory Efficacy on Human Affect and Workload through Interactive Process in Artificial Intelligencecited by 3
- 2023Chatbots put to the test in math and logic problems: A preliminary comparison and assessment of ChatGPT-3.5, ChatGPT-4, and Google Bardcited by 3
- 2025Examining the Role of LLM-Driven Interactions on Attention and Cognitive Engagement in Virtual Classroomscited by 1
- 2025Human-Centered Explainability in Interactive Information Systems: A Surveycited by 1
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2026: 7.
7 papers.
- 2026Architecting Trust in Artificial Epistemic Agentscited by 3
- 2026When the Chain Breaks: Interactive Diagnosis of LLM Chain-of-Thought Reasoning Errorscited by 1
- 2026HANSEL: Extracting Breadcrumbs from Web Agent Trajectories for Interactive Verificationcited by 1
- 2026ReasoningLens: Hierarchical Visualization and Diagnostic Auditing for Large Reasoning Modelscited by 1
- 2026Justified or Just Convincing? Error Verifiability as a Dimension of LLM Qualitycited by 0
- 2026SketchVLM: Vision language models can annotate images to explain thoughts and guide userscited by 0
- 2026Do Reasoning Representations Help Humans Evaluate LLM Outputs?cited by 0
- 2026Do Reasoning Representations Help Humans Evaluate LLM Outputs?8 Sep 2026
- 2026ReasoningLens: Hierarchical Visualization and Diagnostic Auditing for Large Reasoning Models22 Jun 2026
- 2026HANSEL: Extracting Breadcrumbs from Web Agent Trajectories for Interactive Verification17 Jun 2026
- 2026SketchVLM: Vision language models can annotate images to explain thoughts and guide users23 Apr 2026
- 2026Justified or Just Convincing? Error Verifiability as a Dimension of LLM Quality6 Apr 2026
- 2026When the Chain Breaks: Interactive Diagnosis of LLM Chain-of-Thought Reasoning Errors22 Mar 2026
- 2026Architecting Trust in Artificial Epistemic Agents3 Mar 2026
Similar, not cited
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- 2025Vis-CoT: A Human-in-the-Loop Framework for Interactive Visualization and Intervention in LLM Chain-of-Thought Reasoning
- 2026Deep Interaction: An Efficient Human-AI Interaction Method for Large Reasoning Models
- 2024How Likely Do LLMs with CoT Mimic Human Reasoning?
- 2025Reasoning Beyond Language: A Comprehensive Survey on Latent Chain-of-Thought Reasoning
- 2026Hierarchical Chain-of-Thought: Enhancing LLM Reasoning Performance and Efficiency
- 2025Interactive Reasoning: Visualizing and Controlling Chain-of-Thought Reasoning in Large Language Models
- 2026Improving LLM Interpretability with User-Centric Chain-of-Thought Reasoning
- 2023Igniting Language Intelligence: The Hitchhiker's Guide From Chain-of-Thought Reasoning to Language Agents