mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Structured3D: A Large Photo-realistic Dataset for Structured 3D Modeling

arXiv 1908.00222 ↗First posted 1 Aug 2019cs.CVcited by 285

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Abstract (arXiv)

Recently, there has been growing interest in developing learning-based methods to detect and utilize salient semi-global or global structures, such as junctions, lines, planes, cuboids, smooth surfaces, and all types of symmetries, for 3D scene modeling and understanding. However, the ground truth annotations are often obtained via human labor, which is particularly challenging and inefficient for such tasks due to the large number of 3D structure instances (e.g., line segments) and other factors such as viewpoints and occlusions. In this paper, we present a new synthetic dataset, Structured3D, with the aim of providing large-scale photo-realistic images with rich 3D structure annotations for a wide spectrum of structured 3D modeling tasks. We take advantage of the availability of professional interior designs and automatically extract 3D structures from them. We generate high-quality images with an industry-leading rendering engine. We use our synthetic dataset in combination with real images to train deep networks for room layout estimation and demonstrate improved performance on benchmark datasets.

Key facts. Cited by 285 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 1 Aug 2019.

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Citing papers per year: 2021: 28; 2022: 21; 2023: 28; 2024: 53; 2025: 77; 2026: 78.

285 papers.

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  1. 2025Depth Anything 3: Recovering the Visual Space from Any Viewscited by 626
  2. 2023Synthetic Data from Diffusion Models Improves ImageNet Classificationcited by 326
  3. 2024MoGe: Unlocking Accurate Monocular Geometry Estimation for Open-Domain Images with Optimal Training Supervisioncited by 290
  4. 2025MoGe-2: Accurate Monocular Geometry with Metric Scale and Sharp Detailscited by 250
  5. 2023Infinite Photorealistic Worlds using Procedural Generationcited by 142
  6. 2024SceneVerse: Scaling 3D Vision-Language Learning for Grounded Scene Understandingcited by 130
  7. 2024Infinigen Indoors: Photorealistic Indoor Scenes using Procedural Generationcited by 129
  8. 2025From Flatland to Space: Teaching Vision-Language Models to Perceive and Reason in 3Dcited by 127
  9. 2023Swin3D: A Pretrained Transformer Backbone for 3D Indoor Scene Understandingcited by 111
  10. 2025Learning from Videos for 3D World: Enhancing MLLMs with 3D Vision Geometry Priorscited by 111
  11. 2025Sonata: Self-Supervised Learning of Reliable Point Representationscited by 108
  12. 2025GPT4Scene: Understand 3D Scenes from Videos with Vision-Language Modelscited by 106
38 more
  1. 2023OneFormer3D: One Transformer for Unified Point Cloud Segmentationcited by 95
  2. 2023Improving Multimodal Datasets with Image Captioningcited by 93
  3. 2024I-Design: Personalized LLM Interior Designercited by 87
  4. 2023Towards Large-scale 3D Representation Learning with Multi-dataset Point Prompt Trainingcited by 85
  5. 2024A Survey of Multimodal Large Language Model from A Data-centric Perspectivecited by 73
  6. 2025SpatialLM: Training Large Language Models for Structured Indoor Modelingcited by 63
  7. 2023Ctrl-Room: Controllable Text-to-3D Room Meshes Generation with Layout Constraintscited by 59
  8. 2023PonderV2: Pave the Way for 3D Foundation Model with A Universal Pre-training Paradigmcited by 56
  9. 2025SceneSplat: Gaussian Splatting-based Scene Understanding with Vision-Language Pretrainingcited by 51
  10. 2023PanoDiffusion: 360-degree Panorama Outpainting via Diffusioncited by 50
  11. 2022Connecting the Dots: Floorplan Reconstruction Using Two-Level Queriescited by 48
  12. 2022Behind Every Domain There is a Shift: Adapting Distortion-aware Vision Transformers for Panoramic Semantic Segmentationcited by 46
  13. 2024Lexicon3D: Probing Visual Foundation Models for Complex 3D Scene Understandingcited by 46
  14. 2024Colorful Diffuse Intrinsic Image Decomposition in the Wildcited by 44
  15. 2025Dens3R: A Foundation Model for 3D Geometry Predictioncited by 44
  16. 2021LED2-Net: Monocular 360 Layout Estimation via Differentiable Depth Renderingcited by 42
  17. 2023EGformer: Equirectangular Geometry-biased Transformer for 360 Depth Estimationcited by 42
  18. 2025Concerto: Joint 2D-3D Self-Supervised Learning Emerges Spatial Representationscited by 42
  19. 2024SatSynth: Augmenting Image-Mask Pairs through Diffusion Models for Aerial Semantic Segmentationcited by 41
  20. 2021ACDNet: Adaptively Combined Dilated Convolution for Monocular Panorama Depth Estimationcited by 39
  21. 2022Deep Learning for Omnidirectional Vision: A Survey and New Perspectivescited by 38
  22. 2023SceneHGN: Hierarchical Graph Networks for 3D Indoor Scene Generation with Fine-Grained Geometrycited by 38
  23. 2024Depth Anywhere: Enhancing 360 Monocular Depth Estimation via Perspective Distillation and Unlabeled Data Augmentationcited by 38
  24. 2024DiffPano: Scalable and Consistent Text to Panorama Generation with Spherical Epipolar-Aware Diffusioncited by 38
  25. 2021Pano3D: A Holistic Benchmark and a Solid Baseline for 360o Depth Estimationcited by 37
  26. 2023PolyDiffuse: Polygonal Shape Reconstruction via Guided Set Diffusion Modelscited by 36
  27. 20243D-GRAND: A Million-Scale Dataset for 3D-LLMs with Better Grounding and Less Hallucinationcited by 36
  28. 2025GeometryCrafter: Consistent Geometry Estimation for Open-world Videos with Diffusion Priorscited by 36
  29. 2022CASA: Category-agnostic Skeletal Animal Reconstructioncited by 35
  30. 2025CubeDiff: Repurposing Diffusion-Based Image Models for Panorama Generationcited by 35
  31. 2021DeepPanoContext: Panoramic 3D Scene Understanding with Holistic Scene Context Graph and Relation-based Optimizationcited by 33
  32. 2021BuildingNet: Learning to Label 3D Buildingscited by 33
  33. 2024Elite360D: Towards Efficient 360 Depth Estimation via Semantic- and Distance-Aware Bi-Projection Fusioncited by 31
  34. 2025DINO in the Room: Leveraging 2D Foundation Models for 3D Segmentationcited by 31
  35. 2021HEAT: Holistic Edge Attention Transformer for Structured Reconstructioncited by 29
  36. 2021LaLaLoc: Latent Layout Localisation in Dynamic, Unvisited Environmentscited by 28
  37. 2022LGT-Net: Indoor Panoramic Room Layout Estimation with Geometry-Aware Transformer Networkcited by 28
  38. 2024SPA: 3D Spatial-Awareness Enables Effective Embodied Representationcited by 28

50 most cited of 285 All 285 (JSON)