AirPlanes: Accurate Plane Estimation via 3D-Consistent Embeddings
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
Extracting planes from a 3D scene is useful for downstream tasks in robotics and augmented reality. In this paper we tackle the problem of estimating the planar surfaces in a scene from posed images. Our first finding is that a surprisingly competitive baseline results from combining popular clustering algorithms with recent improvements in 3D geometry estimation. However, such purely geometric methods are understandably oblivious to plane semantics, which are crucial to discerning distinct planes. To overcome this limitation, we propose a method that predicts multi-view consistent plane embeddings that complement geometry when clustering points into planes. We show through extensive evaluation on the ScanNetV2 dataset that our new method outperforms existing approaches and our strong geometric baseline for the task of plane estimation.
Key facts. Cited by 13 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 51 of its 89 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 13 Jun 2024.
Builds on
51 of 89 references.
References · 51
- 2021Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervisioncited by 33,456
- 2020An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at Scalecited by 29,915
- 2017ScanNet: Richly-annotated 3D Reconstructions of Indoor Scenescited by 3,088
- 2019DeepSDF: Learning Continuous Signed Distance Functions for Shape Representationcited by 2,682
- 2020Implicit Neural Representations with Periodic Activation Functionscited by 2,214
- 2018Occupancy Networks: Learning 3D Reconstruction in Function Spacecited by 2,037
- 2021NeuS: Learning Neural Implicit Surfaces by Volume Rendering for Multi-view Reconstructioncited by 1,701
- 20194D Spatio-Temporal ConvNets: Minkowski Convolutional Neural Networkscited by 1,201
- 2021UNISURF: Unifying Neural Implicit Surfaces and Radiance Fields for Multi-View Reconstructioncited by 643
- 2021NICE-SLAM: Neural Implicit Scalable Encoding for SLAMcited by 586
- 2022OpenScene: 3D Scene Understanding with Open Vocabulariescited by 556
- 2023LERF: Language Embedded Radiance Fieldscited by 538
38 more
- 2021iMAP: Implicit Mapping and Positioning in Real-Timecited by 476
- 2022MonoSDF: Exploring Monocular Geometric Cues for Neural Implicit Surface Reconstructioncited by 467
- 2021In-Place Scene Labelling and Understanding with Implicit Scene Representationcited by 411
- 2019From Big to Small: Multi-Scale Local Planar Guidance for Monocular Depth Estimationcited by 379
- 2022Decomposing NeRF for Editing via Feature Field Distillationcited by 370
- 2018DeepMVS: Learning Multi-view Stereopsiscited by 277
- 2022Panoptic Neural Fields: A Semantic Object-Aware Neural Scene Representationcited by 243
- 2021NeuralRecon: Real-Time Coherent 3D Reconstruction from Monocular Videocited by 241
- 2020Atlas: End-to-End 3D Scene Reconstruction from Posed Imagescited by 206
- 2022Panoptic Lifting for 3D Scene Understanding with Neural Fieldscited by 171
- 2023GO-SLAM: Global Optimization for Consistent 3D Instant Reconstructioncited by 132
- 2021TransformerFusion: Monocular RGB Scene Reconstruction using Transformerscited by 107
- 2018PlaneRCNN: 3D Plane Detection and Reconstruction from a Single Imagecited by 105
- 2017ScanComplete: Large-Scale Scene Completion and Semantic Segmentation for 3D Scanscited by 103
- 2019Learning to Infer Implicit Surfaces without 3D Supervisioncited by 103
- 2019PanopticFusion: Online Volumetric Semantic Mapping at the Level of Stuff and Thingscited by 97
- 2022SimpleRecon: 3D Reconstruction Without 3D Convolutionscited by 83
- 2018PlaneNet: Piece-wise Planar Reconstruction from a Single RGB Imagecited by 77
- 2020DeepVideoMVS: Multi-View Stereo on Video with Recurrent Spatio-Temporal Fusioncited by 68
- 2019Single-Image Piece-wise Planar 3D Reconstruction via Associative Embeddingcited by 56
- 2020FroDO: From Detections to 3D Objectscited by 51
- 2023NDDepth: Normal-Distance Assisted Monocular Depth Estimationcited by 45
- 2018Fully-Convolutional Point Networks for Large-Scale Point Cloudscited by 44
- 2020P2Net: Patch-match and Plane-regularization for Unsupervised Indoor Depth Estimationcited by 41
- 2021Planar Surface Reconstruction from Sparse Viewscited by 40
- 2021Panoptic Multi-TSDFs: a Flexible Representation for Online Multi-resolution Volumetric Mapping and Long-term Dynamic Scene Consistencycited by 38
- 2021PlaneTR: Structure-Guided Transformers for 3D Plane Recoverycited by 33
- 2022PlaneMVS: 3D Plane Reconstruction from Multi-View Stereocited by 29
- 2022PlanarRecon: Real-time 3D Plane Detection and Reconstruction from Posed Monocular Videoscited by 27
- 2022PlaneFormers: From Sparse View Planes to 3D Reconstructioncited by 26
- 2023VL-Fields: Towards Language-Grounded Neural Implicit Spatial Representationscited by 23
- 2022NOPE-SAC: Neural One-Plane RANSAC for Sparse-View Planar 3D Reconstructioncited by 21
- 2021Cuboids Revisited: Learning Robust 3D Shape Fitting to Single RGB Imagescited by 17
- 2023FineRecon: Depth-aware Feed-forward Network for Detailed 3D Reconstructioncited by 16
- 2022MonteBoxFinder: Detecting and Filtering Primitives to Fit a Noisy Point Cloudcited by 11
- 2022GPR-Net: Multi-view Layout Estimation via a Geometry-aware Panorama Registration Networkcited by 10
- 2021MVLayoutNet:3D layout reconstruction with multi-view panoramascited by 6
- 2023Estimating Generic 3D Room Structures from 2D Annotationscited by 6
50 most cited of 51 All 51 (JSON)
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2024: 1; 2025: 7; 2026: 5.
13 papers.
Sort:
By area:
- 2024PlanarSplatting: Accurate Planar Surface Reconstruction in 3 Minutescited by 13
- 2025G4Splat: Geometry-Guided Gaussian Splatting with Generative Priorcited by 10
- 2025Towards In-the-wild 3D Plane Reconstruction from a Single Imagecited by 6
- 2025PLANA3R: Zero-shot Metric Planar 3D Reconstruction via Feed-Forward Planar Splattingcited by 5
- 2025PixCuboid: Room Layout Estimation from Multi-view Featuremetric Alignmentcited by 2
- 20253D Gaussian Flats: Hybrid 2D/3D Photometric Scene Reconstructioncited by 2
- 2026PLANING: A Loosely Coupled Triangle-Gaussian Framework for Streaming 3D Reconstructioncited by 2
- 2025GSPlane: Concise and Accurate Planar Reconstruction via Structured Representationcited by 1
- 2025PlanarGS: High-Fidelity Indoor 3D Gaussian Splatting Guided by Vision-Language Planar Priorscited by 1
- 2026Interacted Planes Reveal 3D Line Mappingcited by 1
- 2026VFM-Recon: Unlocking Cross-Domain Scene-Level Neural Reconstruction with Scale-Aligned Foundation Priorscited by 0
- 2026PlanaReLoc: Camera Relocalization in 3D Planar Primitives via Region-Based Structure Matchingcited by 0
1 more
- 2026TopoGS: Planar Reconstruction via Topology-aware 3D Gaussian Splatting18 Jul 2026
- 2026PlanaReLoc: Camera Relocalization in 3D Planar Primitives via Region-Based Structure Matching21 Mar 2026
- 2026VFM-Recon: Unlocking Cross-Domain Scene-Level Neural Reconstruction with Scale-Aligned Foundation Priors13 Mar 2026
- 2026Interacted Planes Reveal 3D Line Mapping1 Feb 2026
- 2026PLANING: A Loosely Coupled Triangle-Gaussian Framework for Streaming 3D Reconstruction29 Jan 2026
- 2025PlanarGS: High-Fidelity Indoor 3D Gaussian Splatting Guided by Vision-Language Planar Priors27 Oct 2025
- 2025PLANA3R: Zero-shot Metric Planar 3D Reconstruction via Feed-Forward Planar Splatting21 Oct 2025
- 2025GSPlane: Concise and Accurate Planar Reconstruction via Structured Representation20 Oct 2025
- 2025G4Splat: Geometry-Guided Gaussian Splatting with Generative Prior14 Oct 2025
- 20253D Gaussian Flats: Hybrid 2D/3D Photometric Scene Reconstruction19 Sep 2025
- 2025PixCuboid: Room Layout Estimation from Multi-view Featuremetric Alignment6 Aug 2025
- 2025Towards In-the-wild 3D Plane Reconstruction from a Single Image3 Jun 2025
1 more
- 2024PlanarSplatting: Accurate Planar Surface Reconstruction in 3 Minutescited by 13
- 2025Towards In-the-wild 3D Plane Reconstruction from a Single Imagecited by 6
- 2025PLANA3R: Zero-shot Metric Planar 3D Reconstruction via Feed-Forward Planar Splattingcited by 5
- 2025PixCuboid: Room Layout Estimation from Multi-view Featuremetric Alignmentcited by 2
- 20253D Gaussian Flats: Hybrid 2D/3D Photometric Scene Reconstructioncited by 2
- 2026PLANING: A Loosely Coupled Triangle-Gaussian Framework for Streaming 3D Reconstructioncited by 2
- 2025GSPlane: Concise and Accurate Planar Reconstruction via Structured Representationcited by 1
- 2025PlanarGS: High-Fidelity Indoor 3D Gaussian Splatting Guided by Vision-Language Planar Priorscited by 1
- 2026Interacted Planes Reveal 3D Line Mappingcited by 1
- 2026VFM-Recon: Unlocking Cross-Domain Scene-Level Neural Reconstruction with Scale-Aligned Foundation Priorscited by 0
- 2026PlanaReLoc: Camera Relocalization in 3D Planar Primitives via Region-Based Structure Matchingcited by 0
- 2026TopoGS: Planar Reconstruction via Topology-aware 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 0
- 2026TopoGS: Planar Reconstruction via Topology-aware 3D Gaussian Splatting18 Jul 2026
- 2026PlanaReLoc: Camera Relocalization in 3D Planar Primitives via Region-Based Structure Matching21 Mar 2026
- 2026VFM-Recon: Unlocking Cross-Domain Scene-Level Neural Reconstruction with Scale-Aligned Foundation Priors13 Mar 2026
- 2026Interacted Planes Reveal 3D Line Mapping1 Feb 2026
- 2026PLANING: A Loosely Coupled Triangle-Gaussian Framework for Streaming 3D Reconstruction29 Jan 2026
- 2025PlanarGS: High-Fidelity Indoor 3D Gaussian Splatting Guided by Vision-Language Planar Priors27 Oct 2025
- 2025PLANA3R: Zero-shot Metric Planar 3D Reconstruction via Feed-Forward Planar Splatting21 Oct 2025
- 2025GSPlane: Concise and Accurate Planar Reconstruction via Structured Representation20 Oct 2025
- 20253D Gaussian Flats: Hybrid 2D/3D Photometric Scene Reconstruction19 Sep 2025
- 2025PixCuboid: Room Layout Estimation from Multi-view Featuremetric Alignment6 Aug 2025
- 2025Towards In-the-wild 3D Plane Reconstruction from a Single Image3 Jun 2025
- 2024PlanarSplatting: Accurate Planar Surface Reconstruction in 3 Minutes4 Dec 2024