mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Pow3R: Empowering Unconstrained 3D Reconstruction with Camera and Scene Priors

arXiv 2503.17316 ↗First posted 21 Mar 2025cs.CVcited by 72

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Abstract (arXiv)

We present Pow3r, a novel large 3D vision regression model that is highly versatile in the input modalities it accepts. Unlike previous feed-forward models that lack any mechanism to exploit known camera or scene priors at test time, Pow3r incorporates any combination of auxiliary information such as intrinsics, relative pose, dense or sparse depth, alongside input images, within a single network. Building upon the recent DUSt3R paradigm, a transformer-based architecture that leverages powerful pre-training, our lightweight and versatile conditioning acts as additional guidance for the network to predict more accurate estimates when auxiliary information is available. During training we feed the model with random subsets of modalities at each iteration, which enables the model to operate under different levels of known priors at test time. This in turn opens up new capabilities, such as performing inference in native image resolution, or point-cloud completion. Our experiments on 3D reconstruction, depth completion, multi-view depth prediction, multi-view stereo, and multi-view pose estimation tasks yield state-of-the-art results and confirm the effectiveness of Pow3r at exploiting all available information. The project webpage is https://europe.naverlabs.com/pow3r.

Key facts. Cited by 72 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 91 of its 129 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 21 Mar 2025.

Builds on

91 of 129 references.

References · 91

  1. 2020An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at Scalecited by 30,186
  2. 2021High-Resolution Image Synthesis with Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 18,863
  3. 2023DINOv2: Learning Robust Visual Features without Supervisioncited by 7,974
  4. 20233D Gaussian Splatting for Real-Time Radiance Field Renderingcited by 6,226
  5. 2017ScanNet: Richly-annotated 3D Reconstructions of Indoor Scenescited by 3,117
  6. 2019Scalability in Perception for Autonomous Driving: Waymo Open Datasetcited by 2,451
  7. 2021Vision Transformers for Dense Predictioncited by 1,803
  8. 2020pixelNeRF: Neural Radiance Fields from One or Few Imagescited by 1,584
  9. 2023DUSt3R: Geometric 3D Vision Made Easycited by 1,567
  10. 2019SuperGlue: Learning Feature Matching with Graph Neural Networkscited by 1,443
  11. 2021Efficient Geometry-aware 3D Generative Adversarial Networkscited by 1,205
  12. 2019Habitat: A Platform for Embodied AI Researchcited by 1,191
38 more
  1. 2021LoFTR: Detector-Free Local Feature Matching with Transformerscited by 984
  2. 2024Grounding Image Matching in 3D with MASt3Rcited by 983
  3. 2015A Large Dataset to Train Convolutional Networks for Disparity, Optical Flow, and Scene Flow Estimationcited by 881
  4. 2019Scene Representation Networks: Continuous 3D-Structure-Aware Neural Scene Representationscited by 864
  5. 2016ORB-SLAM2: an Open-Source SLAM System for Monocular, Stereo and RGB-D Camerascited by 806
  6. 2018MVSNet: Depth Inference for Unstructured Multi-view Stereocited by 788
  7. 2023ScanNet++: A High-Fidelity Dataset of 3D Indoor Scenescited by 764
  8. 2018MegaDepth: Learning Single-View Depth Prediction from Internet Photoscited by 737
  9. 2019Differentiable Volumetric Rendering: Learning Implicit 3D Representations without 3D Supervisioncited by 700
  10. 2021DROID-SLAM: Deep Visual SLAM for Monocular, Stereo, and RGB-D Camerascited by 687
  11. 2021Common Objects in 3D: Large-Scale Learning and Evaluation of Real-life 3D Category Reconstructioncited by 652
  12. 2021BARF: Bundle-Adjusting Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 642
  13. 2023LightGlue: Local Feature Matching at Light Speedcited by 590
  14. 2018From Coarse to Fine: Robust Hierarchical Localization at Large Scalecited by 559
  15. 2019BlendedMVS: A Large-scale Dataset for Generalized Multi-view Stereo Networkscited by 490
  16. 2021ARKitScenes: A Diverse Real-World Dataset For 3D Indoor Scene Understanding Using Mobile RGB-D Datacited by 454
  17. 2024MonST3R: A Simple Approach for Estimating Geometry in the Presence of Motioncited by 442
  18. 2019Cascade Cost Volume for High-Resolution Multi-View Stereo and Stereo Matchingcited by 417
  19. 2024UniDepth: Universal Monocular Metric Depth Estimationcited by 382
  20. 2019SynSin: End-to-end View Synthesis from a Single Imagecited by 364
  21. 2023Splatter Image: Ultra-Fast Single-View 3D Reconstructioncited by 364
  22. 2016LIFT: Learned Invariant Feature Transformcited by 306
  23. 20243D Reconstruction with Spatial Memorycited by 277
  24. 2017HPatches: A benchmark and evaluation of handcrafted and learned local descriptorscited by 264
  25. 2023Visual Geometry Grounded Deep Structure From Motioncited by 227
  26. 2020Learning to Recover 3D Scene Shape from a Single Imagecited by 216
  27. 2021Self-Calibrating Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 204
  28. 2016DeMoN: Depth and Motion Network for Learning Monocular Stereocited by 201
  29. 2021Pixel-Perfect Structure-from-Motion with Featuremetric Refinementcited by 200
  30. 2018DeepV2D: Video to Depth with Differentiable Structure from Motioncited by 185
  31. 2021CodeNeRF: Disentangled Neural Radiance Fields for Object Categoriescited by 183
  32. 2024Splatt3R: Zero-shot Gaussian Splatting from Uncalibrated Image Pairscited by 178
  33. 2022ASpanFormer: Detector-Free Image Matching with Adaptive Span Transformercited by 171
  34. 2022CroCo v2: Improved Cross-view Completion Pre-training for Stereo Matching and Optical Flowcited by 166
  35. 2024MASt3R-SfM: a Fully-Integrated Solution for Unconstrained Structure-from-Motioncited by 162
  36. 2017Sparse-to-Dense: Depth Prediction from Sparse Depth Samples and a Single Imagecited by 161
  37. 2023Infinite Photorealistic Worlds using Procedural Generationcited by 147
  38. 2023PoseDiffusion: Solving Pose Estimation via Diffusion-aided Bundle Adjustmentcited by 147

50 most cited of 91 All 91 (JSON)

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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2025: 28; 2026: 44.

72 papers.

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  1. 2025Depth Anything 3: Recovering the Visual Space from Any Viewscited by 692
  2. 2025MapAnything: Universal Feed-Forward Metric 3D Reconstructioncited by 314
  3. 2025VGGT-SLAM: Dense RGB SLAM Optimized on the SL(4) Manifoldcited by 136
  4. 2025WorldMirror: Universal 3D World Reconstruction with Any-Prior Promptingcited by 67
  5. 2026HY-World 2.0: A Multi-Modal World Model for Reconstructing, Generating, and Simulating 3D Worldscited by 44
  6. 2026LingBot-Map: Geometric Context Transformer for Streaming 3D Reconstructioncited by 37
  7. 2025Any4D: Unified Feed-Forward Metric 4D Reconstructioncited by 35
  8. 2026V-DPM: 4D Video Reconstruction with Dynamic Point Mapscited by 34
  9. 2025What Is The Best 3D Scene Representation for Robotics? From Geometric to Foundation Modelscited by 29
  10. 2025Advances in Feed-Forward 3D Reconstruction and View Synthesis: A Surveycited by 27
  11. 2025Block-Sparse Global Attention for Efficient Multi-View Geometry Transformerscited by 23
  12. 2025MoRE: 3D Visual Geometry Reconstruction Meets Mixture-of-Expertscited by 21
38 more
  1. 2025Test3R: Learning to Reconstruct 3D at Test Timecited by 20
  2. 2025AMB3R: Accurate Feed-forward Metric-scale 3D Reconstruction with Backendcited by 20
  3. 2026VGG-T3: Offline Feed-Forward 3D Reconstruction at Scalecited by 18
  4. 2026WorldStereo: Bridging Camera-Guided Video Generation and Scene Reconstruction via 3D Geometric Memoriescited by 18
  5. 2025Reconstructing 4D Spatial Intelligence: A Surveycited by 14
  6. 2025G-CUT3R: Guided 3D Reconstruction with Camera and Depth Prior Integrationcited by 12
  7. 2025Rig3R: Rig-Aware Conditioning for Learned 3D Reconstructioncited by 11
  8. 2025Review of Feed-forward 3D Reconstruction: From DUSt3R to VGGTcited by 10
  9. 2025Co-Me: Confidence-Guided Token Merging for Visual Geometric Transformerscited by 10
  10. 2025StreamSplat: Towards Online Dynamic 3D Reconstruction from Uncalibrated Video Streamscited by 8
  11. 2025E3D-Bench: A Benchmark for End-to-End 3D Geometric Foundation Modelscited by 7
  12. 2026PoseVLA: Universal Pose Pretraining for Generalizable Vision-Language-Action Policiescited by 7
  13. 2025MASt3R-Fusion: Integrating Feed-Forward Visual Model with IMU, GNSS for High-Functionality SLAMcited by 6
  14. 2025Fin3R: Fine-tuning Feed-forward 3D Reconstruction Models via Monocular Knowledge Distillationcited by 6
  15. 2026OccAny: Generalized Unconstrained Urban 3D Occupancycited by 6
  16. 2025OracleGS: Grounding Generative Priors for Sparse-View Gaussian Splattingcited by 5
  17. 2026Rays as Pixels: Learning A Joint Distribution of Videos and Camera Trajectoriescited by 5
  18. 2025MetricHMSR:Metric Human Mesh and Scene Recovery from Monocular Imagescited by 4
  19. 2026VGGT-SLAM++cited by 4
  20. 2026Large Depth Completion Model from Sparse Observationscited by 4
  21. 2025HuPrior3R: Incorporating Human Priors for Better 3D Dynamic Reconstruction from Monocular Videoscited by 3
  22. 2026Distill3R: A Pipeline for Democratizing 3D Foundation Models on Commodity Hardwarecited by 3
  23. 2026S-MUSt3R: Sliding Multi-view 3D Reconstructioncited by 3
  24. 2026GGPT: Geometry Grounded Point Transformercited by 3
  25. 2026SegVGGT: Joint 3D Reconstruction and Instance Segmentation from Multi-View Imagescited by 3
  26. 2026TriSplat: Simulation-Ready Feed-Forward 3D Scene Reconstructioncited by 3
  27. 2025Towards Depth Foundation Model: Recent Trends in Vision-Based Depth Estimationcited by 2
  28. 2025CloseUpShot: Close-up Novel View Synthesis from Sparse-views via Point-conditioned Diffusion Modelcited by 2
  29. 2025Splat-SAP: Feed-Forward Gaussian Splatting for Human-Centered Scene with Scale-Aware Point Map Reconstructioncited by 2
  30. 2026UniScale: Unified Scale-Aware 3D Reconstruction for Multi-View Understanding via Prior Injection for Robotic Perceptioncited by 2
  31. 2026RnG: A Unified Transformer for Complete 3D Modeling from Partial Observationscited by 2
  32. 2026R3DP: Real-Time 3D-Aware Policy for Embodied Manipulationcited by 2
  33. 2026CAM3R: Camera-Agnostic Model for 3D Reconstructioncited by 2
  34. 2026R3: 3D Reconstruction via Relative Regressioncited by 2
  35. 2025From Fields to Splats: A Cross-Domain Survey of Real-Time Neural Scene Representationscited by 1
  36. 2026Learning 3D Reconstruction with Priors in Test Timecited by 1
  37. 2026Surflo: Consistent 3D Surface Flow Model with Global Statecited by 1
  38. 2026OrthoTrack: Continuous 6-DoF UAV Trajectory Estimation Anchored in Public Orthophotoscited by 1

50 most cited of 72 All 72 (JSON)