ChatGPT: The End of Online Exam Integrity?
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Abstract (arXiv)
This study evaluated the ability of ChatGPT, a recently developed artificial intelligence (AI) agent, to perform high-level cognitive tasks and produce text that is indistinguishable from human-generated text. This capacity raises concerns about the potential use of ChatGPT as a tool for academic misconduct in online exams. The study found that ChatGPT is capable of exhibiting critical thinking skills and generating highly realistic text with minimal input, making it a potential threat to the integrity of online exams, particularly in tertiary education settings where such exams are becoming more prevalent. Returning to invigilated and oral exams could form part of the solution, while using advanced proctoring techniques and AI-text output detectors may be effective in addressing this issue, they are not likely to be foolproof solutions. Further research is needed to fully understand the implications of large language models like ChatGPT and to devise strategies for combating the risk of cheating using these tools. It is crucial for educators and institutions to be aware of the possibility of ChatGPT being used for cheating and to investigate measures to address it in order to maintain the fairness and validity of online exams for all students.
Key facts. Cited by 88 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 4 of its 79 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 19 Dec 2022.
Builds on
4 of 79 references.
References · 4
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- 2022Can large language models reason about medical questions?cited by 194
- 2022Faithful Reasoning Using Large Language Modelscited by 130
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Citing papers per year: 2023: 51; 2024: 24; 2025: 8; 2026: 5.
88 papers.
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- 2023A Survey of Large Language Modelscited by 2,537
- 2023A Multitask, Multilingual, Multimodal Evaluation of ChatGPT on Reasoning, Hallucination, and Interactivitycited by 888
- 2023How Close is ChatGPT to Human Experts? Comparison Corpus, Evaluation, and Detectioncited by 472
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- 2023A Categorical Archive of ChatGPT Failurescited by 167
- 2023Summary of ChatGPT-Related Research and Perspective Towards the Future of Large Language Modelscited by 152
- 2023Domain Specialization as the Key to Make Large Language Models Disruptive: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 134
- 2023Evaluating ChatGPT's Information Extraction Capabilities: An Assessment of Performance, Explainability, Calibration, and Faithfulnesscited by 130
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- 2023A Survey on LLM-Generated Text Detection: Necessity, Methods, and Future Directionscited by 101
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- 2023ChatGPT is not all you need. A State of the Art Review of large Generative AI modelscited by 85
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- 2024A Complete Survey on LLM-based AI Chatbotscited by 71
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- 2023ChatCounselor: A Large Language Models for Mental Health Supportcited by 44
- 2024Peer Review as A Multi-Turn and Long-Context Dialogue with Role-Based Interactionscited by 43
- 2023ChatGPT Evaluation on Sentence Level Relations: A Focus on Temporal, Causal, and Discourse Relationscited by 39
- 2024DetectRL: Benchmarking LLM-Generated Text Detection in Real-World Scenarioscited by 37
- 2023In ChatGPT We Trust? Measuring and Characterizing the Reliability of ChatGPTcited by 35
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- 2023Self-Consistent Narrative Prompts on Abductive Natural Language Inferencecited by 11
- 2024Online Detection of LLM-Generated Texts via Sequential Hypothesis Testing by Bettingcited by 11
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50 most cited of 88 All 88 (JSON)
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- 2025Evaluation of LLMs for mathematical problem solving30 May 2025
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- 2024DetectRL: Benchmarking LLM-Generated Text Detection in Real-World Scenarios31 Oct 2024
- 2024Online Detection of LLM-Generated Texts via Sequential Hypothesis Testing by Betting29 Oct 2024
- 2024Auto-assessment of assessment: A conceptual framework towards fulfilling the policy gaps in academic assessment practices28 Oct 2024
- 2024ECon: On the Detection and Resolution of Evidence Conflicts5 Oct 2024
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- 2024Mentigo: An Intelligent Agent for Mentoring Students in the Creative Problem Solving Process21 Sep 2024
- 2024LLM-DetectAIve: a Tool for Fine-Grained Machine-Generated Text Detection8 Aug 2024
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- 2024A Complete Survey on LLM-based AI Chatbots17 Jun 2024
- 2024Peer Review as A Multi-Turn and Long-Context Dialogue with Role-Based Interactions9 Jun 2024
- 2024The Battle of LLMs: A Comparative Study in Conversational QA Tasks28 May 2024
- 2024Tokenization Matters! Degrading Large Language Models through Challenging Their Tokenization27 May 2024
- 2024The AI Companion in Education: Analyzing the Pedagogical Potential of ChatGPT in Computer Science and Engineering23 Apr 2024
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- 2024ChatGPT Role-play Dataset: Analysis of User Motives and Model Naturalness26 Mar 2024
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- 2024Mapping the Ethics of Generative AI: A Comprehensive Scoping Review13 Feb 2024
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- 2024Applications, challenges and ethical issues of AI and ChatGPT in education22 Jan 2024
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- 2024Assessing AI Detectors in Identifying AI-Generated Code: Implications for Education8 Jan 2024
- 2023Can ChatGPT be Your Personal Medical Assistant?19 Dec 2023
- 2023From Google Gemini to OpenAI Q* (Q-Star): A Survey of Reshaping the Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) Research Landscape18 Dec 2023
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- 2023A Survey on LLM-Generated Text Detection: Necessity, Methods, and Future Directions23 Oct 2023
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- 2023Public Perceptions of Gender Bias in Large Language Models: Cases of ChatGPT and Ernie17 Sep 2023
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- 2023How to Design and Deliver Courses for Higher Education in the AI Era: Insights from Exam Data Analysis22 Jul 2023
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- 2024Mentigo: An Intelligent Agent for Mentoring Students in the Creative Problem Solving Processcited by 3
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- 2025Structuring the Unstructured: A Systematic Review of Text-to-Structure Generation for Agentic AI with a Universal Evaluation Framework17 Aug 2025
- 2024Mentigo: An Intelligent Agent for Mentoring Students in the Creative Problem Solving Process21 Sep 2024
- 2024Evaluating and Enhancing LLMs Agent based on Theory of Mind in Guandan: A Multi-Player Cooperative Game under Imperfect Information5 Aug 2024
- 2023A Multitask, Multilingual, Multimodal Evaluation of ChatGPT on Reasoning, Hallucination, and Interactivitycited by 888
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- 2024Image First or Text First? Optimising the Sequencing of Modalities in Large Language Model Prompting and Reasoning Taskscited by 2
- 2024Image First or Text First? Optimising the Sequencing of Modalities in Large Language Model Prompting and Reasoning Tasks4 Oct 2024
- 2023Large Language Models Need Holistically Thought in Medical Conversational QA9 May 2023
- 2023A Multitask, Multilingual, Multimodal Evaluation of ChatGPT on Reasoning, Hallucination, and Interactivity8 Feb 2023
- 2023A Survey of Large Language Modelscited by 2,537
- 2023How Close is ChatGPT to Human Experts? Comparison Corpus, Evaluation, and Detectioncited by 472
- 2023ChatIE: Zero-Shot Information Extraction via Chatting with ChatGPTcited by 250
- 2023On the Robustness of ChatGPT: An Adversarial and Out-of-distribution Perspectivecited by 208
- 2023ChatGPT: Jack of all trades, master of nonecited by 204
- 2023ChatGPT Beyond English: Towards a Comprehensive Evaluation of Large Language Models in Multilingual Learningcited by 203
- 2024Large Language Models for Education: A Survey and Outlookcited by 185
- 2023A Categorical Archive of ChatGPT Failurescited by 167
- 2023Summary of ChatGPT-Related Research and Perspective Towards the Future of Large Language Modelscited by 152
- 2023Domain Specialization as the Key to Make Large Language Models Disruptive: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 134
- 2023Evaluating ChatGPT's Information Extraction Capabilities: An Assessment of Performance, Explainability, Calibration, and Faithfulnesscited by 130
- 2023AugGPT: Leveraging ChatGPT for Text Data Augmentationcited by 128
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- 2026Assessment Design in the AI Era: A Method for Identifying Items Functioning Differentially for Humans and Chatbots24 Mar 2026
- 2026Evaluating ChatGPT on Medical Information Extraction Tasks: Performance, Explainability and Beyond29 Jan 2026
- 2025EduAdapt: A Question Answer Benchmark Dataset for Evaluating Grade-Level Adaptability in LLMs20 Oct 2025
- 2025Unpacking Generative AI in Education: Computational Modeling of Teacher and Student Perspectives in Social Media Discourse19 Jun 2025
- 2025XToM: Exploring the Multilingual Theory of Mind for Large Language Models3 Jun 2025
- 2025Evaluation of LLMs for mathematical problem solving30 May 2025
- 2025Local Differences, Global Lessons: Insights from Organisation Policies for International Legislation19 Feb 2025
- 2025Using Large Language Models for education managements in Vietnamese with low resources25 Jan 2025
- 2024Applying IRT to Distinguish Between Human and Generative AI Responses to Multiple-Choice Assessments28 Nov 2024
- 2024ChatGPT in Research and Education: Exploring Benefits and Threats5 Nov 2024
- 2024DetectRL: Benchmarking LLM-Generated Text Detection in Real-World Scenarios31 Oct 2024
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