MonoRec: Semi-Supervised Dense Reconstruction in Dynamic Environments from a Single Moving Camera
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Abstract (arXiv)
In this paper, we propose MonoRec, a semi-supervised monocular dense reconstruction architecture that predicts depth maps from a single moving camera in dynamic environments. MonoRec is based on a multi-view stereo setting which encodes the information of multiple consecutive images in a cost volume. To deal with dynamic objects in the scene, we introduce a MaskModule that predicts moving object masks by leveraging the photometric inconsistencies encoded in the cost volumes. Unlike other multi-view stereo methods, MonoRec is able to reconstruct both static and moving objects by leveraging the predicted masks. Furthermore, we present a novel multi-stage training scheme with a semi-supervised loss formulation that does not require LiDAR depth values. We carefully evaluate MonoRec on the KITTI dataset and show that it achieves state-of-the-art performance compared to both multi-view and single-view methods. With the model trained on KITTI, we further demonstrate that MonoRec is able to generalize well to both the Oxford RobotCar dataset and the more challenging TUM-Mono dataset recorded by a handheld camera. Code and related materials will be available at https://vision.in.tum.de/research/monorec.
Key facts. Cited by 59 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 24 Nov 2020.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 3; 2022: 14; 2023: 20; 2024: 12; 2025: 7; 2026: 3.
59 papers.
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- 2021The Temporal Opportunist: Self-Supervised Multi-Frame Monocular Depthcited by 190
- 2022SimpleRecon: 3D Reconstruction Without 3D Convolutionscited by 83
- 2022Multi-Frame Self-Supervised Depth with Transformerscited by 64
- 2023Behind the Scenes: Density Fields for Single View Reconstructioncited by 63
- 2022Physical Attack on Monocular Depth Estimation with Optimal Adversarial Patchescited by 57
- 2022STS: Surround-view Temporal Stereo for Multi-view 3D Detectioncited by 53
- 2022Disentangling Object Motion and Occlusion for Unsupervised Multi-frame Monocular Depthcited by 48
- 2021TANDEM: Tracking and Dense Mapping in Real-time using Deep Multi-view Stereocited by 39
- 2023R3D3: Dense 3D Reconstruction of Dynamic Scenes from Multiple Camerascited by 39
- 2023Self-supervised Monocular Depth Estimation: Let's Talk About The Weathercited by 33
- 2024Adaptive Fusion of Single-View and Multi-View Depth for Autonomous Drivingcited by 30
- 2021Attention meets Geometry: Geometry Guided Spatial-Temporal Attention for Consistent Self-Supervised Monocular Depth Estimationcited by 27
38 more
- 2023S4C: Self-Supervised Semantic Scene Completion with Neural Fieldscited by 27
- 2025MVSAnywhere: Zero-Shot Multi-View Stereocited by 26
- 2023Learning to Fuse Monocular and Multi-view Cues for Multi-frame Depth Estimation in Dynamic Scenescited by 25
- 2022Are We Ready for Vision-Centric Driving Streaming Perception? The ASAP Benchmarkcited by 24
- 2023MACARONS: Mapping And Coverage Anticipation with RGB Online Self-Supervisioncited by 18
- 2023Adversarial Training of Self-supervised Monocular Depth Estimation against Physical-World Attackscited by 17
- 2023CVRecon: Rethinking 3D Geometric Feature Learning For Neural Reconstructioncited by 16
- 2022Crafting Monocular Cues and Velocity Guidance for Self-Supervised Multi-Frame Depth Learningcited by 12
- 2023SAAM: Stealthy Adversarial Attack on Monocular Depth Estimationcited by 12
- 2023Manydepth2: Motion-Aware Self-Supervised Monocular Depth Estimation in Dynamic Scenescited by 12
- 2023APARATE: Adaptive Adversarial Patch for CNN-based Monocular Depth Estimation for Autonomous Navigationcited by 10
- 2024M2Depth: Self-supervised Two-Frame Multi-camera Metric Depth Estimationcited by 10
- 2024DualPM: Dual Posed-Canonical Point Maps for 3D Shape and Pose Reconstructioncited by 10
- 2023SPEAL: Skeletal Prior Embedded Attention Learning for Cross-Source Point Cloud Registrationcited by 9
- 2022Mind The Edge: Refining Depth Edges in Sparsely-Supervised Monocular Depth Estimationcited by 8
- 2023DS-Depth: Dynamic and Static Depth Estimation via a Fusion Cost Volumecited by 8
- 2024DurLAR: A High-fidelity 128-channel LiDAR Dataset with Panoramic Ambient and Reflectivity Imagery for Multi-modal Autonomous Driving Applicationscited by 7
- 2022A Low Memory Footprint Quantized Neural Network for Depth Completion of Very Sparse Time-of-Flight Depth Mapscited by 6
- 2024Boosting Self-Supervision for Single-View Scene Completion via Knowledge Distillationcited by 6
- 2024ProDepth: Boosting Self-Supervised Multi-Frame Monocular Depth with Probabilistic Fusioncited by 6
- 2024Self-supervised Adversarial Training of Monocular Depth Estimation against Physical-World Attackscited by 5
- 2022Vision-based Large-scale 3D Semantic Mapping for Autonomous Driving Applicationscited by 4
- 2022Globally Consistent Video Depth and Pose Estimation with Efficient Test-Time Trainingcited by 4
- 2024SSAP: A Shape-Sensitive Adversarial Patch for Comprehensive Disruption of Monocular Depth Estimation in Autonomous Navigation Applicationscited by 4
- 2024WaterMono: Teacher-Guided Anomaly Masking and Enhancement Boosting for Robust Underwater Self-Supervised Monocular Depth Estimationcited by 4
- 2025LoGoPlanner: Localization Grounded Navigation Policy with Metric-aware Visual Geometrycited by 4
- 2022Revisiting PatchMatch Multi-View Stereo for Urban 3D Reconstructioncited by 3
- 2024BadPart: Unified Black-box Adversarial Patch Attacks against Pixel-wise Regression Taskscited by 3
- 2025IPFormer: Visual 3D Panoptic Scene Completion with Context-Adaptive Instance Proposalscited by 3
- 2022Multi-view Monocular Depth and Uncertainty Prediction with Deep SfM in Dynamic Environmentscited by 2
- 2023Dyna-DepthFormer: Multi-frame Transformer for Self-Supervised Depth Estimation in Dynamic Scenescited by 2
- 2023FSNet: Redesign Self-Supervised MonoDepth for Full-Scale Depth Prediction for Autonomous Drivingcited by 2
- 2023ADU-Depth: Attention-based Distillation with Uncertainty Modeling for Depth Estimationcited by 2
- 2024FlowDepth: Decoupling Optical Flow for Self-Supervised Monocular Depth Estimationcited by 2
- 2024BaseBoostDepth: Exploiting Larger Baselines For Self-supervised Monocular Depth Estimationcited by 2
- 2026LiDAR Prompted Spatio-Temporal Multi-View Stereo for Autonomous Drivingcited by 2
- 2023STDepthFormer: Predicting Spatio-temporal Depth from Video with a Self-supervised Transformer Modelcited by 1
- 2023GSDC Transformer: An Efficient and Effective Cue Fusion for Monocular Multi-Frame Depth Estimationcited by 1
50 most cited of 59 All 59 (JSON)
- 2026Scene-Centric Unsupervised Video Panoptic Segmentation3 Jun 2026
- 2026WildPose: A Unified Framework for Robust Pose Estimation in the Wild12 May 2026
- 2026LiDAR Prompted Spatio-Temporal Multi-View Stereo for Autonomous Driving4 Mar 2026
- 2025LoGoPlanner: Localization Grounded Navigation Policy with Metric-aware Visual Geometry22 Dec 2025
- 2025Cross3DReg: Towards a Large-scale Real-world Cross-source Point Cloud Registration Benchmark8 Sep 2025
- 2025Channel-wise Motion Features for Efficient Motion Segmentation17 Jul 2025
- 2025IPFormer: Visual 3D Panoptic Scene Completion with Context-Adaptive Instance Proposals25 Jun 2025
- 2025DSOcc: Leveraging Depth Awareness and Semantic Aid to Boost Camera-Based 3D Semantic Occupancy Prediction27 May 2025
- 2025MVSAnywhere: Zero-Shot Multi-View Stereo28 Mar 2025
- 2025Semi-SMD: Semi-Supervised Metric Depth Estimation via Surrounding Cameras for Autonomous Driving25 Mar 2025
- 2024DualPM: Dual Posed-Canonical Point Maps for 3D Shape and Pose Reconstruction5 Dec 2024
- 2024BaseBoostDepth: Exploiting Larger Baselines For Self-supervised Monocular Depth Estimation29 Jul 2024
38 more
- 2024ProDepth: Boosting Self-Supervised Multi-Frame Monocular Depth with Probabilistic Fusion12 Jul 2024
- 2024WaterMono: Teacher-Guided Anomaly Masking and Enhancement Boosting for Robust Underwater Self-Supervised Monocular Depth Estimation19 Jun 2024
- 2024DurLAR: A High-fidelity 128-channel LiDAR Dataset with Panoramic Ambient and Reflectivity Imagery for Multi-modal Autonomous Driving Applications14 Jun 2024
- 2024Self-supervised Adversarial Training of Monocular Depth Estimation against Physical-World Attacks9 Jun 2024
- 2024M2Depth: Self-supervised Two-Frame Multi-camera Metric Depth Estimation3 May 2024
- 2024Boosting Self-Supervision for Single-View Scene Completion via Knowledge Distillation11 Apr 2024
- 2024BadPart: Unified Black-box Adversarial Patch Attacks against Pixel-wise Regression Tasks1 Apr 2024
- 2024FlowDepth: Decoupling Optical Flow for Self-Supervised Monocular Depth Estimation28 Mar 2024
- 2024SSAP: A Shape-Sensitive Adversarial Patch for Comprehensive Disruption of Monocular Depth Estimation in Autonomous Navigation Applications18 Mar 2024
- 2024Adaptive Fusion of Single-View and Multi-View Depth for Autonomous Driving12 Mar 2024
- 2023Manydepth2: Motion-Aware Self-Supervised Monocular Depth Estimation in Dynamic Scenes23 Dec 2023
- 2023SPEAL: Skeletal Prior Embedded Attention Learning for Cross-Source Point Cloud Registration14 Dec 2023
- 2023S4C: Self-Supervised Semantic Scene Completion with Neural Fields11 Oct 2023
- 2023GSDC Transformer: An Efficient and Effective Cue Fusion for Monocular Multi-Frame Depth Estimation29 Sep 2023
- 2023ADU-Depth: Attention-based Distillation with Uncertainty Modeling for Depth Estimation26 Sep 2023
- 2023R3D3: Dense 3D Reconstruction of Dynamic Scenes from Multiple Cameras28 Aug 2023
- 2023DS-Depth: Dynamic and Static Depth Estimation via a Fusion Cost Volume14 Aug 2023
- 2023SAAM: Stealthy Adversarial Attack on Monocular Depth Estimation6 Aug 2023
- 2023Self-supervised Monocular Depth Estimation: Let's Talk About The Weather17 Jul 2023
- 2023Learning Monocular Depth in Dynamic Environment via Context-aware Temporal Attention12 May 2023
- 2023CVRecon: Rethinking 3D Geometric Feature Learning For Neural Reconstruction28 Apr 2023
- 2023FSNet: Redesign Self-Supervised MonoDepth for Full-Scale Depth Prediction for Autonomous Driving21 Apr 2023
- 20233 Dimensional Dense Reconstruction: A Review of Algorithms and Dataset19 Apr 2023
- 2023Learning to Fuse Monocular and Multi-view Cues for Multi-frame Depth Estimation in Dynamic Scenes18 Apr 2023
- 2023MACARONS: Mapping And Coverage Anticipation with RGB Online Self-Supervision6 Mar 2023
- 2023APARATE: Adaptive Adversarial Patch for CNN-based Monocular Depth Estimation for Autonomous Navigation2 Mar 2023
- 2023STDepthFormer: Predicting Spatio-temporal Depth from Video with a Self-supervised Transformer Model2 Mar 2023
- 2023Adversarial Training of Self-supervised Monocular Depth Estimation against Physical-World Attacks31 Jan 2023
- 2023Behind the Scenes: Density Fields for Single View Reconstruction18 Jan 2023
- 2023Dyna-DepthFormer: Multi-frame Transformer for Self-Supervised Depth Estimation in Dynamic Scenes14 Jan 2023
- 2022Are We Ready for Vision-Centric Driving Streaming Perception? The ASAP Benchmark17 Dec 2022
- 2022Mind The Edge: Refining Depth Edges in Sparsely-Supervised Monocular Depth Estimation10 Dec 2022
- 2022Efficient 3D Reconstruction, Streaming and Visualization of Static and Dynamic Scene Parts for Multi-client Live-telepresence in Large-scale Environments25 Nov 2022
- 2022SimpleRecon: 3D Reconstruction Without 3D Convolutions31 Aug 2022
- 2022STS: Surround-view Temporal Stereo for Multi-view 3D Detection22 Aug 2022
- 2022Crafting Monocular Cues and Velocity Guidance for Self-Supervised Multi-Frame Depth Learning19 Aug 2022
- 2022Globally Consistent Video Depth and Pose Estimation with Efficient Test-Time Training4 Aug 2022
- 2022Revisiting PatchMatch Multi-View Stereo for Urban 3D Reconstruction18 Jul 2022
50 newest of 59 All 59 (JSON)
- 2021The Temporal Opportunist: Self-Supervised Multi-Frame Monocular Depthcited by 190
- 2022SimpleRecon: 3D Reconstruction Without 3D Convolutionscited by 83
- 2022Multi-Frame Self-Supervised Depth with Transformerscited by 64
- 2023Behind the Scenes: Density Fields for Single View Reconstructioncited by 63
- 2022Physical Attack on Monocular Depth Estimation with Optimal Adversarial Patchescited by 57
- 2022STS: Surround-view Temporal Stereo for Multi-view 3D Detectioncited by 53
- 2022Disentangling Object Motion and Occlusion for Unsupervised Multi-frame Monocular Depthcited by 48
- 2021TANDEM: Tracking and Dense Mapping in Real-time using Deep Multi-view Stereocited by 39
- 2023R3D3: Dense 3D Reconstruction of Dynamic Scenes from Multiple Camerascited by 39
- 2023Self-supervised Monocular Depth Estimation: Let's Talk About The Weathercited by 33
- 2024Adaptive Fusion of Single-View and Multi-View Depth for Autonomous Drivingcited by 30
- 2021Attention meets Geometry: Geometry Guided Spatial-Temporal Attention for Consistent Self-Supervised Monocular Depth Estimationcited by 27
12 most cited of 58 All 58 (JSON)
- 2026Scene-Centric Unsupervised Video Panoptic Segmentation3 Jun 2026
- 2026WildPose: A Unified Framework for Robust Pose Estimation in the Wild12 May 2026
- 2026LiDAR Prompted Spatio-Temporal Multi-View Stereo for Autonomous Driving4 Mar 2026
- 2025LoGoPlanner: Localization Grounded Navigation Policy with Metric-aware Visual Geometry22 Dec 2025
- 2025Cross3DReg: Towards a Large-scale Real-world Cross-source Point Cloud Registration Benchmark8 Sep 2025
- 2025Channel-wise Motion Features for Efficient Motion Segmentation17 Jul 2025
- 2025IPFormer: Visual 3D Panoptic Scene Completion with Context-Adaptive Instance Proposals25 Jun 2025
- 2025DSOcc: Leveraging Depth Awareness and Semantic Aid to Boost Camera-Based 3D Semantic Occupancy Prediction27 May 2025
- 2025MVSAnywhere: Zero-Shot Multi-View Stereo28 Mar 2025
- 2024DualPM: Dual Posed-Canonical Point Maps for 3D Shape and Pose Reconstruction5 Dec 2024
- 2024BaseBoostDepth: Exploiting Larger Baselines For Self-supervised Monocular Depth Estimation29 Jul 2024
- 2024ProDepth: Boosting Self-Supervised Multi-Frame Monocular Depth with Probabilistic Fusion12 Jul 2024
12 newest of 58 All 58 (JSON)