Pow3R: Empowering Unconstrained 3D Reconstruction with Camera and Scene Priors
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Abstract (arXiv)
We present Pow3r, a novel large 3D vision regression model that is highly versatile in the input modalities it accepts. Unlike previous feed-forward models that lack any mechanism to exploit known camera or scene priors at test time, Pow3r incorporates any combination of auxiliary information such as intrinsics, relative pose, dense or sparse depth, alongside input images, within a single network. Building upon the recent DUSt3R paradigm, a transformer-based architecture that leverages powerful pre-training, our lightweight and versatile conditioning acts as additional guidance for the network to predict more accurate estimates when auxiliary information is available. During training we feed the model with random subsets of modalities at each iteration, which enables the model to operate under different levels of known priors at test time. This in turn opens up new capabilities, such as performing inference in native image resolution, or point-cloud completion. Our experiments on 3D reconstruction, depth completion, multi-view depth prediction, multi-view stereo, and multi-view pose estimation tasks yield state-of-the-art results and confirm the effectiveness of Pow3r at exploiting all available information. The project webpage is https://europe.naverlabs.com/pow3r.
Key facts. Cited by 72 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 91 of its 129 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 21 Mar 2025.
Builds on
91 of 129 references.
References · 91
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38 more
- 2021LoFTR: Detector-Free Local Feature Matching with Transformerscited by 984
- 2024Grounding Image Matching in 3D with MASt3Rcited by 983
- 2015A Large Dataset to Train Convolutional Networks for Disparity, Optical Flow, and Scene Flow Estimationcited by 881
- 2019Scene Representation Networks: Continuous 3D-Structure-Aware Neural Scene Representationscited by 864
- 2016ORB-SLAM2: an Open-Source SLAM System for Monocular, Stereo and RGB-D Camerascited by 806
- 2018MVSNet: Depth Inference for Unstructured Multi-view Stereocited by 788
- 2023ScanNet++: A High-Fidelity Dataset of 3D Indoor Scenescited by 764
- 2018MegaDepth: Learning Single-View Depth Prediction from Internet Photoscited by 737
- 2019Differentiable Volumetric Rendering: Learning Implicit 3D Representations without 3D Supervisioncited by 700
- 2021DROID-SLAM: Deep Visual SLAM for Monocular, Stereo, and RGB-D Camerascited by 687
- 2021Common Objects in 3D: Large-Scale Learning and Evaluation of Real-life 3D Category Reconstructioncited by 652
- 2021BARF: Bundle-Adjusting Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 642
- 2023LightGlue: Local Feature Matching at Light Speedcited by 590
- 2018From Coarse to Fine: Robust Hierarchical Localization at Large Scalecited by 559
- 2019BlendedMVS: A Large-scale Dataset for Generalized Multi-view Stereo Networkscited by 490
- 2021ARKitScenes: A Diverse Real-World Dataset For 3D Indoor Scene Understanding Using Mobile RGB-D Datacited by 454
- 2024MonST3R: A Simple Approach for Estimating Geometry in the Presence of Motioncited by 442
- 2019Cascade Cost Volume for High-Resolution Multi-View Stereo and Stereo Matchingcited by 417
- 2024UniDepth: Universal Monocular Metric Depth Estimationcited by 382
- 2019SynSin: End-to-end View Synthesis from a Single Imagecited by 364
- 2023Splatter Image: Ultra-Fast Single-View 3D Reconstructioncited by 364
- 2016LIFT: Learned Invariant Feature Transformcited by 306
- 20243D Reconstruction with Spatial Memorycited by 277
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- 2023Visual Geometry Grounded Deep Structure From Motioncited by 227
- 2020Learning to Recover 3D Scene Shape from a Single Imagecited by 216
- 2021Self-Calibrating Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 204
- 2016DeMoN: Depth and Motion Network for Learning Monocular Stereocited by 201
- 2021Pixel-Perfect Structure-from-Motion with Featuremetric Refinementcited by 200
- 2018DeepV2D: Video to Depth with Differentiable Structure from Motioncited by 185
- 2021CodeNeRF: Disentangled Neural Radiance Fields for Object Categoriescited by 183
- 2024Splatt3R: Zero-shot Gaussian Splatting from Uncalibrated Image Pairscited by 178
- 2022ASpanFormer: Detector-Free Image Matching with Adaptive Span Transformercited by 171
- 2022CroCo v2: Improved Cross-view Completion Pre-training for Stereo Matching and Optical Flowcited by 166
- 2024MASt3R-SfM: a Fully-Integrated Solution for Unconstrained Structure-from-Motioncited by 162
- 2017Sparse-to-Dense: Depth Prediction from Sparse Depth Samples and a Single Imagecited by 161
- 2023Infinite Photorealistic Worlds using Procedural Generationcited by 147
- 2023PoseDiffusion: Solving Pose Estimation via Diffusion-aided Bundle Adjustmentcited by 147
50 most cited of 91 All 91 (JSON)
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Citing papers per year: 2025: 28; 2026: 44.
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- 2025Depth Anything 3: Recovering the Visual Space from Any Viewscited by 692
- 2025MapAnything: Universal Feed-Forward Metric 3D Reconstructioncited by 314
- 2025VGGT-SLAM: Dense RGB SLAM Optimized on the SL(4) Manifoldcited by 136
- 2025WorldMirror: Universal 3D World Reconstruction with Any-Prior Promptingcited by 67
- 2026HY-World 2.0: A Multi-Modal World Model for Reconstructing, Generating, and Simulating 3D Worldscited by 44
- 2026LingBot-Map: Geometric Context Transformer for Streaming 3D Reconstructioncited by 37
- 2025Any4D: Unified Feed-Forward Metric 4D Reconstructioncited by 35
- 2026V-DPM: 4D Video Reconstruction with Dynamic Point Mapscited by 34
- 2025What Is The Best 3D Scene Representation for Robotics? From Geometric to Foundation Modelscited by 29
- 2025Advances in Feed-Forward 3D Reconstruction and View Synthesis: A Surveycited by 27
- 2025Block-Sparse Global Attention for Efficient Multi-View Geometry Transformerscited by 23
- 2025MoRE: 3D Visual Geometry Reconstruction Meets Mixture-of-Expertscited by 21
38 more
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- 2026WorldStereo: Bridging Camera-Guided Video Generation and Scene Reconstruction via 3D Geometric Memoriescited by 18
- 2025Reconstructing 4D Spatial Intelligence: A Surveycited by 14
- 2025G-CUT3R: Guided 3D Reconstruction with Camera and Depth Prior Integrationcited by 12
- 2025Rig3R: Rig-Aware Conditioning for Learned 3D Reconstructioncited by 11
- 2025Review of Feed-forward 3D Reconstruction: From DUSt3R to VGGTcited by 10
- 2025Co-Me: Confidence-Guided Token Merging for Visual Geometric Transformerscited by 10
- 2025StreamSplat: Towards Online Dynamic 3D Reconstruction from Uncalibrated Video Streamscited by 8
- 2025E3D-Bench: A Benchmark for End-to-End 3D Geometric Foundation Modelscited by 7
- 2026PoseVLA: Universal Pose Pretraining for Generalizable Vision-Language-Action Policiescited by 7
- 2025MASt3R-Fusion: Integrating Feed-Forward Visual Model with IMU, GNSS for High-Functionality SLAMcited by 6
- 2025Fin3R: Fine-tuning Feed-forward 3D Reconstruction Models via Monocular Knowledge Distillationcited by 6
- 2026OccAny: Generalized Unconstrained Urban 3D Occupancycited by 6
- 2025OracleGS: Grounding Generative Priors for Sparse-View Gaussian Splattingcited by 5
- 2026Rays as Pixels: Learning A Joint Distribution of Videos and Camera Trajectoriescited by 5
- 2025MetricHMSR:Metric Human Mesh and Scene Recovery from Monocular Imagescited by 4
- 2026VGGT-SLAM++cited by 4
- 2026Large Depth Completion Model from Sparse Observationscited by 4
- 2025HuPrior3R: Incorporating Human Priors for Better 3D Dynamic Reconstruction from Monocular Videoscited by 3
- 2026Distill3R: A Pipeline for Democratizing 3D Foundation Models on Commodity Hardwarecited by 3
- 2026S-MUSt3R: Sliding Multi-view 3D Reconstructioncited by 3
- 2026GGPT: Geometry Grounded Point Transformercited by 3
- 2026SegVGGT: Joint 3D Reconstruction and Instance Segmentation from Multi-View Imagescited by 3
- 2026TriSplat: Simulation-Ready Feed-Forward 3D Scene Reconstructioncited by 3
- 2025Towards Depth Foundation Model: Recent Trends in Vision-Based Depth Estimationcited by 2
- 2025CloseUpShot: Close-up Novel View Synthesis from Sparse-views via Point-conditioned Diffusion Modelcited by 2
- 2025Splat-SAP: Feed-Forward Gaussian Splatting for Human-Centered Scene with Scale-Aware Point Map Reconstructioncited by 2
- 2026UniScale: Unified Scale-Aware 3D Reconstruction for Multi-View Understanding via Prior Injection for Robotic Perceptioncited by 2
- 2026RnG: A Unified Transformer for Complete 3D Modeling from Partial Observationscited by 2
- 2026R3DP: Real-Time 3D-Aware Policy for Embodied Manipulationcited by 2
- 2026CAM3R: Camera-Agnostic Model for 3D Reconstructioncited by 2
- 2026R3: 3D Reconstruction via Relative Regressioncited by 2
- 2025From Fields to Splats: A Cross-Domain Survey of Real-Time Neural Scene Representationscited by 1
- 2026Learning 3D Reconstruction with Priors in Test Timecited by 1
- 2026Surflo: Consistent 3D Surface Flow Model with Global Statecited by 1
- 2026OrthoTrack: Continuous 6-DoF UAV Trajectory Estimation Anchored in Public Orthophotoscited by 1
50 most cited of 72 All 72 (JSON)
- 2026WorldRoPE: Probabilistic World-Centric Rotary Embedding for Multi-View Attention12 Oct 2026
- 2026PURE: Refining Feed-forward 3D Reconstruction with Unlabeled Post-training10 Oct 2026
- 2026Deep Prior Learning for Embodied Perception4 Oct 2026
- 2026Pow3R-SLAM: Real-Time RGB-D SLAM with 3D Reconstruction Priors29 Sep 2026
- 2026OTT3R: Multi-View 3D Reconstruction and Fast Dataset Generation at 1% Compute28 Sep 2026
- 2026Many Eyes, One World: Feed-Forward 3D Reconstruction from Mixed Cameras28 Sep 2026
- 2026AMB3R-SLAM: Kilometer-scale SLAM with Hierarchical Backend17 Sep 2026
- 2026DRS-VPT: Directly Relocalizing in a Scan with Vision Point Transformers11 Sep 2026
- 2026CrossDepth: Geometry-Constrained Attention for Generalizable Multi-View Surround Depth Estimation4 Sep 2026
- 2026Scal3R: Learning Efficient Multi-Relative Pose Query for Scalable Online 3D Reconstruction3 Sep 2026
- 2026Zero-Shot Novel Depth Synthesis Using 3D Foundation Models Scene Representations3 Sep 2026
- 2026Feed-Forward Multi-view Multi-person Reconstruction with Contrastive Human-Aware 3D Representation1 Sep 2026
38 more
- 2026GeoFF3D: Coordinate-Anchored Feed-Forward Reconstruction for Large-Scale UAV Mapping28 Aug 2026
- 2026GeoWeaver: Accurate Long-Sequence 3D Reconstruction via Hierarchical Geometric Assembly18 Aug 2026
- 2026GS2CI: Robust Gaussian Splatting For Snapshot Compressive Imaging via Large Vision Model Priors13 Aug 2026
- 2026LTM: Large-scale Terrain Model for Wildfire-prone Landscapes9 Jul 2026
- 2026Argus: Metric Panoramic 3D Reconstruction for Indoor Scenes29 Jun 2026
- 2026OrthoTrack: Continuous 6-DoF UAV Trajectory Estimation Anchored in Public Orthophotos24 Jun 2026
- 2026Surflo: Consistent 3D Surface Flow Model with Global State11 Jun 2026
- 2026Large Depth Completion Model from Sparse Observations28 May 2026
- 2026R3: 3D Reconstruction via Relative Regression26 May 2026
- 2026TriSplat: Simulation-Ready Feed-Forward 3D Scene Reconstruction25 May 2026
- 2026Good Token Hunting: A Hitchhiker's Guide to Token Selection for Visual Geometry Transformers22 May 2026
- 2026UniT: Unified Geometry Learning with Group Autoregressive Transformer20 May 2026
- 2026Unlocking the Power of Critical Factors for 3D Visual Geometry Estimation23 Apr 2026
- 2026HY-World 2.0: A Multi-Modal World Model for Reconstructing, Generating, and Simulating 3D Worlds15 Apr 2026
- 2026LingBot-Map: Geometric Context Transformer for Streaming 3D Reconstruction15 Apr 2026
- 2026Rays as Pixels: Learning A Joint Distribution of Videos and Camera Trajectories10 Apr 2026
- 2026VGGT-SLAM++8 Apr 2026
- 2026Learning 3D Reconstruction with Priors in Test Time4 Apr 2026
- 2026MultiLoc: Look Around As You Localize for Fast And Robust Visual Re-localization28 Mar 2026
- 2026OccAny: Generalized Unconstrained Urban 3D Occupancy24 Mar 2026
- 2026CAM3R: Camera-Agnostic Model for 3D Reconstruction23 Mar 2026
- 2026SegVGGT: Joint 3D Reconstruction and Instance Segmentation from Multi-View Images20 Mar 2026
- 2026R3DP: Real-Time 3D-Aware Policy for Embodied Manipulation15 Mar 2026
- 2026GGPT: Geometry Grounded Point Transformer11 Mar 2026
- 2026WorldStereo: Bridging Camera-Guided Video Generation and Scene Reconstruction via 3D Geometric Memories2 Mar 2026
- 2026RnG: A Unified Transformer for Complete 3D Modeling from Partial Observations1 Mar 2026
- 2026VGG-T3: Offline Feed-Forward 3D Reconstruction at Scale26 Feb 2026
- 2026UniScale: Unified Scale-Aware 3D Reconstruction for Multi-View Understanding via Prior Injection for Robotic Perception26 Feb 2026
- 2026PoseVLA: Universal Pose Pretraining for Generalizable Vision-Language-Action Policies23 Feb 2026
- 2026S-MUSt3R: Sliding Multi-view 3D Reconstruction4 Feb 2026
- 2026Distill3R: A Pipeline for Democratizing 3D Foundation Models on Commodity Hardware31 Jan 2026
- 2026V-DPM: 4D Video Reconstruction with Dynamic Point Maps14 Jan 2026
- 2025Any4D: Unified Feed-Forward Metric 4D Reconstruction11 Dec 2025
- 2025HuPrior3R: Incorporating Human Priors for Better 3D Dynamic Reconstruction from Monocular Videos6 Dec 2025
- 2025What Is The Best 3D Scene Representation for Robotics? From Geometric to Foundation Models3 Dec 2025
- 2025Splat-SAP: Feed-Forward Gaussian Splatting for Human-Centered Scene with Scale-Aware Point Map Reconstruction27 Nov 2025
- 2025Fin3R: Fine-tuning Feed-forward 3D Reconstruction Models via Monocular Knowledge Distillation27 Nov 2025
- 2025AMB3R: Accurate Feed-forward Metric-scale 3D Reconstruction with Backend25 Nov 2025
50 newest of 72 All 72 (JSON)
- 2025Depth Anything 3: Recovering the Visual Space from Any Viewscited by 692
- 2025MapAnything: Universal Feed-Forward Metric 3D Reconstructioncited by 314
- 2025VGGT-SLAM: Dense RGB SLAM Optimized on the SL(4) Manifoldcited by 136
- 2025WorldMirror: Universal 3D World Reconstruction with Any-Prior Promptingcited by 67
- 2026LingBot-Map: Geometric Context Transformer for Streaming 3D Reconstructioncited by 37
- 2025Any4D: Unified Feed-Forward Metric 4D Reconstructioncited by 35
- 2026V-DPM: 4D Video Reconstruction with Dynamic Point Mapscited by 34
- 2025What Is The Best 3D Scene Representation for Robotics? From Geometric to Foundation Modelscited by 29
- 2025Advances in Feed-Forward 3D Reconstruction and View Synthesis: A Surveycited by 27
- 2025Block-Sparse Global Attention for Efficient Multi-View Geometry Transformerscited by 23
- 2025Test3R: Learning to Reconstruct 3D at Test Timecited by 20
- 2025AMB3R: Accurate Feed-forward Metric-scale 3D Reconstruction with Backendcited by 20
12 most cited of 65 All 65 (JSON)
- 2026WorldRoPE: Probabilistic World-Centric Rotary Embedding for Multi-View Attention12 Oct 2026
- 2026PURE: Refining Feed-forward 3D Reconstruction with Unlabeled Post-training10 Oct 2026
- 2026Deep Prior Learning for Embodied Perception4 Oct 2026
- 2026Pow3R-SLAM: Real-Time RGB-D SLAM with 3D Reconstruction Priors29 Sep 2026
- 2026OTT3R: Multi-View 3D Reconstruction and Fast Dataset Generation at 1% Compute28 Sep 2026
- 2026Many Eyes, One World: Feed-Forward 3D Reconstruction from Mixed Cameras28 Sep 2026
- 2026AMB3R-SLAM: Kilometer-scale SLAM with Hierarchical Backend17 Sep 2026
- 2026DRS-VPT: Directly Relocalizing in a Scan with Vision Point Transformers11 Sep 2026
- 2026CrossDepth: Geometry-Constrained Attention for Generalizable Multi-View Surround Depth Estimation4 Sep 2026
- 2026Scal3R: Learning Efficient Multi-Relative Pose Query for Scalable Online 3D Reconstruction3 Sep 2026
- 2026Zero-Shot Novel Depth Synthesis Using 3D Foundation Models Scene Representations3 Sep 2026
- 2026Feed-Forward Multi-view Multi-person Reconstruction with Contrastive Human-Aware 3D Representation1 Sep 2026
12 newest of 65 All 65 (JSON)